ground. Her hearing is very good, and her smelling so quick, that as soon as she came near me, she said I smelt very sweet, I having a pair of new gloves on that were not strong scented. Her eyes she complains of as failing her since her last sickness, which was an ague that seized her about two years since, and held her about a year; and yet she made a shift to thread a needle before us, though she seemed not to see the end of the thread very perfectly. She has as comely a face as ever I saw any old woman have, and age has neither made her deformed nor decrepit. The greatest part of her food now is bread and cheese, or bread and butter, and ale. Sack revives her when she can get it; for flesh she cannot now eat, unless it be roasting pig, which she loves. She had, she said, in her years, a good stomach, and ate what came in her way, oftener wanting victuals than a stomach. Her memory and understanding perfectly good and quick. Amongst a great deal of discourse we had with her, and stories she told, she spoke not one idle or impertinent word. Before this last ague she used to go to church constantly, Sundays, Wednesdays, and Saturdays; since that she walks not beyond her little garden. She has been ever since her being married troubled sometimes with vapours, and so is still, but never took any physic but once, about forty years since. She said she was sixteen in 1588, and went then to Worcester to see Queen Elizabeth, but came an hour too late, which agrees with her account of her age.'

In this part of the journal there is at length an account of Captain Wood's reasons for, and observations on, his attempt of the North-west passage in 1676; it was grounded on the opinion of one William Barants, a Hollander, who attempted the passage in 1605, and it was then thought that an open sea would have been found at the Pole. After giving the authority and information of several Dutch captains, &c., " upon these considerations he set out in the Speedwell with sixtyeight men and boys, and a pink, called the Prosperous, to attend her at the beginning of the voyage, May 28, 1676, from the buoy at the Nore; and on the 29th of June following, their ship split upon a ledge of rocks, at Nova Zembla, where they endured great hardships; being relieved and taken in by the Prosperous, they returned to the buoy at the Nore on the 23rd of August following."

*

"He (the Captain) conceives the Dutch relations are all false, lying pamphlets, and so also the relations of our own countrymen. He believes that if there be no land north of lat. 80, that the sea there is all frozen," &c. &c.

I shall conclude these extracts with the following little incident, belonging to an episcopal visitation in the century before the last.

"Monday, August 2nd, 1680. From Salisbury to Basingstoke, thirty miles; where being a visitation of the Bishops, Mr Carter, who found it a long time now to the next presentment, sat drinking with his churchwardens next chamber to me, and after drink had well warmed them, a case of doctrine or discipline engaged them in a quarrel, which broke out into defiance and cuffs, and about midnight raised the house to keep the peace, but so fruitlessly, that between skirmishing, parleys, and loud defiances, the whole night was spent in noise and tumult, of which I had more than sleep. In the morning when I rose all was quiet, and the parson a-bed, where he was like to be kept past his ale and sleep, his gown having more of the honour of a tattered colours than a divinity robe!"

The following directions appear to have been set down for some foreigner about to visit England. They are curious, as affording a comparison with the improvement of the present

time.

“ "ENGLAND.-1679.

"The sports of England, which, perhaps, a curious stranger would be glad to see, are horse-racing, hawking, and hunting. Bowling. At Marebone and Putney he may see several persons of quality bowling two or three times a week all the summer; wrestling, in Lincoln's Inne Field every evening all summer bear and bull-baiting, and sometime prizes, at the Bear-Garden; shooting in the long-bow and stob-ball, in Tothill Fields; cudgel-playing, in several places in the country; and hurling, in Cornwall.

the

"LONDON :-See the East India House, and their magazines; the Custom House; the Thames, by water, from

London Bridge to Deptford; and the King's yard at Deptford; the sawing-windmill; Tradescant's garden and closet; Sir James Morland's closet and water-works; the iron mills at Wandsworth, four miles above London, upon the Thames, or rather those in Sussex; Paradise by Hatton Garden; the glass-house at the Savoy, and at Vauxhall. Eat fish in Fish Street, especially lobsters, Colchester oysters, and a fresh cod's-head. The veal and beef are excellent good in London; the mutton better in several counties in England. A venison pasty and a chine of beef are good everywhere; and so are crammed capons and fat chickens. Railes and heath-polts, ruffs, and reeves, are excellent meat wherever they can be met with. Puddings of several sorts, and creams of several fashions, both excellent, but they are seldom to be found, at least in their perfection, at common eating-houses. Mango and saio are two sorts of sauces brought from the East Indies. Bermuda oranges and potatoes, both exceeding good in their kind. Chedder and Cheshire cheese.

