-

Wednesday and Friday, at 11;
on other days at 8 a.m.
OBJECTS OF INTEREST. The
Picture Gallery in the Zwinger,
Museum Johanneum, Green Vault,
Japanese Palace, The Grosse
Garten.

Dresden is situated in a fertile plain, upon both banks of the Elbe. The city is composed of the Altstadt (old town), on the left bank of the Elbe, and the Neustadt (new town), on the right bank. Two bridges connect the two banks of the river.

The most attractive quarter of the city is the Theatre Platz,near which are the principal objects of interest to the tourist. Upon this place are the Zwinger with its rich collections, the Royal Palace, the Catholic Church, and the Theatre. Near the Church is the Old Bridge over the Elbe, a solid stone structure, originally built with money raised by the sale of dispensations from the Pope to eat butter and eggs during Lent. At the end of the bridge, and extending along the river, is the Bruhl Terrace, a favourite promenade, upon which is the Palace of Bruhl and the hall of the Academy of Fine Arts.

On the opposite side of the river, about midway between the old bridge and the railway bridge, is the Japanese Palace, the gardens of which extend to the river.

The Catholic Church was finished in 1756. Over the great altar is a picture, "The Ascension," by Raphael Mengs, and there are many other German and Italian pictures of the 18th century. Under the sacristy are the vaults of the royal family; 64 statues of saints adorn the aisles. The music of this church (on Sundays from 11 to 12, and at 4), is celebrated.

The ROYAL PALACE, or SCHLOSS, forms a large square of three or four stories, flanked by numerous

galleries and dependencies, and inclosing three courts. The principal body of the building, by the side of the Catholic Church, is surmounted by a tower 387 feet high, the highest in Dresden. The palace was built in the 14th century, and enlarged in the 16th and 17th centuries; the interior is worthy of inspection. It contains several pictures by modern artists; and the Chapel Royal is adorned with works of Rubens Rembrandt, Guido Reni, Carracci and Mengs. The great audience chamber, occupied by Napoleon during his stay in Dresden, is adorned with paintings by Sylvestre.

The Theatre Royal, built 18371841, from the designs of Semper, burnt down in 1869, was rebuilt in 1877-78.

The south side of the Theatre Platz is closed by the Zwinger, the construction of which was commenced under Augustus II., at the beginning of the 18th century. One side of the Zwinger is occupied by the NEW GALLERY. The Zwinger contains most of the public collections in Dresden.

The Frauenkirche, or church of Our Lady, on the Neumarkt, was built 1726-1734, and is capped by a dome which, in the siege of 1760, was proof against bombs of the heaviest calibre. A very fine view may be enjoyed from the lantern, which is 384 feet above the street. It has a fine organ, built in 1736 by Silbermann, which has 44 registers, and 6000 pipes.

In the Neumarkt is also the MUSEUM JOHANNEUM, containing the Historical Museum and the Collection of Porcelain. (See next page.)

The Kreuzkirche, or church of the Cross, is in the Altmarkt. The first church of the name dated from the 15th century, and was destroyed by fire in the bom

bardment of 1760. The present church was built 1764-92, and forms an oblong square, 247 ft. long by 174 ft. wide, surmounted by a tower 345 ft. high, composed of three stories with columns. It contains some good sculptures. The principal collections (of pictures, engravings, and casts) are in the New Museum, the Zwinger, and the Japanese Palace. The New Museum was built in 1854 from the plans of Semper. The edifice forms an oblong square, 492 ft. long by 69 ft. wide and 95 ft. high. The grand entrance is in the form of a triumphal arch with statues of Raphael and Michael Angelo in the niches; upon the capitals of the columns are statuettes of St George, Judith, Siegfried, and Samson; on the attic are statues of Giotto, Holbein, A. Durer, and Cornelius. Numerous reliefs adorn the façade. The edifice is formed of a ground-floor and three upper stories. The groundfloor contains the engravings, casts, and views by Canaletto; the first and second, pictures. The grand staircase is of imposing proportions, and its balustrade is richly ornamented.

