Bankruptcy bill in England, 545.

Bannockburn, battle of, 267

Bar, confederacy of, 411.

Bar, duchy of, 898.

397, 398.

Belisarius, 174, 190.

Bellona, 84.

Belshazzar, 16.

Bem, Polish general, 495, 496.

Aragon, 240.

Bardija, 27.

Bates, trial of, 340.

Batoum, Russians attack, 523; ceded to
Russia, 524.

Batthyanyi, count, 494, 496.
Batu, 240.

Baum, colonel, 429.
Bautzen, battle of, 476.

Bavaria, Bavarians, duchy established, 185;
growth of power, 194; granted to Otto of
Nordheim, then to Welf, 199; Henry the
Proud dispossessed, 219; Henry the Lion
reinstated, 221; given to Otto of Wit-
telsbach, 222; duke Maximilian, 309;
war of Spanish succession, 390; extinc-
tion of electoral house, war of Bavarian
succession, 406; to be exchanged for
Netherlands, 408; allied with Napoleon,
467; with Austria, 478; allied with Aus-
tria in Austro-Prussian war, 507; joins
Prussia in the Franco-German war, 514;
vote in Bundestag, 520.
Baxar, battle of, 444.
Bayard, chev., 302, 318.
Bayonne decree, 550.

Bazaine, marshal, at Metz, 514, 516; sur-
renders Metz, 518; trial, 533.
Beachy Head, battle of, 387.

Beaconsfield, lord (Disraeli), sketch of life,
543; chan. of exch., 543; premier, 545;
545.

raised to peerage,
Beaufort, cardinal, 271.

Beaune la Rolande, battle of, 518.
Beausejour, 421.

Becket, Thomas, archb. of Canterbury,
231; murdered, 232.

Bedford, d. of, 260.

Bedford, ministry of, 438.

Bedloe, 381.

Beheim, Martin, 280.

Bel, 12, 13.

Belfort, battle of, 519.

Belgii, 37; subjugation of, 138.

Belgium, Belgians, 34; annexed to France,
53; revolution of 1830, 489; conflict
with papacy, 5

Benedict, popes, V., 176; IX., 199; XI.,
254; XIII., 251; deposed, 252.

Benedek, general, 508, 509.

Beneventum, battle of, 108; (Manfred),

226.

Bengal, 22; Muhammedan sultans in, 353;
British in, 443.

Bennington, battle of, 429.

Bentinck, earl of Portland, 386.

Bentinck, lord William, gov. gen. in India,
541.

Berengar II. (of Ivrea), 195.

Berezina, passage of the, 475.
Berg, grand duchy of, 468, 478.
Bergen, 405.

Bergerac, peace of, 322.

Berkeley, lord, grant in America, 358.
Berkeley, sir William, 358.

Berlin, in Hanseatic league, 249; univer-
sity founded, 471; conflicts in the streets,
492; peace of, 401; truce of, 496; con-
gress of, 524; conference of, 525.
Berlin decree, 537, 550.

Bermudas, 292.

Bernadotte, on middle Rhine, 460; on up-
per Danube, 467; crown prince of Swe-
den, 473; acts with allies, 476, 477.
Bernard, a. of Clairvaux, 214.
Bernard, gov. of Mass., 424.
Berne, joins Swiss confederacy, 248; ob-
tains the Waadtland, 327; confederate
council in, 492.

Bernhard, of Ascania, 222; k. of Italy,
186; d. of Saxe-Weimar, 312, 313.
Bernicia, 178.
Bernstorff, c., 409.

Berry, d. of, murdered, 527.
Berthier, prince of Neuchâtel, 468.
Berthold of Zähringen, receives Carinthia,
199; aids Lothar, 218.

Berwick, English, 268; capture of, 264, 274;
treaty of, 338; parification of, 345.
Berwick, marshal, 445.

Bessarabia, ceded by Russia, 501; taken
back in treaty of San Stefano, 523; in
congress of Berlin, 524.
Bessus, the satrap, 29, 74.
Bestushef, 411.

Bethlen Gabor, pr. of Transylvania, 39,
310.

Beust, v., 511.

Beziers, storm of, 227.

Bhartpur, battle of, 541.

Biarni, discovers America, 281.

