much the richer. The French common soldiers all in new clothes: the coat and breeches of cloth almost white; red vests laced with counterfeit silver lace; as much as was seen, at least, was red cloth, though if one looked further, one should have found it grafted to linen; shoulder-belts, and bandeliers of buff leather, laced at their vests; red stockings, a new hat laced, adorned with a great white woollen feather—some were red; a new pair of white gloves with woollen fringe, and a new sword, copper gilt hilt; all which, I am told, with a coat of grey stuff to wear over it, cost forty-four livres, which is abated out of their pay; of which, all defalcations made, there remains for their maintenance five sous per diem. The soldiers, as I overtook them coming home to Paris, had most of them oiled hat cases, a part, I suppose, of their furniture, and coarse linen buskins, after the fashion of their country, to save their red stockings. The Swiss soldiers were habited in red coats and blue breeches cut after their fashion, with their points at their knees, and had no feathers. The pike-men of both had back and breast-plates; but the Swiss also had head-pieces, which the French had not. For the Swiss, the King pays each captain for himself, and all the men in his company, eighteen livres per mensem; the captain's profit lies in this, that he agrees with his officers as he can, and so with the soldiers, who have some ten, some fourteen livres per mensem, as they can agree.

The King passed at the head of the line as they stood drawn up; the officers at the head of their companies and regiments in armour, with pikes in their hands, saluting him with their pikes, then with their hats. He very courteously put off his hat to them again; so he did, when taking his stand they marched before him. He passed twice along the whole front forwards and backwards; first by himself, the Dauphin, &c. accompanying him; and then with the Queen, he riding by her coach side.

The sergeants complaining that their pay would not reach to make them so fine as was required, i. e. scarlet coats with true gold galloon; to make them amends for it, they were allowed to take more on their quarters. The French for excusing from quarters make them pay twenty-four, the Swiss but eighteen livres.

At Paris, the bills of mortality usually amount to 19 or 20,000; and they count in the town about 500,000 souls, 50,000 more than at London, where the bills are less. Quere, whether the Quakers, Anabaptists, and Jews, that die in London, are reckoned in the bills of mortality.

Exchange on London fifty-four pence five-eighths d'Angleterre, for one écu of France; so, with commission, &c., I received 1306 livres two sous for £100 sterling.

M. Toinard showed me a new system of our tourbillion, wherein the centre of the sun described a circle of the tourbillion, in which it made its periodical circuit, and Mercury moved about the sun as the moon does about the earth.

Pomey and Chauson were burnt at Paris about the year 64, for keeping a bawdy-house of Catemites. M. Toinard. February 13th. I saw the library of M. de Thou, a great collection of choice, well-bound books, which are now to be sold; amongst others, a Greek manuscript, written by one Angelot, by which Stephens' Greek characters were first made. There was also a picture of a procession in the time of the League, wherein the monks of the several orders are represented armed, as indeed they were. Here also I had the honour to see the Prince of Conti, now in his seventeenth year, a very comely young gentleman; but the beauty of his mind far excels that of his body, being for his age very learned. He speaks Italian and German as a native, understands Latin well, Spanish indifferently, and is, as I am told, going to learn English: a great lover of justice and honour, very civil and obliging to all, and desires the acquaintance of persons of merit of any kind; and though I can pretend to none that might recommend me to one of the first princes of the blood of France, yet he did me the honour to ask me several questions then, and to repeat his commands to me to wait upon him at his house.

Friday. The observation of Lent at Paris is come almost to nothing. Meat is openly to be had in the shambles, and a dispensation commonly to be had from the curate without difficulty. People of sense laugh at it, and in Italy itself, for twenty sous, a dispensation is certainly to be had. The best edition of the French Bible is that in folio, in two vols., Elzevir, but the notes are not very good. The best notes are

those of Diodati, and his Italian Bible is very good. Mr Justel.

They tell here, that the Bishop of Bellay having writ against the Capuchins, and they against him, Cardinal Richelieu undertook their reconciliation, and they both promised peace; but the Capuchins writing again under another name, the Bishop replied; so that the Cardinal, seeing him some time after, told him, that had he held his peace he would have canonized him. "That would do well," replied the Bishop, "for then we should each of us have what we desire; i. e. one should be a Pope, and the other a saint."

