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in 1728 in the reign of Charles IV. These four buildings form a square called the Franzensplatz. Charles IV. had conceived the idea of rebuilding the Palace after a magnificent plan of Fischer of Erlach, but this design was only carried out in the portion which contains the winter apartments, finished in 1735. The librarybuilding was added in 1729.

The cabinet of natural history was built in 1764, and rebuilt by Joseph II. The wing which contains the Knights' Hall was built in the reign of Francis I. in 1805.

The Leopold wing contains on the first floor, the apartments of the Emperor and Empress, which strangers are allowed to visit, in the absence of the court.

In the Swiss Court are the apartments of the Empress Dowager; the castle church; the cabinet and private library of the Emperor; and the treasure

chamber.

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other objects belonging to the King of Rome, Napoleon's son; a rich collection of diamonds, among others that of Charles the the Bold, weighing 133 carats; an emerald, cut into a box, weighing 2,780 carats; the Imperial collar of the Golden Fleece, composed of 150 brilliants; the decoration of Maria-Theresa, enriched with 548 diamonds; costumes of the 15th century; the sabre of Timour, &c.

With the regalia are preserved the sacred relics used at the coronation of the German Emperors, to wit: the holy spear, and nails of the cross, a tooth of John the Baptist, a piece of the coat of St John the Evangelist, three links of the chains of Saints Peter, Paul, and John; the arm-bone of St Ann, and a piece of the true

cross.

The Cabinet of Coins and Antiquities is exceedingly rich in objects of interest, amongst which are generally admired the famous salt-cellar of Benvenuto Cellini, described by him in his Life; and the cameo of Leda and the Swan, by the same artist.

The Imperial Arsenal, until 1848, occupied a large palace in the Rengasse, but was closed after the pillage by the insurgents in that year. The New Arsenal, one of the grandest buildings in Vienna, is outside the city near the BelvedereLinie barrier. It was commenced in 1849, finished in 1855, in the Anglo-Saxon style, and in the form of an oblong square. contains the Museum of Arms of all periods, and the manufactory of arms, artillery, and projectiles. Nine steam engines, and more than 2,000 men are employed in it. Open daily, except on Sundays and festivals.

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The two BELVEDERE palaces, in the Wieden, were built (16931724) for Prince Eugene of Savoy.

After the death of the Prince, the Emperor bought the Palaces and gardens. They are distinguished as the Upper and Lower Belvedere, separated by the garden. They contain the Imperial Mu

seums.

The PICTURE GALLERY in the UPPER PALACE, founded by the Emperor Maximilian I., enlarged by Rudolph II., and especially by Charles IV., contains nearly 1,800 pictures, and ranks as one of the most celebrated galleries in Europe. This collection comprises examples of all the schools: on the ground floor of Italian and Dutch; on the first floor of Italian, Spanish and Dutch; and on the second floor of the older and modern schools. Amongst the artists' names may be found those of Paul Veronese, Titian, Salvator Rosa, Giorgione, Tintoretto, Bassano, Caravaggio, Perugino, Carlo Dolce, Leonardo da Vinci, Andrea del Sarto, the Caracci, Correggio, Guido Reni, Rembrandt, Rubens, Van Dyck, Ruysdael, Wouvermans, Teniers and Ostade.

The LOWER BELVEDERE contains the collection of antiquities, consisting chiefly of Roman sculptures; and the Ambras Museum, brought from the Castle of Ambras, near Innsbruck, in the Tyrol, upon its temporary cession to Bavaria in 1805. The last-named contains many suits of armour of historical personages; portraits of illustrious characters of the 15th and 16th centuries, principally of the house of Hapsburg; objects of art, and illuminated manuscripts. The collection of armour is one of the most interesting in Europe, the finest suit being that of Alexander Farnese, with gilt reliefs on a black ground.

The ACADEMY OF FINE ARTS on the Burg Ring, opposite the Palace, is a splendid edifice in

the style of the Renaissance, finished in 1876, contains the collections of pictures, models of antique statues, &c., from the old Academy. The collection of pictures is very rich, particularly

in the works of the Flemish and Dutch masters. On the ground floor are studios for sculptors, and on the second floor studios for painters.