Bible, translated by Luther, 302; English
translation completed, 341.

Bibracte, battle of, 138.

Bídar, kingdom of, 353; conquered by Au-
rangzeb, 389.

Bijapur, kingdom, 353; annexed to Mughai
empire, 389.

Bill of Attainder, last used, 388.

Bill excluding bishops from House of
Lords, 347.

Bill of Rights, 386.

Charles I., 350.

Birger Jarl, 237.
Birkebenerne, 238.

Biron, 410, 411; invested with Curland, 414.
Birthen, battle of, 195.
Biscop, Benedict, 180.

Bismarck, count v., early life, 504; char..
of the confederation, 511; negotiations
with Favre, 517; chan. of the empire,
520; at congress of Berlin, 524; at Vien-
na, 525; defeated in Reichstag, 526.
Bithynia, subjugated by Alyattes of Lydia,
21; kings of, 78; war with Mithridates,
129; bequeathed to Rome, 134, 135.

Bla, Lydian goddess, 21.

Black Death, in England, 268, 269 ;
France, 258.

Black Hole of Calcutta, 443.

Bladud, 37.

Blake, 376.

Blanche, regent, 227.

Blanket meeting at Manchester, 539.

in

Bleking, joined to Sweden, 230; ceded to
Denmark, 238.

Blenheim, battle of, 392, 434.
Block, Adrian, 296, 298.
Bloody Assize, 383.

Blücher, surrenders, 469; occupies Dres-
den, 476; in the war of liberation, 477-
484; created Prince of Wanistadt, 477;
at Waterloo, 484.

Blumenau, battle of, 509.
Boadicea, revolt of, 37.
Bobadilla, 283.

Boccaccio, Giovanni, 263.

Bocchus, k. of Mauritania, 127.
Bocholt, battle of, 185.

Bockelsohn, Johann, 304.
Bodenstein, 301.

Body of Liberties, 298.

Boeotia, 40; conquered by Holians, 48;
submits to Xerxes, 58; allied with Sparta,
62; aristocracies in, 63; war with Sparta,
77, 80.

Bohemia, occupied by Boii, 167; by Mar-
comanni, 167; by Slavs, 163; war with
Henry I., 194; does homage to empire,
218; dukes created kings, 221; Ottokar's
war with Rudolph, 244; Luxembourg
house, 247; Charles IV., emp., 248; Hus-
sites, 252; united with Hungary, 278;
Ferdinand I. elected king, 306; in Thirty
Years' War, 303, 309; in Austro-Prussian
war, 509; Bohemian language in Univer-
sity of Prague, 526.

Bohemond of Tarentum, 214.
Böhmisch-Brod, battle of, 252.

Boii, in Gaul, 34, 35; in Bohemia, 167.
Boilleau, 371.

Boleslav, k. of Poland, 197.
Bolingbroke, Henry.

England, 270.

See Henry IV. of

Bolingbroke, visc., St. John created, 435;
impeached, 437.

Bolivar, 488.

Bolivia, independent, 488.

Bombay, 271; British in, 443.

Bonaparte, Jerome, k. of Westphalia, 470.

470; of Spain, 470; driven from Spain,
479.

Bonaparte, Louis, k. of Holland, 468, 470;
abdication, 473.

Bonaparte, Lucien, 461.

Bonaparte, Napoleon, first appearance, 455;
in command for the convention, 457;
marriage to Josephine, 458; crossed the
Alps, 458; Egyptian exp., 460; regent of
the consulate, 461; campaign in Italy,
462; passage of the Gt. St. Bernard, 462;
consul for life, 464; hereditary emp. of
the French, 465. See Napoleon I.
Bonaparte, Prince Napoleon, marriage, 531.
Bonaparte, Pierre, 512.

Bonapartists, 527, 530, 534.

Bond of association, 339.

Bonder, family of, 237.

Boniface, apostle of the Germans, 180, 184.

Boniface, marquis of Montferrat, 216.

Boniface VIII., pope, 254.

Bonifacius, Roman governor, 184.

Bonner, b. of London, 336.

Boon, Daniel, 425.

Bordeaux, d. of, 527, 529.
Borgia family, 327.