The Picture Gallery, the finest collection in Germany, contains 2200 pictures. The gallery was founded by Augustus I. and largely increased by Augustus II. and III., the last of whom added to it the Modena Gallery, at a cost of £200,000. It is classified in schools, and in chronological order. For the proper study of this gallery M. Hubner's catalogue, which may be purchased at the entrance, will be found very useful. The gallery is open to the public every week-day from ten to four, on Sundays from ten to three. There is no charge for admission on Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, and Thursday; on other days a small fee is charged.

The following are a few of the most remarkable paintings :

"

67, Raphael's MADONNA DI SAN SISTO," the acknowledged gem of the collection. It is in the best style of the great master, and was painted only a few years before his death. A room is set apart for this picture. 155, Corregio, "The Virgin and the Infant Jesus in the manger,' known as "The Night," considered the best work of the painter; 222, Titian, "Tribute Money,' 'The Virgin and Child and Saints," "Reclining Venus;" Paul Veronese, "The Adoration,' "The Marriage in Cana;" Guido, "Bacchus," Venus; Albert Durer, "Crucifixion," "Portrait of a man in black;" Rembrandt, "Portrait of his Mother," "His own portrait, with his wife sitting on his knee;" Rubens, "The Judgment of Paris," "The Boar Hunt;" Ruisdael, "The Hunt;" Van Dyck, "Charles I., his Queen and their children," "Portrait of Rykaerts the painter." The portrait in crayon of the "Belle Chocoladiere," once waitress in a café in Vienna, and a celebrated beauty, afterwards married to an Austrian of rank, is much admired.

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The Historical Museum, or MUSEUM JOHANNEUM, is in the Neumarkt. It is open every day, fee 50 pfennings. It is the richest collection of its kind in Germany, and contains arms and armour of ancient Germany, costumes and other objects of historical interest. Luther's drinking cup and sword; in the Hunting Room, the hunting-horn of Henry IV. of France; in the Battle Room, the armour of Gustavus Adolphus, which he left at Weissenfels before the battle of Lutzen, with his sword and baton of command, and the armour of John Sobieski in the Pistol Room, the pistols of Charles

XII. of Sweden and of Louis XIV.; in the Parade Room, the hat and sword of Peter the Great, a saddle used by Napoleon and the boots which he wore at the battle of Dresden.

The collection of porcelain on the lower floor contains 600,000 objects, classified in chronological order, from the earliest productions of Bottger to the modern products of the royal manufactory of Meissen. There is a rich collection of the porcelains of Sèvres, China, and Japan.

The Japanese Palace in the Neustadt, an edifice in the Dutch style, was built in 1715 for FieldMarshal Count Fleming. King Frederic-Augustus I. bought it in 1717, enlarged and embellished it, and used it as a summer residence. Frederic - Augustus III. presented it to the State; and it now contains several public collections; the Museum of Antiquities, Library, and a Collection of Porcelain and Terracottas. Attached to it is the magnificent Palace Garden, partly laid out as a French garden, and partly as an English park. From a small hill in it, an admirable panoramic view of Dresden and the banks of the Elbe may be had.

The Collection in the JAPANESE PALACE occupies twelve apartments of the ground-floor. It was founded in 1725 by Augustus I., who bought the collection of Prince Chigi, and it has been since augmented by the collection of Count Bruhl.

It contains busts of the sovereigns of Saxony, the Borghese Gladiator, the Amazon repaired by Thorwaldsen, Adrian as a Gladiator, and busts of many other Roman emperors and of mythological personages. The tenth saloon contains bronze figures and Egyptian antiquities; the eleventh, vases and other objects

in terra-cotta; the twelfth, Saxon antiquities.

The Royal Library occupies, on the second and third floors, three galleries and twenty-four saloons, and contains 300,000 volumes, 2,000 early editions of early printed works, 3,000 manuscripts, and a rich collection of geographical charts.