Cardinal Richelieu having given him the Prince of Balzac and the Minister Silhon to read (which he had caused to be writ, one as a character of the King, and the other of himself), demanded one day, before the King, his opinion of them; to which the Bishop replied, "Le Prince n'est pas grand chose, et le Ministre ne vaut rien !"

A devout lady being sick, and besieged by the Carmes, made her will, and gave them all: the Bishop of Bellay coming to see her, after it was done, asked whether she had made her will; she answered yes, and told him how; he convinced her it was not well, and she desiring to alter it, found a difficulty how to do it, being so beset by the friars. The Bishop bid her not trouble herself for it, but presently took order that two notaries, habited as physicians, should come to her, who being by her bed-side, the Bishop told the company it was convenient all should withdraw; and so the former will was revoked, and a new one made and put into the Bishop's hands. The lady dies, the Carmes produce their will, and for some time the Bishop lets them enjoy the pleasure of their inheritance; but at last, taking out the other will, he says to them, "Mes frères, you are the sons of Eliah, children of the Old Testament, and have no share in the New." This is that Bishop of Bellay who has writ so much against monks and monkery.

Il y a à Paris vingt-quatre belles maisons qu'on peut voir; Luxembourg

L'Hotel de Guise

de Soissons

de la Basinierre

de la Ferté

L'Hotel de Grammont

de M. Colbert

de la Vrillierre
de Mazarin

de Lyonne
Bretonvilliers
Justin

de M. Lambert
de Chaumont

de Lesdiguiers

de Conti

de Lamoignon
de Jars

de Turenne

M. Amelot Bisicul

M. de Boisfranc

de Vendome

d'Espernon

de Longueville.

The Memoires de Sully are full of falsities and self-flattery, so concluded by the company chez Mr Justel; the same which Mr Falayseau had before told me: those of the Duc de Guise, a romance; but those of Modena, concerning Naples, good.

I saw the Père Cherubin, the Capuchin so famous for optics, at least the practical part in telescopes, at his convent in the Rue St Honoré.

The Capuchins are the strictest and severest order in France, so that to mortify those of their order, they command them the most unreasonable things, irrational and ridiculous as to plant cabbage-plants the roots upwards, and then reprehend them, the planters, because they do not grow. As soon as they find any one to have any inclinations any way, as Père Cherubin in optics and telescopes, to take from him all that he has done, or may be useful to him in that science, and employ him in something quite contrary; but he has now a particular lock and key to his cell, which the guardian's key opens not.

This severity makes them not compassionate one to another, whatever they would be to others.

Within this year past, were bills set up about Paris, with

a privilege for a receipt to kill lice, whereof the Duke of Bouillon had the monopoly, and the bills were in his name. "Par permission et privilège du Roy, accordé à perpetuité à Monsieur le Duc de Bouillon, Grand Chambellan de France, par lettres patentes du 17 Sept. 1677, vérifiés en Parlement par arrêt du 13 Dec. au dit an, le publique sera averti que l'on vend à Paris un petit sachet de la grandeur d'une pièce de quinze sols, pour garantir toute sorte de personnes de la vermine, et en retirer ceux qui en sont incommodés sans mercure.

"Il est fait defense à toutes personnes de le faire, ni contrefaire, à peine de trois mille livres d'amende." Extrait de l'affiche.

At the seminary of St Sulpice, over the door opposite to the gate, is the Virgin, a child crowning her, and under her feet this inscription: Interveni pro clero.

The Protestants within these twenty years have had above three hundred churches demolished, and within these two months fifteen more condemned.

[During his residence at Paris, Locke made acquaintance with Mr Justel (whose house was then the resort of the literati of France), and with him he continued to correspond long after his return to England. He also formed an acquaintance with Mr Guenelon, the celebrated physician of Amsterdam, whose friendship was most useful some years afterwards, during his retreat in Holland. He became also intimately acquainted with Monsieur Toinard, the author of Harmonia Evangeliorum.

At the beginning of May, Locke left Paris, and arrived in the Thames on the 8th; he resided for some time at ThanetHouse in Aldersgate-street, Shaftesbury being then at the head of the English administration.

Before proceeding further, it will be proper here to insert the notes and dissertations on different subjects scattered at intervals through the Journal.]

KNOWLEDGE, ITS EXTENT AND MEASURE.

Quod volumus facile credimus.

Feb. 8, 1677.-Question. How far, and by what means, the will works upon the understanding and assent ?