stituted authorities with the Vigilance Committee. Then he turned lawyer, and became a member of the legal firm of Sherman, Ewing, and McCook, at Leavenworth, in Kansas; in which he also seems to have succeeded. He then became superintendent of a new Academy, founded first at Alexandria, in Louisiana, under the designation of the 'Louisiana Seminary of Learning and Military Academy,' which opened Jan. 1, 1860. In this office he continued until the war, when, his sympathies being with the North, he resigned it, and soon after became president of a railroad in St. Louis. This continued but a short time, for he soon accepted a colonel's commission in the Northern Army. Very few men in the States continue in their original occupation. An American thinks himself qualitied for anything, and is often appointed from anything to anything. Very few Americans would hesitate to accept the command of the Channel Fleet' if they had not the knowledge, they could acquire it. Sherman was a very capable man, and did soon acquire some knowledge of both banking and law. Mr. The contribution of the book to history is of course restricted to General Sherman's personal experiences; but his important commands —first under General Grant, and then as his successor in the South-west; his command of a brigade at Bull's Run, which he describes as one of the best-planned battles of the war, but one of the worst fought; his part in the capture of Vicksburg; in that of Atlanta; and his brilliant march to the sea, and the capture of Savannah-were among the chief scenes and events of the war. A special value, too, attaches to this part of the work, from the thoroughly fearless and outspoken character of the author's criticisms. He is, on the whole, fair, but he does not fear to censure where he thinks censure deserved. Whether he is wise in assuming to pass judgment upon his contemporaries is another matter. Few of his coadjutors will accept his estimates. General Grant, for example, is said to have rubbed his eyes on reading his book, and to have remark ed, I am beginning to see that I had but little to do with the war.' It is amusing, how ever, to note how entirely ignorant of politics Sherman is. He does not see a barn-door when he is looking at it, but he is a thorough soldier. ficiently indicates a thorough and a very able apart from the special religious feeling excited The anecdotes of As an evangelist his success has been marvellous, and this as we think simply because such a man wields the most potent of all influences. Mr. Moody's youth are as characteristic as the achievements of his manhood. Mr. Daniels, a Chicago man, collected the materials for this memoir in Chicago, and a most remarkable The Chicago history is by far the story it is. most interesting part of the volume. men missionaries and martyrs are made. A more stirring biography, and one more likely to stimulate Christian zeal, has rarely been given to the world. Of such The Abode of Snow. Observations on a Journey from Chinese Tibet to the Indian Cancasus, through the Upper Valleys of the Himalaya. By ANDREW WILSON. William Blackwood and Sons. A lawyer of New York-one of the three months' volunteers, who were detained beyond their time through the peril of the crisis— It is no disparagement to the literary executold Sherman he was off to New York. The tion of his book, which is in every way able contagion of such an example would have been and interesting, that Mr. Wilson is exceptionfatal. 'If you attempt to leave without or- ally fortunate in his theme. He is not the ders,' said Sherman, it will be mutiny, and I first European who has travelled in the Upper will shoot you like a dog.' When, a few days Valleys of the Himalaya, but his predecessors later, President Lincoln visited the camp, the have been so few, that his narrative and delawyer complained that Sherman had threat-scription have the charm of a new revelation. ened to shoot him. Mr. Lincoln looked at him, and then at me, and stooping his tall spare figure towards the officer, said to him in a loud stage whisper, easily heard for some yards around, "Well, if I were you, and he threatened to shoot me, I would not trust him; for I believe he would do it." The book suf In 1841 Capt. Alex. Gerard published a very interesting account of Koonawur. In 1871 Capt. A. F. P. Harcourt published a description of the Himalaya districts of Kooloo, Lahoul, and Spiti. In 1862 the brothers Schlagintweit published Results of a scientific mission to India and High Asia. A journey which seldom proceeded on a level lower than 10,000 ft., and which not unfrequently attained a height of 16 or 18,000, must of necessity be rich in the sublimity of its scenes and the arduousness of its achievements; and