THE GRÜNE GEWOLBE, OR "GREEN VAULT," in the Royal Palace, is a collection of artistic objects, which is considered the richest of its kind in Europe. They amount in number to 3,000, and occupy eight saloons. In the first saloon are bronzes; in the second, ivory carvings; in the third, mosaics, shells, corals, &c.; in the fourth, objects of gold and silver; in the fifth, engraved stones and wood carvings; in the sixth, jewels, pearls, and sculptures, comprising more than 250 objects of great value. Of this number there are more than 100 carved in ebony and ivory; a pearl of the size of a hen's egg, representing the dwarf of Charles II. of Spain; pearls transformed into grotesque personages; a golden egg enclosing a golden fowl, a crown, a signet ring, and a diamond ring; a basket of flowers in enamel; an automaton spider; some vases of onyx; two bracelets ornamented with shell cameos; some pictures in enamel; in the seventh, objects in alabaster, wax and wood; in the eighth (the most interesting of all), arms, jewels, and other arcicles of value, especially the works of Dinglinger, a celebrated goldsmith of the 18th century. His most celebrated work is "The Court of the Great Mogul," a group in gold and enamel, upon a plate of silver four feet four inches square, of 321 persons. The artist, with his family and fourteen workmen, was occupied upon this work for eight years, during which time he

received as the price of his labour 58,400 thalers. Here is also the largest piece of onyx known, 63 in. by 24 in.

In this room is the Saxon Regalia, including the Electoral Sword borne by the Saxon princes at the coronations, and a large and costly collection of chains, collars, and orders formerly worn by the Saxon princes, including the Garter, the Golden Fleece, Polish Eagle, &c. One case is filled with sapphires, emeralds, rubies, and pearls, another with diamonds, among which is the famous green brilliant, weighing forty carats.

We

PUBLIC PROMENADES. have already mentioned the Bruhl terrace; the alleys which separate the town from the suburbs; the Botanical Garden and Japanese Palace Gardens, besides which is the GROSSE GARTEN, laid out in the 17th century, and embellished by Augustus II., being the most extensive public park in Saxony. It lost a great part of its statues in the wars of the present and last century. It is the principal pleasure-ground of the people of Dresden, containing several cafés and a summer theatre. The basin of the swans, and some groups and vases in marble, are noticeable.

ROUTE 131.

THE SAXON SWITZERLAND.

PLAN OF TOUR.-First day-Railway from Dresden, three quarters of an hour, to Potzscha, cross the river to

Wehlen, where guides and horses are to be had (guide, 4 marks per day, horse, 2 marks per hour), then by the gorge (Grund) of Wehlen to the Bastei, 1 hour, by Amselgrund to Hohenstein, 2 hours, and by Brand to Schandau, 3 hours. Second day-By carriage to the cascade of Lichtenhain, three quarters of an hour, then to the Kuhstall, half an hour, to the Grand Winterberg, 1 hour, to Prebischthor, 1 hour, to Herrnskretschen, 1 hour, then by steamer or rail to Königstein, then to Dresden.

INDER this name (in German, Sachsische Schweiz), is comprehended that part of the mountain district of Meissen which extends on both banks of the Elbe, from Liebethal to the frontier of Bohemia, and from Falkenberg to Schneeberg, occupying a surface of 23 German miles. These mountains are remarkable for their calcareous formations, which admit of much variety, and add to the picturesqueness of the country. The rocks are in part bare, in part their slopes are covered with foliage and firs. The highest summits are: on the left bank of the Elbe, the Zschirnstein, 1,870 ft.; the Hartenstein, 1,855 ft.; the Kotzstein, 1,572 ft.; the Königstein, 1,870 ft. Upon the right bank: the Grosse-Winterberg, 1,883 ft.; the Kleine- Winterberg, 1,640 ft.; the Prebisch Thor, 1,440 ft.; the Lilienstein, 1,368 ft.; the Falkenberg, 1,952 ft.; the Borsberg, 1,210 ft.

Saxon Switzerland is a favourite