Among the private collections worth visiting is the gallery of Prince Liechtenstein, founded by Prince Adam Liechtenstein, who also built the palace. The latter contains works of Guido Reni, Correggio, Raphael, F. Francia, Sassoferrato, Giorgione, Caravaggio, Carlo Dolce, Van Dyck, Rubens, Rembrandt, Van der Helst, Jordaens, Ostade, &c.

Another valuable collection is that in the Harrach Palace, comprising 400 pictures. Still another is that in the Schoenborn Palace, in the Renngasse.

The UNIVERSITY has a larger number of students than any other in Germany. It was founded by Maria Theresa in 1756. It includes departments of theology, philosophy, law, and political economy. The school of medicine is justly celebrated.

Many of the gardens and public promenades will have been seen by the tourist in his visits to places alread mentioned, but we may specially mention the Garden of the Palace of Prince Schwartzenberg, one of the finest in Vienna, which is open to the public, as are also (in the absence of the prince) the apartments of the palace.

The new BOURSE on the Schotten Ring, open 1877, in the Renaissance style, is a splendid edifice.

The PRATER, the principal promenade of the Viennese, is a wood which occupies the south

eastern part of an island, in the Danube, to the north of the suburb of Leopoldstadt. It is divided into the upper and lower Prater. The high street of the Jagerzeile is the principal avenue which leads from the city to the wood. It terminates at a point called the Praterstern, and is continued across the wood to the Danube. From this point another avenue leads to the Lusthaus, a restaurant. Thence again, a bridge crossing the river leads to the race-course. The enormous edifice constructed for the WORLD'S FAIR of 1873 was in the Prater. The entrance was on the Great Avenue, about half a mile from the Praterstern. Amongst the STATUES and COмMEMORATIVE MONUMENTS are :The equestrian statue of Joseph III. on the Josephs Platz, erected in the reign of Francis I. The Emperor is represented on horseback, stretching out his hand and blessing his people.

The Franzen's monument, in the inner court of the Palace, was raised in 1846, by Ferdinand I. The granite is adorned with bronze bas-reliefs, representing Science, Coinage, Christian Art, Industry, Mining Science, Agriculture, Commerce, &c.; at the four angles are seated the statues of Religion, Fortitude, Justice and Peace. The pedestal supports the statue of the Emperor Francis, 17 ft. high.

The equestrian statue of the Archduke Charles, in the outer Burgplatz, was erected in 1860. The Archduke is represented at the battle of Aspern, at the moment when he lifts the flag to lead the Grenadiers to the attack. At the four angles of the pedestal are eagles with the Imperial cipher.

In the same place is the equestrian statue of Prince Eugene of Savoy.

In the Palace-park is the equestrian statue of the Emperor Francis I. of Germany, husband of Maria Theresa.

In the Volksgarten, opposite the castle, is the temple of Theseus, a reproduction of the temple of Theseus at Athens, built in 1823, after the designs of Nobile. It contains the colossal group in white marble of the combat of Theseus with the Minotaur, the chief work of Canova. Napoleon ordered this group for the City of Milan. It was afterwards purchased by the Emperor Francis.

The column of the Trinity, on the Graben-platz, was erected in 1679 by the Emperor Leopold I., on the cessation of the plague. The column, of white Salzburg marble, is 71 ft. high; on the pedestal is a rock supporting Religion; a cherub overthrowing the Monster of the plague; and some bas-reliefs representing episodes of Biblical history. On the summit of the column is the Emperor kneeling; and angels rising towards heaven, or the throne of the Trinity.

The monument in the Hohemarkt was erected in fulfilment of a vow of Leopold I. The Emperor had promised to erect this monument if his son Joseph returned safe from the war against France, and he did return as the victor of Landau. The Emperor

died before the fulfilment of his promise, but the Emperor Joseph caused the monument to be erected, after the designs of Fischer of Erlach, in wood. Charles VI., in 1732, had it executed in marble and bronze. It consists of a canopy supported by Corinthian columns, under which is a group representing the marriage of the Virgin.

Vienna has many fine fountains and bridges, none of which demand special description.