when we remember the primitive appliances of Indian travel, and the entire dependence of the traveller upon Tibetan supplies and accommodation, clearly the narrative will not lack adventure or interest. It is sufficiently illustrative that the wife of the Moravian missionary, Mr. Pagell, at Pú, had seldom seen a European for ten years, and Pú was in a comparatively civilised part of Mr. Wilson's route. Mr. Wilson, who was out of health, sought the Himalaya partly as a sanatorium, although few healthy men, however robust and accomplished as mountaineers, will read his account of the passage of the great Schinkal and Omba passes, without feeling that they left nothing to be desired for even the foremost members of the Alpine Club. Before Mr. Wilson has done with us, he inspires us with something very like contempt for Mont Blanc. Mr. Wilson was clearly however inspired by the cacoethes of the explorer, and his achievement will not easily pass out of the records of travel. Of course he took tents, and such attendants and provisions as he could, but he had to be dependent chiefly upon such temporary aid and casual provisions as could be procured from the Tibetan hill men. It will suffice for an indication of his mountain route to say that he started from Masúri-nearly north of Delhi, 78 east long. and 30 north lat.-found his way to Simla, of which he takes occasion to furnish us with pen-and-ink sketches of some Indian notabilities, from Lord Northbrook downwards. From Simla he proceeded N. E. up the gorge of the Sutlej to Shipki, just over the boundary line of Chinese Tibet, from which he was forced to return, by the determination of the Chinese Government to prevent European travellers entering Tibet from India. Thence his course lay N. W. through Zanskar and Padam to the vale of Kashmír, his journey ending at the Kyber Pass on the borders of Affghanistan. It would be useless to attempt to convey any idea of the magnificent scenery which Mr. Wilson describes in every chapter, or to select details of his adventures and hardships on his perilous journey-traversing precipitous mountain-sides on mere ledges of rock; crossing rivers, which rolled thousands of feet below, on a jhula or twig bridge; crossing a glacier on a Tibetan pony, which achieved it by leaps over crevasses, like those of a chamois; or riding along the edge of a precipice dangling in a dandi or seated on a yak. The exciting narrative of travel, moreover, is filled in with great literary skill and ample information, with full accounts of the people and their government; the history and resources of the country; and all the collateral information of a well-instructed Indian civilian, whose literary culture moreover is indicated by his frequent allusions to the poets. Mr. Wilson is a Hindoostanee scholar, and puts us en rapport with both philology and history. He discusses the ་ metalliferous treasures of the mountains, and has curious things to tell us about the famous Tibetan formulary of prayer, Om Mani Padme Haun,' which is literally rendered, ‘O God! the jewel in the lotus, Amen ;' and is a kind of universal Paternoster, which by means of prayer mills is offered millions of times in a few minutes. He gives also information concerning the Tibetan custom of polyandry, which he tells us is practised by thirty millions of people; but which seems to be restricted to the brothers of a family, and to have had its origin in a Malthusian policy. The surplus women are provided for in Lama nunneries. The description of the famous vale of Kashmir is very full and exceedingly interesting. Few books of modern travel have made a more distinct addition to our knowledge, or sustain the interest of the reader so continuously and in so high a degree. The Inner Life of Syria, Palestine, and the Holy Land. From my Private Journal. By ISABEL BURTON. With Map, Photographs, and Coloured Plates. Two Vols. Henry S. King and Co. Mrs. Burton's two volumes are of very unequal value. For the first we have not only words of almost unqualified praise-we deem it a distinct and valuable contribution to our knowledge of Oriental life; for although there may be in it nothing that we have not known before, it combines innumerable minute particulars into a vivid picture, drawn by one to whom they are familiar through prolonged and unrestricted intimacy. Captain Burton was from 1870 to 1874 British Consul in Damascus, where his exceptional abilities, his familiarity with Oriental languages, and his great reputation as a traveller-especially as having made the pilgrimage to Mecca-gave him special opportunities of seeing and judging Oriental life. Mrs. Burton accompanied him in various expeditions, and had access to the Harems of Syrian