Bornhoved, battle of, 224, 235.
Borodino, battle of, 475.
Boroughbridge, battle of, 267.

Bosnia, occupied by Austrians, 524; dis-
turbances, 525.

Bosphorus, bridge of boats over, 28; king
dom of the, 129.
Bossuet, 371.

Boston, settlement of, 295; massacre, 425;
tea-party, 425; port-bill, 425, 440; siege
and surrender, 427.

Bosworth Field, battle of, 275.

Bothwell, 338.

Bothwell-Brigg, battle of, 381.

Bouillon, Godfrey of, 214.
Bourbakí, 514, 519.
Bourbon, card. of, 322

Bourbon, constable of, defection, 302;
death, 303.

Bourbon, d. of, 445, 446.
Bourbon family compact, 439.
Bourbon, house of, contest with Catherine
de' Medici, 321; descent, 324; in Spain,
414; in Naples, 416, 468; return to
France, 481, 526 final expulsion, 529.
Bouvines, battle of, 223, 227, 233.
Bovianum, capture of, 106.
Boyne, battle of the, 370, 387.
Braddock's defeat, 421.
Bradford, William, 295.
Bradstreet, 421.

Braganza, house of, in Portugal, 332, 415.
Brahma, religion of, 23.
Brahmans, caste of, 23.

Brandenburg, conquered by Albert the
Bear, 218; falls to Ludwig the Bavarian,
247; an electorate, 248; falls to Charles
IV., 249; given to Frederic of Nuremberg
(Hohenzollern), 252; this not a sale, 252
n.; joins peace of Prague, 314; indem-
nifications in peace of Westphalia, 313;
great elector, 368; elector becomes king of
Prussia. 372; East Prussia, secured to,
377.

Brandt, 409.

Breslau, battle of, 404; peace of, 401; fall
of, 469.

Bretigny, peace of, 258, 268.
Bretwalda, 178.

Brienne, de, 447.

Bright, John, 542; resignation, 545.
Brissot, Girondist, 451, 452, 454.

Bristol, captured, 267; by Rupert, 347; sur-
rendered, 349.

Britain, geography, religion, mythical his-
tory, 36; probable history to the year
411, 37; Irish invasion, 39; expedition
of Cæsar, 139; conquest begun, 150; de-
scription, 163, 164; Roman Britain, 176;
Teutonic conquest, 176. See England.
Britannicus, 150.

Brithnoth, death of, 205.
British Museum founded, 439.
Brittany (Bretagne), independent, 182, 201;
under Henry II. of England, 231; con-
tested succession, 257; final union with
French crown, 820; annexed to France,
333.

"Broad Bottom Ministry," 438.
Broglie ministry, 527, 529, 533.
Brömsebro, peace of, 315, 352.
Brook, Lord, grant in Conn., 296.

Brougham, lord chancellor, 539.
Brown, John, hanged, 556.

Bruce, claimant for Scottish crown,

264.

Bruce, Robert, coronation, 269; wins Ban-
nockburn, 267; death, 268.

Bruhl, c., 403.

Brunanburh, battle of, 205.

Brundisium, siege of, 141.

Brunhilde, 181.

Brunswick, 222, 316, 490.

Brunswick, d. of, manifesto, 452; com-
mands Prussians, 469; expedition, 472.
Brunswick-Lüneburg, duchy of, 224.
Brute, 37.

Brutus, Decimus, 144, 145.

Brutus, L. Junius, 89; consul, 93; puts
his son to death in 509 (accidentally
omitted from the first paragraph in page
95).

Brutus, M. Junius, 133; murder of Cæsar,

144; death, 145.

Brythonic Celts, 37.

Buccaneers, 417.

I., 341; assassination, 343; (4) favorite of
Charles II., 330.

Buddha, 23.

Budduism, its origin, 23: introduced into
China, 31; into Japan, 33.

Buena Vista, surrender of, 554

Bulgaria, revolt in, 521; principality of,
523, 524.

Bull of Alexander VI., dividing the world,
282; ausculta fili, 254; clericis laicos,
254, 266.

Bull, golden, of the H. R. E., 248; of Hun-
gary, 277.

Bull Run, battles of, 557.
Bunker's Hill, battle of, 427.
Bunyan, John, 389.
Bunzelwitz, 405.