"Men excellent in their Arts :

"Mr

"Mr Cox, in Long Acre, for all sorts of dioptrical glasses. "Mr Opheel, near the Savoy, for all sorts of machines. for a new invention he has, and teaches to copy all sorts of pictures, plans, or to take prospects of places.

"The King's gunsmith, at the Yard by Whitehall.

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Mr Not, in the Pall Mall, for binding of books. "The Fire-eater.

"At an ironmonger's, near the May-pole, in the Strand, is to be found a great variety of iron instruments, and utensils of all kinds.

"At Bristol see the Hot-well; St George's Cave, where the Bristol diamonds are found; Ratcliff Church; and at Kingwood the coal-pits. Taste there Milford oysters, marrow-puddings, cock-ale, metheglin, white and red muggets, elvers, sherry, sack (which, with sugar, is called Bristol milk); and some other wines, which, perhaps, you will not drink so good at London.

"At Glocester observe the whispering place in the Cathedral.

the

"At Oxford see all the colleges, and their libraries; schools, and public library; and the physic-garden. Buy

there knives and gloves, especially white kid-skin; and the cuts of all the colleges graved by Loggins.

"If you go into the North, see the Peak in Derbyshire, described by Hobbs, in a Latin poem, called 'Mirabilia Pecci.'

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Home-made drinks of England are beer and ale, strong and small; those of most note that are to be sold, are Lambeth ale, Margaret ale, and Derby ale; Herefordshire cider, perry, mede. There are also several sorts of compounded ales, as cock-ale, worm-wood ale, lemon-ale, scurvygrass ale, College-ale, &c. These are to be had at Hercules Pillars, near the Temple; at the Trumpet, and other houses in Sheer Lane, Bell Alley; and, as I remember, at the English Tavern near Charing Cross.

Foreign drinks to be found in England are all sorts of Spanish, Greek, Italian, Rhenish, and other wines, which are to be got up and down at several taverns. Coffé, thé, and chocolate, at coffee-houses. Mum at the mum houses, and other places; and Molly, a drink of Barbadoes, by chance at some Barbadoes merchants. Punch, a compounded drink, on board some West India ships; and Turkish sherbet amongst

the merchants.

"Manufactures of cloth, that will keep out rain; flannel, knives, locks, and keys; scabbards for swords; several things wrought in steel, as little boxes, heads for canes, boots, riding-whips, Rippon spurs, saddles, &c.

"At Nottingham dwells a man who makes fans, hatbands, necklaces, and other things of glass, drawn out into very small threads."

Locke arrived in London from the Continent on the 8th of May, as has been before mentioned. He had perhaps prolonged intentionally his residence at Paris, to avoid witnessing the folly and fury of his friends in England on the subject of the Popish Plot. It is indeed very probable that the two following reflections in his Journal, which he wrote whilst at Paris, were suggested by the state, I will not say of public opinion, but of public fury in England. His words are, Where power and not the good exercise of it give reputation, all the injustice, falsehood, violence, and oppression that attains that (power), goes for wisdom and ability;" and again, "Religions are upheld and factions maintained,

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and the shame of being disesteemed by those with whom one hath lived, and to whom one would recommend oneself, is the great source and direction of most of the actions of men."

On his return to England, this observation is found in his Journal.

" June 17th, 1679.-OPINION. A thinking and considerate man cannot believe anything with a firmer assent than is due to the evidence and validity of those reasons on which it is founded; yet the greatest part of men not examining the probability of things in their own nature, nor the testimony of those who are their vouchers, take the common belief or opinion of those of their country, neighbourhood, or party, to be proof enough, and so believe as well as live by fashion and example; and these men are zealous Turks as well as Christians."

It is evident from these notes, that the writer partook not of the popular phrensy which had so long prevailed in England, and had not as yet entirely subsided.

The same asthmatic complaint which had induced him to leave England in 1675, was now an obstacle to any longcontinued residence in London, and obliged him to pass the winter season for the most part either at Oxford or in the West. This absence must have been a subject of regret, since Shaftesbury, who had recalled him from France, was now either in power, or deeply engaged in the politics of that eventful period.

The events of Locke's life henceforward became so much connected with the history of the time, that it will be necessary to give a short outline of the political transactions which ended in the triumph of the Court, and enabled Charles II. to trample on the liberties of his country.

The Parliament which had originally been chosen in 1661, that pensioned Parliament as it was called, that obedient and subservient Parliament as it certainly was, beginning at last to manifest distrust of the King, was after a long life dissolved in December, 1678, and the next Parliament, which met in March, 1679, proving equally unmanageable, the King determined, by the advice of Temple, to call some of the popular leaders to his Council, of which Shaftesbury was made President. It did not escape the penetration of that great