families, which her special knowledge of the vernacular and of the East generally enabled her intelligently to appreciate. As the result, her book, like those of her husband, contrasts very vividly with the books of ordinary cursory travellers. It is really a valuable contribution to our knowledge. It is however too diffuse; episodes are introduced that a more practised pen would have excluded. Life is short, and two closely-printed octavo volumes are a somewhat formidable task. The book is better in its several pictures than as a whole. Mrs. Burton seems to have grown to a genuine love of Syrian life, both in its rural and its civic aspects. Her country residence was at Bludan, twenty-seven miles from Damascus, so that not only does Mrs. Burton give us details of Damascus life, but also of village life in the mountains, and of the valley of Zebedani generally, more minute and vivid than we have heretofore possessed. Assuming our utter ignorance, she is most elementary and minute in information. She tells us about shopping, and family life, dancing, singing, the Hammam, receptions, evenings in harem, manners, characters, the customs, and a thousand details, which make up a very effective picture, but which cannot be quoted within our limits. Besides the Inner Life of Syria,' she tells us a great deal about the outer life, which other travellers have also seenabout populations, creeds, factions, government intrigues, journeyings (including expeditions to Palmyra, Baalbek, and Jerusalem), &c., which are full of interest. Mrs. Burton can ride, shoot, swim, 'doctor,' administer justice, and quell Bedawin. Her narrative affirms the inspiration in the people of a devoted affection, because of her benevolence and sympathy, which we have no reason to doubt; but the impression which it produces is of a strong-minded woman, who must have been a great puzzle to both sexes in the East, and upon whom consular duties might very easily have been devolved. Her self-estimates, and her estimates of her husband, are restrained by no unseemly bashfulness. Clearly there never was such a consul, and never such a consul's wife; nor did any consular pair ever receive so many ovations or win so much affection. Her redeeming virtue is that she worships her husband. I gave my usual answer to everything he says or does-"All right; wherever you lead I'll follow." Captain Burton has no chance of rising to his proper position; he is much too good; the "light of God" is upon him.' In a less experienced woman of the world we should call this naïveté; concerning Mrs. Burton we are constrained to say, 'She doth protest too much.' Notwithstanding these and some other defects, we must pronounce the first volume to be one of the most vivid and interesting contributions to our knowledge of the people of Syria that we pos sess. 6 from the crescent of a hill as she approached it from Jaffa, and of 'gazing upon it with her face to the Sepulchre.' Every one who has visited Jerusalem knows that, approached from the west, the first view of the city is simply of a blank wall seen from a lower level, and that the city itself cannot be seen until within its walls. Concerning Captain Burton's recall, we are incompetent to form any judgment, although we may venture to express a very deep regret that, for any reason whatever, the services of a man so exceptionally familiar with the East should be lost to it and to our interests there, especially in these critical years of weak, corrupt, and oppressive Turkish rule. A Yachting Oruise in the South Seas. By C. F. WOOD. With Six Photographic Illustrations. Henry S. King and Co. There is really very little left to be said about the South Seas by the casual traveller. Not to speak of exhaustive accounts by missionaries, we have recently had the picturesque and graphic volume of Miss Bird, and very shortly before that the Life of Bishop Patteson, so that we seem to know the South Seas very well. Mr. Wood, under the necessity, we suppose, of saying something with a smack of novelty (for he ran with his yacht hurriedly from island to island, and could not have made himself very intimately acquainted with the places or the people), has been led to give forth a very uncertain sound about missionary effort in the South Seas. He cannot see that the European missionaries have done much good in Melanesia, because as yet the bulk of the poor people do not accommodate themThe second volume, which is occupied with selves to European ways and European clothan account of a journey to Jerusalem, and with ing-things at which missionaries, Bishop Pata vindicatory statement of Captain Burton, teson among them, never aimed; and notwithrelative to his recall by Lord Granville, is of standing that