Burford, battle of, 180.

Burghley, baron, 228.

Burgoyne, gen., 428; surrender of, 429.
Burgundians, on the Oder, 161; around
Worms, 170, 171; on the Rhone and
Saône, 172; subjugated, 181.
Burgundy (see Burgundians),

part of

Frankish kingdom, in the second divis-
ion, 181; in the third, 182; given to
Lothar in the treaty of Verdun, 187;
after his death, assigned to the west
Franks, 193 divided into transjurane
under Rudolf, 209; and cisjurane under
Boso, 193, 201; these two united into the
kingdom of Burgundy or Arles, 198;
which Rudolf III. bequeathed to Henry
II., 198; and which was united with the
empire, 198; the duchy of Burgundy re-
mained with France, was seized by John
II., and given to Philip the Bold, 258;
growth of its power, strife with kings of
France, 259; Burgundy and Orléans, 259;
in the Hundred Years' War, 260; death of
Charles the Bold, the duchy united with
France, 262; the other Burgundian lands
fell to Maximilian of Germany, 253, 301;
the duchy claimed by Charles V., 302;
these claims renounced by Charles, 305;
new kingdom of Burgundy proposed by
Joseph II., 408.

Burke, Edmund, 441.

Burkersdorf, battle of, 406.

Burleigh, baron, sec. of state, 338.
Burlingame, Anson, 562.

Burma, 22, 30; invasion of, 444; 1st Bur-
mese war, 541; 2d, 546; annexed to In-
dia, 546.

Burnet, b. of Salisbury, 386.

Burnet, William, gov. of New York, 417;
of Mass., 418.

Burnside, gen., 557.

Bucharest, peace of, 473.

Buckingham, d. of: (1) favorite of Richard
III., 275; (2) d. in the reign of Henry
VIII., 331; (3) Villiers, favorite of James

Byng, admiral, 434.
Byron, lord, 488.

Byzantium. captured, 61, 68: importance to
Athens, 72; name changed to Constanti
nople, 159; capital of eastern empire, 161,

"Cabal" ministry, 380.
Cabochians overthrown, 259.
Cabot, John and Sebastian, discover North
America, 283, 333; Sebastian, voyage of,
283; alleged voyage, 285; voyage to
South America, 286.

Cabral, discovers Brazil, 284, 353.
Cade, Jack, rebellion of, 271.

Cadiz, expedition of Wimbledon, 342; siege
of, 473; capture, 527. See also Gades.
Cadmus, 18, 45.
Cadoudal, executed, 465.
Cædmon, 180.

Cæsar, C. Julius, leader of the democrats,
136; consul, 137; triumvir, 137; re-
ceives Gallia Cisalpina and Narbonen-
sis, 138; conquest of Gaul, visits to
Britain, 139; war with Pompeius, 140;
Pharsalus, 141; in Egypt, 142: veni,
vidi, vici, 142; African war, 142; war
with sons of Pompeius, 143; C. impera-
tor, 143; reform of the calendar, 143;
assassination, 144.

Cæsar, G. and L., adopted by Augustus, 148.
Caffir war, 543.

Cairo captured by the French, 460.
Cajetanus. See Vio.

Calais, captured by Edward III. of Eng-
land, 257; only English possession in
France, 272; lost, 321, 338.
Calatrava, order of, 240, 328.
Calcutta, 22, 390.

Calendar, reformed by Cæsar. 144; by
Gregory XIII., 327; republican c. in
France, 455.

Calhoun, John C., U. S. sec. of war, 551:
vice-pres., 552.

California, discovered by Cortez, 285, 287;
by Drake, 289: gold discovered in, 555;
31st State of the Union, 555.

Caligula, 150.

Caliphate, early history, 182, 183; Haroun-
al-Rashid, 186; division into c. of Bag-
dad, 183; under Abbasides, 210: de-
stroyed, 241; and the c. of Cordova,
founded and broken up, 209.

Calixtinians, 252.

Calixtus II., Pope, 201.

Calmar. union of, 237, 238, 276, 351
Calonne, 197, 447.

Calonnes, 449.
Calpurnius, C., 118.

Calvin, 304.