Since the disastrous campaign of 1859, and more especially since the terrible calamities suffered by the Imperial forces in the summer of 1866, the commerce and population of Vienna have increased to an extent that appears almost miraculous to those who were acquainted with the city 20 years ago. With its suburbs the Austrian capital numbers more than a million of inhabitants; its Opera House and Conservatoire are unrivalled in Europe; and the Rings, when completed, will be the finest streets in the world. The municipality does not, however, limit its enterprise to mere embellishment; it has recently undertaken a costly and magnificent system of water-supply, now being carried out; and has, moreover, with the aid of the Duchy of Nether-Austria, commenced the great work of regulating the Danube in such wise as to enable Vienna to receive and transmit an enormous quantity of raw produce and manufactured goods by water. Quays and warehouses form a part of this gigantic project, the inauguration of which took place a short time back in the presence of the Emperor.

The neighbourhood of Vienna, on the right bank of the Danube, is very charming. All the interesting points may be visited by omnibus or rail.

SCHONBRUNN, the Imperial summer palace, is situated at half an hour's distance south-east from Vienna. This palace, formerly a hunting lodge of the Emperor Matthias, was enlarged and finished in 1775 by the Empress Maria Theresa. Napoleon occupied it in 1805 and 1809; its apartments were more recently occupied by the Duke of Reichstadt, his son, who died there the 2d of July 1832. The fine double staircase, the theatre,

and the orangery of 740 trees, are remarkable. The palace contains 1,500 chambers; behind it extends the large park, open to the public. The grand parterre is adorned with 32 statues, and a large basin with two fountains in front of the principal façade. At the bottom of the park, on a hill, is the Gloriette, a colonnade which commands a charming view. There are also in the grounds a Roman ruin; and the Schöne Brunnen, or beautiful fountain, which gave the name to the palace, with a group representing an Undine, by Beyer, and the monument of Maria Theresa. A Zoological and a Botanic garden are connected with the park.

Across the park is the village of Hietzing, which contains a great number of villas and country houses, amongst others, the villa of the Duke of Brunswick; it also contains a theatre, and several public gardens. Near Schönbrunn is also the village of Penzing.

At Baden are some alkaline and sulphurous springs and baths, frequented from the middle of May to the middle of October.

LAXENBURG is an Imperial summer-palace, which is reached by a branch of the southern railway in of an hour. Its divisions are distinguished as the "old castle," dating from 1693; and the "new castle," or Blue House, from the 18th century. It was the favourite abode of Maria Theresa, Joseph II., Francis I., and is a residence of the present Emperor. The church contains a picture by Van Dyck, and in the apartments are admirable pictures by Canaletto, and a group of Meleager, by Beyer.

The large park is one of the finest in Europe, and is traversed by the River Schwechat, which forms a lake with several islands.

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Austria, and passing Hohenau, ascend the valley of the Thaya, and reach LUNDENBURG (52 miles). Here a branch line goes to Olmutz. On the left, near Saitz (61 miles), rises the lofty belvedere in the park of Prince Liechtenstein. Crossing the viaduct, we reach Raigern. Here is an ancient Benedictine monastery, founded in 1048 by Duke Bretislaw, with a handsome church, and a good library. BRUNN (95 miles). (Hotel: Grand Hotel.) This town, the capital of Moravia, is situated near the confluence of Schwartzawa and the Zwittawa. The Castle of Spielberg, now a prison, was the place of confinement of Baron Trenck and Silvio Pellico. Trenck died here in 1749. Pellico, with other Italian patriots, was confined here from 1822 to 1830. The the tomb of Baron Trenck. The Church of the Capuchins contains Dikasterial Gebaude, formerly an Augustine convent, is now a government office. The Moravian National Museum contains a library, and a collection of antiquities. Brunn is celebrated for

its extensive cloth manufactories.

Leaving Brunn, we pass some places of no interest, and reach Zwittau (139 miles), a walled town, having a considerable trade in cloth and linen. About 14 miles from Pardubitz (189 miles) is the field of Sadowa, the scene of the great battle fought in 1866 between the Prussians and Austrians. (Branch line to Koniggratz and Zittau.) Kolin (215 miles). On the right we see an obelisk raised in 1842 to commemorate a victory gained by the Austrians over the Prussians under Frederick the Great in 1757, during the Seven Years' War. Passing some other places of no interest, we reach

PRAGUE (256 miles) (Hotels: see "HOTEL LIST").

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