adversaries. Falling rapidly back from Banks, and burning the bridges over the Shenandoah, so that Fremont and McDowell's forces-the latter under Shields-could not unite, he reached a point within striking distance of each, and fell upon them at Cross Keys (June 8) and Port Republic (June 9) in rapid succession, gaining an additional victory in each instance. Before his bewildered antagonists awoke to a realization of what had happened, Jackson had slipped out of the valley in safety, with all the spoils of his victories, and was on his way to join Lee in the Seven Days' battles, having in three months marched four hundred miles, defeated four armies, captured thirty-five hundred prisoners, and with forces at no time exceeding seventeen thousand, had occupied the attention of sixty thousand.

which McClellan was hammered and driven from point to point, and only upon the. last day at Malvern Hill, when under the shelter of his gunboats, did he succeed in checking the victorious advance of Lee. But the PENINSULA CAMPAIGN was a disastrous failure. McClellan's army returned to Washington, and Richmond was saved.

An

Halleck now arrived from the West and assumed charge of Federal military operations. Another army was organized, and under General John Pope took the field. advance division of his army under Banks was met by a part of Lee's army under Jackson, at CEDAR MOUNTAIN, not far from Culpepper Courthouse. A rapid and severe engagement followed, in which the Confederates were victorious (August 9). Jackson then gained the rear of Pope's main army and captured many of his stores at Manassas. The Union commander was compelled to face about and return. A battle occurred in which Jackson held his own until General Longstreet, with another portion of Lee's army arrived, and though the combined forces numbered but forty-nine thousand, and Pope's army seventy

thousand, the latter was forced from the field (August 30) by skillful and timely combinations on the part of the Confederates. This brought the third campaign against Richmond to an unsuccessful end.

Lee now determined to transfer the war to Northern territory. His army advanced northward in three divisions, under Generals Jackson, LONGSTREET, and D. II. HILL, while the Confederate cavalry was led by General J. E. B. STUART, one of the most famous cavalry leaders of the war. McClellan was again placed in command of the Northern army, and he hastily made a disposition of his forces to meet the Confederate advance. Lee crossed the Potomac into Maryland, sending Jackson to HARPER'S FERRY, where a Federal force of thirteen thousand was stationed. Jackson laid siege to the place, and perfecting his plans, stormed and captured it, taking the whole garrison prisoners (September 15), General D. H. Hill at SOUTH MOUNTAIN (September 14) having delayed reinforcements from advancing to the assistance of the town sufficiently long to enable Jackson to consummate its capture. The opposing forces of Lee and McClellan met at ANTIETAM Creek, near Sharpsburg, Md. The attack came from the Federals and was stubbornly met. At one time Federal troops on the right were swept from the field, but were reinforced; at another the Confederate line was broken, but the

LEADER.

Washington Artillery of New Orleans and Boyce's South Carolina Battery defended the gap successfully (September 17). The next day Lee awaited another attack, but none came. To have re

mained longer would have en

abled McClellan to gather fresh reinforcements; so on the day following Lee, recrossed the Potomac, and, unmolested, returned to Virginia. As a battle, Antietam was indecisive; as a campaign, Lee's march into Maryland was a failure.

McClellan was deprived of command for the second time, and under GENERAL AMBROSE

GEN. AMBROSE E. BURNSIDE.
(FEDERAL).

E. BURNSIDE the heavily reinforced army of the North advanced for the fourth time to take Richmond. Lee and

Burnside met at FREDRICKSBURG (December 13), and again the Union forces sustained a terrible defeat. Burnside was superseded by GENERAL JOSEPH HOOKER. With an army of one hundred and thirty thousand, the Union commander advanced, confident that the fate of his predecessors was not to be his. A part of his forces under GENERAL SEDGWICK crossed the Rappahanock at Fredricksburg to occupy the attention of Lee, stationed there with sixty thousand men to meet the Union advance. The main

THE NIGHT BEFORE CHANCELLORSVILLE--LAST MEETING OF LEE AND JACKSON.

body crossed the Rappahanock some miles further up, and took position at a place called CHANCELLORSVILLE.

The design of Hooker was to surround and destroy Lee's army. Cavalry under General Stoneman was sent toward

Death of Stonewall Jackson. Although the Confederate successes of the Chancellorsville campaign were brilliant in the extreme, they nevertheless proved dearly bought victories. Jackson's attack upon Hooker's right flank ended at twilight, and he rode forward with several members of his staff to reconnoitre. Returning, they were in the gloom mistaken for Federal cavalry, and a body of Confederate soldiers fired upon the returning party. Jackson received a wound that directly afterwards hastened his death. Surrounded by weeping friends and relatives, the illustrious soldier passed away (May 10). His thoughts were with his men to the last, and in his delirium he fought his battles ancw: "Order A. P. IIill to prepare for action." "Pass the infantry to the front!" "Tell Major Ilawks to send forward provisions for the men!" issued from his lips at intervals. "Let us cross over the river and rest under the shade of the trees!" were the last words he uttered before he himself crossed the dark river that separates this life from the beyond. His loss

Gordonville to cut off its probable line of retreat. A daring plan, however, was conceived by Jackson, and its execution authorized by Lee. In place of attacking Fredricksburg, as the Union general confidently expected, Jackson with his

GEN. STONEWALL" JACKSON.
(CONFEDERATE).

was irreparable to the Confederacy.
A man of pure and spotless character,
the North and South unite in honor-
ing his memory. His life was given
to the service of his State. As a
teacher, he instructed her youth in
her military institute at Lexington.
As a patriot, he hastened to her
defense at the first indication that
she was to be attacked. As a devout
Christian, he never failed to render
to the Almighty the prayerful tribute
of a strong and earnest nature, after
every battle. As a general, he inspired
unlimited confidence in the hearts
of his men, and they had come to
believe that where he was defeat could
not be. As a military genius, he
stands next to Lee.

division of the army,

made a wide detour; his movements concealed by dense forests and shrub. bery surrounding Chancellorsville. Coming upon the right flank of

Hooker's

army-the side furthest

from

away Fredricksburg-he

fell upon General Howard, who commanded that part cf the field. The surprise was complete. Nothing could stay the resistless energy with which the Confederate ranks emerged from the woods and advanced upon the Union works, and Howard was driven back in confusion. The