he received much kindness from little interest or value. Not only is it desti- the missionaries, he declares they are sadly tute of those details of inner life which give out of place, because it is inevitable that its interest to the first volume, but its ordinary their wives must pine in such a climate, and journal-records of things seen are mixed up their children be corrupted amid such surso indiscriminately and credulously with fool-roundings, and they themselves thus rendered ish legends that it is weak even to fatuousness. Mrs. Burton is an intense, we should say almost a fanatical, Roman Catholic, or else she could hardly have written,-‘Every empire, city, town, or village that sends away its Sisters of Charity must have a serious moral disease-that of wanting to cast off its God'— which puts Geneva in a bad case, for it has just suppressed the convents of the Sisters of Charity; or say, 'To those who were incurable, especially children, I gave the only benefit in my power-I baptized them. I never use my water-flask till the last moment, as I know that who is born in a faith will live in it. But when the last moment arrives, I endeavour to give to all our hope of heaven.' Mrs. Burton is great in visions and dreams. One chapter is filled with the account of a wild, mystical vision, and we have shorter accounts of two or three more. One or two things make us suspect the accuracy of her descriptions; e.g., she speaks of seeing Jerusalem beneath' her unable to do their work properly. Now, not to speak of the taste of this from one who acknowledges having received kindness and hospitality from these very men, it needs to be remarked that Mr. Wood could never have been in a position to recount such pleasant travels but for these very missionaries and their work; and that but for them the native missionaries, whose influence he magnifies, never could have had any. Besides, every missionary society has it in view gradually to educate native teachers and preachers; but about the best time to turn over the Churches to their charge there is as yet difference of opinion, as he will find by reference to Miss Bird's book. Mr. Wood has contrived to give some good descriptions of some of the New Hebrides Islands, and has thrown in some specimens of the South Sea folk-lore which are admirable. But his book wants proportion and artistic finish: its circulation can be but slight, and its influence but short-lived. Pilgrim-Memories; or, Travels and Discussions in the Birth-Countries of Christianity, with the late Henry Thomas Buckle. By JOHN S. STUART-GLENNIE, M.A., Barristerat-Law. Longmans and Co. Though we respect the evident earnestness and honesty of Mr. Stuart Glennie, we sympathise the less with his philosophy the more we come to understand it. It is coldly intellectual, over-ambitious, and is marked by that fatal egotism which seems to narrow the view in certain directions the greater the effort that is made to hold heights that the soul is competent to win.' Because on one side mist has gathered round Mr. Glennie on the shelf he has taken for his hill-top, as mists will gather, that is enough for him to deny the existence of anything beyond the mist, and he turns away, peering along the narrow vista that is clear to him, and wishes to demonstrate to us that within it lies all we can know or need to know, or even to be interested in. He is eager to reduce all to system, and that is enough to put us on our guard. He will solve the painful riddle of the earth' through reconciling the inductive and deductive methods by a coup de main of logic; he will remarry Kant and Hume; find the synthesis of idealism and materialism; give, in fact, the unity of all previous philosophies, and so exhibit and verify a true law of history. One result of which will be that Christianity will be demonstrated to have no miraculous basis, that it is but the natural and necessary development of the religious principle, and that all of an ethical basis that it has is the personal character of its Founder; though Mr. Glennie, like others, forgets that Christ's claim to have wrought miracles invalidates the very sanction of that personal morality, on the ground of which such thinkers would justify His place in the development of the religious principle. But we do not mean it to be inferred that Mr. Glennie is not a bold and a vigorous thinker. He is too bold, and too much inclined to repose in mere logical completeness, and lacks too much the imagination and vis vitæ, to influence any save a very special class, and herein lies our safety from such as he. He is always planning; like Hegel's Absolute, his philosophy is a constant Becoming; he presents us with broken sections, and renews his promises, which