cerning. For this spurious Alexander had his hands rough, by the labours he had been put to and instead of that softness of body which the other had, and this as derived from his delicate and generous education; this man, for the contrary reason, had a rugged body. When, therefore, Cæsar saw bow the master and the scholar agreed in this lying story, and in a bold way of talking; he inquired about Aristobulus, and asked what became of him, who was said to have been stolen away together with him and for what reason it was that he did not come along with him, and endeavour to recover that dominion which was due to his high birth also? And when he said, that he had been left in the isle of Crete, for fear of the dangers of the sea; that in case any accident should come to himself, the posterity of Mariamne might not utterly perish, but that Aristobulus might survive, and punish those that laid such treacherous designs against them. And when he persevered in his affirmations, and the author of the imposture agreed in supporting it, Cæsar took the young man by himself, and said to him, "If thou wilt not impose upon me, thou shalt escape with thy life. Tell me then, who thou art? and who it was that had boldness enough to contrive such a cheat as this? For this contrivance is too considerable a piece of villany to be undertaken by one of thy age." Accordingly, because he had no other way to take, he told Cæsar the contrivance, and after what manner, and by whom it was planned. So Cæsar, upon observing the spurious Alexander to be a strong active man, and fit to work with his hands, that he might not break his promise to him, put him among those that were to row among the mariners: but slew him that induced him to do what he had done. For as for the people of Melos, he thought them sufficiently punished in having thrown away so much of their money upon this spurious Alexander And such was the ignominious conclusion of this bold contrivance.

CHAP. XIII.

OF A SECOND ACCUSATION AGAINST ARCHELAUS; AND HIS BANISHMENT TO VIENNA.

WHEN Archelaus entered on his ethnarchy, and was come into Judea,* he accused Joazar the son of Boethus, of assisting the seditious; and took away the high-priesthood from him, and put Eleazar his brother in his place. He also magnificently rebuilt the royal palace that had been at Jericho, and he diverted half the water, with which the village of Neara used to be watered; and drew off that water into the plain, to water those palm-trees which he had there planted. He also built a village, and put his own name upon it, and called it Archelaus. Moreover he *transgressed the law of our fathers, and married Glaphyra the daughter of Archelaus; who had been wife of his brother Alexander; which Alexander had children by her; while it was a thing detestable among the Jews, to marry the brother's wife. Nor did this Eleazar abide long in the highpriesthood. Jesus, the son of Sie, being put in his room, while he was still living.

But on the tenth year of Archelaus's government, both his brethren, and the principal men of Judea and Samaria, not being able to bear his barbarous and tyrannical usage; accused him before Cæsar: and that especially because they knew he had broken those commands which obliged him to behave himself with moderation. Hereupon Cæsar was very angry; and called for Archelaus's steward, who took care of his affairs at Rome; and thinking it beneath him to write to Archelaus, he bade him sail away as soon as possible, and bring him to Rome,

*A. D. 1.

+ Spanheim seasonably observes here, that it was forbidden the Jews to marry their brother's wife, when she had children by her first husband: and that Zonoras cites or interprets the clause before us accordingly.

so the man made haste in his voyage; and when he came to Judea, he found Archelaus feasting with his friends. So he told him his errand, and hastened him away. And when he was come to Rome, Cæsar, upon hearing what certain accusers of his had to say, and what reply he could make, both banished him, and appointed Vienna a city of Gaul, to be the place of his habitation, and took his money away from him.

Now before Archelaus was gone up to Rome upon this message, he related this dream to his friends: that he saw ten ears of corn, full of wheat, perfectly ripe : which ears,as it seemed to him, were devoured by oxen. And when he was awake and gotten up, because the vision appeared to be of great importance to him, he sent for the diviners; whose study was employed about dreams. And while some were of one opinion, and some of another; (for all their interpretations did not agree,) Simon, a man of the sect of the Essenes, desired leave to speak his mind freely, and said, that the visions denoted a change in the affairs of Archelaus, and then not for the better: that oxen, because that animal takes uneasy pains in his labours, denoted afflictions: and indeed denoted farther, a change of affairs; because that land which is ploughed by oxen cannot remain in its former state. And that the ears of corn being ten, determined the like number of years; because an ear of corn grows in one year and that the time of Archelaus's government was over. And thus did this man expound the dream.Now on the fifth day after this dream came first to Archelaus, his steward arrived to summon him before Cæsar.

The like accident befell Glaphyra, his wife, who was the daughter of king Archelaus, who, as I said before, was married, while she was a virgin, to Alexander the son of Herod, and brother of Archelaus. But since it happened that Alexander was slain by his father, she married Juba, the king of Libya ; and when he was dead, and she lived in widowhood in Cappadocia with her father, Archelaus divorced his former wife, Mariamne, and married her; so great was his affection for this Glaphyra; who during her marriage to him saw the following dream. She thought she saw Alexander standing by her; at which she rejoiced, and embraced him with great affection; but

he complained of her, and said, "O Glaphyra! thou provest that saying to be true, which assures us, that women are not to be trusted. Didst not thou pledge thy faith to me? and wast not thou married to me, when thou wast a virgin? and had we not children between us? Yet hast thou forgotten my affection out of a desire of a second husband. Nor hast thou been satisfied with that injury thou didst me, but thou hast been so bold as to procure thee a third husband, and in an indecent and impudent manner hast entered into my house, and hast been married to Archelaus, my brother. However, I will not forget thy former kind affection for me; but will set thee free from every such reproachful action; and cause thee to be mine again as thou once wast." When she had related this to her female companions, in a few days' time she departed this life.

Now I did not think these histories improper for the present discourse both because my discourse now is concerning kings; and otherwise also on account of the advantage hence to be drawn, as well for the confirmation of the immortality of the soul, as of the providence of God over human affairs. But if any one do not believe such relations, let him enjoy his own opinion but let him not hinder another, that would thereby encourage himself in virtue. So Archelaus's country was added to the province of Syria: and Cyrenius, one that had been consul, was sent by Cæsar to take an account of the people's effects in Syria, and to sell the house of Archelaus.

THE

ANTIQUITIES

OF

THE JEWS.

BOOK XVIII.

Containing an Interval of Thirty-two Years.

FROM THE BANISHMENT OF ARCHELAUS, TO THE DEPARTURE OF THE JEWS FROM BABYLON.

CHAP. I.

OF THE TAXATION OF SYRIA AND JUDEA; AND THE APPOINT

MENT OF COPONIUS TO BE PROCURATOR OF JUDEA.
CONCERNING JUDAS OF GALILEE;

WERE AMONG THE JEWS.

ALSO AND THE SECTS THAT

NOW Cyrenius, a Roman senator, who had gone through other magistracies, till he had been made consul, and who, on other accounts, was of great dignity, came at this time into Syria, with a few others; being sent by Cæsar to be a judge of that nation, and to take an account of their substance. Coponius also, a man of the equestrian order, was sent together with him; to have the supreme power over the Jews. Moreover, Cyrenius came himself into Judea, which was now added to the province of Syria, to take an account of their substance, and to dispose of Archelaus's money. But the Jews, although at the beginning they took the report of a taxation heinously; yet did they leave off any farther opposition to it, by the persuasion of Joazar, who was the son of Boethus, and high-priest. So being over-persuaded by Joazar's words, they gave an ac