open out a prospect of wideswelling prose and verse, such as he will be a happy man should he ever live to traverse it. This bock, although it is one of the pleasantest and most suggestive we have read for long, exhibits very signally Mr. Glennie's characteristic merits and defects of character. He does not philosophise more than is agreeable, and then for most part there is the relief of discussion. Certain unexpected circumstances led to Mr. Glennie being the companion of the Historian of Civilization in that journey through Egypt, the Desert of the Exodus, and the Holy Land, in returning from which he died; and the two pilgrims (!), as they go, turn away their eyes from the most noted points, so as not to raise the spectre of the miraculous more than they can help, and find adequate compensation in friendly discussions on the Law of History, the place of the moral forces in the law of averages, and so on. These discussions are always informing, and are balanced very skilfully by incidents and bits of description, so that among Mr. Glennie's books this has most breadth of human interest. And this is increased by the almost tragic attitudes in which the great historian, in the confession of his belief in a 'memoried personal immortality,' repeatedly found himself by the side of his chosen companion. We spoke of the egotism and coldness which mark much of Mr. Glennie's writing. What better proof could we have of it than is found in the following:- Mr. Buckle [brooding over the hope of a personal reunion with the mother he had lost] set forth in eloquent and flowing language the ground of his belief in a memoried personal immortality, but not finding that I considered his arguments conclusive, he suddenly expressed himself unable to discuss the subject, and with an abrupt "good-night,” retired to his tent-leaving me, however, not without increased liking for the man who thus revealed such depth of feeling in the passionate hope of rejoining a beloved and recently lost mother.' And then Mr. Glennie, since Mr. Buckle could not bear tc argue the subject, proceeds to argue it out for our benefit, and in a manner such as would almost make a sensitive 6 soul shudder at the name of logic. We know not which most to admire, Mr. Glennie's philosophic equanimity, which enabled him to argue and to analyse the feeling, as he did under the eastern sky, or the wholly matterof-fact, and as it would seem vigorously unconscious way in which he tells us of the whole affair in this volume. To the curious student of character it will be found very suggestive-more suggestive, probably, than Mr. Glennie foresaw. 'Preaching down a daughter's heart' may now have parody in arguing down a philosopher's emotion.' But after all philosophising, the heart does count for something, and we may well be grateful to Mr. Glennie for so fully and touchingly giving us Mr. Buckle's testimony. 'Wonderful it seemed to me,' says Mr. Glennie, that any one acquainted with the facts of existence could dare to make so much of himself as to found an argument for the truth of his belief on his inability to stand up and live, were he to find it false. could such an assumption be admitted, save we found, as we certainly do not find, that the "forecasts of the affections" are identical, universal, and never self-delusive? As if such inability, however painful to him, Poor Mr. could matter to the Universe.' Buckle, wandering there, with Death felt to be daily drawing nearer him,' no wonder he was unable to argue it, and retired suddenly to his tent, leaving Mr. Glennie alone under the eastern stars! How It must be frankly owned, however, that in spite of this overweeningly egotistic and coldly logical note, and of an irreverence and coarseness approaching to blasphemy, the hardly those of luxurious Englishmen. A volume is full of strong and suggestive writ- sharp line of demarcation divides the Portuing. It shows rare courage, too, in never guese from the Spanish. They are,' said a stopping short for fear of any logic' of pub- Portuguese gentleman to Mr. Latouche, like lic opinion. Mr. Glennie goes on his way re- two men sitting back to back to each other, gardless of the impression he may produce, who will never turn their heads.' No influand would not pause even for the Laureate's ences seem likely to modify the inherent and verse, beginningtraditional antipathy of the two races. 'Leave thou thy sister when she prays.' The book is full of interest, made up of those minute traits and bits of description and folk-lore which do not admit of brief quotation. Mr. Latouche is a keen observer, and looks upon things with a cultured intelligence. No reader is likely to lay down the it will fail of deriving from it really valuable information. We are requested to state that its contents originally appeared in the 'New Quarterly Magazine.' The manner in which he finds illustration of his views from distant points is remarkable. Hegel and Moody and Sankey are found to illustrate one great idea of histhough we cannot understand how a gentle-book without finishing it, and none who read man could lend himself to libel, as at a certain page he has done of the latter. Innuendo would perhaps have served his purpose as well, and it is to his credit that he does not cultivate that expedient. Only let him beware, for philosophic clearness may not save him from the distractions of an action for damages if he should persevere in this line. Travels in Portugal. By JoHN LATOUCHE. With Illustrations by the Right Hon. T. SOTHERON ESTCOURT. Ward, Lock, and Tyler. Rambles in Istria, Dalmatia, and Montenegro. The author's book is the result of accident. He proposed a tour to the Crimea and the Caucasus. At Pesth, he found the cholera raging in the lower Danube. The prospect of eleven days' quarantine frightened him. He went to Trieste, and soon found himself committed to the route along the eastern coast of the Adriatic, which he here describes. The book is written in a pleasant, intelligent way, although the leaf is beaten out somewhat thinly, and the author has pretty confident opinions about all matters social and political. In all the higher qualities of a book of travel, and for the more valuable purposes which a book of travel should serve, we scarcely remember meeting with a more excellent work than this. Books like Eothen' are more brilliant; other books may be more elaborately statistical or historical; but for the combination of literary skill, descriptive His impressions of Dalmatia are very pleapower, and solid and varied information, Mr. sant and hopeful. He thinks, with reason, Latouche has not often been surpassed. The that our migratory countrymen who have interior of Portugal is but little known to or- used up the rest of the world may find much dinary Englishmen. It has not the historical, to interest them in Dalmatia. It is very acthe antiquarian, or the romantic interest of cessible-only five days from Temple Bar. It Spain. It has no Alhambra, or Cordova, or is easily compassed-twenty-four days sufficSeville; it is difficult to excite an interest in ing for seeing what he here describes. It is it, and yet it has a picturesqueness of its own not expensive; and it furnishes great attracoften both grand and charming, and a heroictions to the sportsman. The prince of Monhistory of which it may well be proud. Mr. | tenegro is anxious to include his country Latouche entered Portugal at Vigo, its north- within the playground of Europe, and espewest corner, and journeyed along the western cially to attract to it English tourists. He coast, making excursions into the interior, offers them the choice of game, from an down to Lisbon. He gives us, moreover, the eagle to a blackbird, and from a bear to a kind of information which enables us to un- squirrel.' Our author is very strong about derstand a country and people, and not its the misrule of the Turk, draws a vivid conshow-places merely. Lady Jackson, in her trast between the Christian and the MussulFair Lusitania,' restricts herself to towns man banks of the Danube, and in no measurand highways of travel, and, pleasant as her ed language expresses his hope that speedily book is, she contributes to our information the last Turk will be driven across the Asiasimply nothing. Mr. Latouche sedulously tic boundary-line, and the millions of their avoids beaten tracks, goes into the villages wretched Christian subjects liberated. He and mountains, buys his own horse, takes thinks that a common language should unite, country guides, and has a decided preference and will unite, the peoples of European Turfor out-of-the-way places; which, as he key, Roumania included; but must not Ausseems to be well acquainted with Portuguese, tria surrender Dalmatia, the natural seaboard is fruitful of a good deal of legendary matter, of Croatia? The author not only recondescriptions of aborigines, and social por- structs the map of Europe-which it is easy traiture, both piquant and valuable. Those enough to do-he not obscurely indicates the who have not these qualifications and tastes monarch of this reconstructed Christian emare fairly warned off the country, for Portu- pire, whom he has found in Prince Nicholas gal is not an attractive field for mere plea- of Montenegro. There can be no doubt sure-seeking tourists. He admires the coun- about the desirableness of the consummation, try and praises the people, but their ways are whether the right man be indicated or not. |