Canaan, 7, 8, 16.
Canada. See New France, French in, 299;
French claims to, 363; wars with Iro-
quois, 364, 365; with British colonies, see
King William's war, Queen Anne's war,
George's war, old French and Indian
war; in the peace of Ryswick, 362, 371,
388; in the peace of Utrecht, 363, 398,
435; in the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, 404,
419, 438; Seven Years' War, 420; peace of
Paris, 422, 439; ceded to Great Britain
receives representative gov., 565; divided
into upper and lower C., 542; dominion
of C., 545.
Canaris, 488.

Canary Islands, discovery of, 279.
Candaules, k. of Lydia, 21.
Candia. See Crete.
Cannæ, battle of, 115.
Cannibals, 283.

Canning, é., gov. gen. in India, 546.
Canning, George, home sec., 537; foreign
sec., 539.

Canossa, castle of, 200.
Caurobert, 500, 502, 514.
Cantabri, 148.

Canterbury, 38; captured by Danes, 203;
archb. of, see Dunstan, Anselm, Becket,
etc.

Canton, 31, 561.

Canusium (Marcellus defeated at, in 209
B. C., accidentally omitted on p. 117).
Canute. See Knut.

Cape Ann, settlement of Puritans at, 295;
Augustine, discovery of, 284; Cod, dis-
covered by Northmen (?), 281; by Gos-
nold, 290; surveyed, 294: Florida, 285;
Good Hope, rounded, 280; seized by
England, 535, see Caffir war, Zulu war;
Mendocino, discovered, 288; Peregrine,
300; Vela, 283; Verde, discovery of,
276.

Carolina, fort, 288.

Caroline, q. of England, 539
Carolingians, Austrasian mayors of the pal-
ace, 182; kings of the Franks, 184; in
Italy and Germany, 193; in France, 201.
Carpi, battle of, 392.
Carrhæ, battle of, 140.
Carteret, Sir George, 358.

Carthage, founded, 18; Meltzer's view con-
cerning, 18, n. 1; constitution, 19; oppo-
sition to Grecian colonization, 19; threat-
ened by Cambyses, 19, 27; wars with
Sicilian Greeks, 20; defeat at Himera,
20; treaty of commerce with Rome, 103;
allied with Rome, 108; war with Rome.
See Punic wars; destroyed, 12; occu-
pied by Vandals, 172. See Phoenicia.
Carthage, New, taken by Scipio, 117.
Carthagena, 285; sack of, 290; sacked by

Drake, 339; attacked by Vernon, 419, 438.
Cartier, Jacques, voyages to America, 287.
Carus, Roman emp., 157

Carver, John, gov. of Plymouth, 294.
Casco, destruction of, 361.

Casimir the Great, k. of Poland, 277.
Casimir, John, 373, 374.

Cassander, 76.

Cassiterides, visited by Phoenicians, 17 n.
Cassius, 144, 145.

Cassius, Sp. 97.

Cassivelaunus, 37, 139.
Castelfidardo, battle of, 503.

Castes, in Egypt, 3; in India, 23.

Castile, county, afterwards kingdom of, 209;
final union with Leon, 240; kings of, 2,6;
united with Aragon, 328; supports Philip
of Anjou, 392.

Castillon, battle of, 272.

Castlereagh, at Vienna, 482; foreign sec.,
537; suicide, 539.

Catalaunian fields, battle of the, 173.
Catalonia, 240; royal house extinct, 276;
invaded 392.

Cateau-Cambrésis, treaty of, 321, 327, 338.
Catesby, Robert, 340.
Cathari, 227.

Cathay, 30.

Catherine de' Medici, 321, 324.

Catherine, emp. of Russia, I., reign, 410;
II., in seven years' war, 406; reign, 411;
war with the Turks, 412, 413.

Catholic league, 308.
Catholic relief act, 539.
Catiline, conspiracy of, 136.
Catinat, 370, 392.

Cato, M. Porcius, the elder, in Spain, 118;
accuses Scipio, 120; "Carthaginem esse
delendam," 121; the younger, absent from
Rome, 138; returned, 139; at Dyrra-
chium, 141; suicide, 142.

Cato street conspiracy, 538.
Cattle plague, 544.

Catullus, C. Valerius, 148.
Caudine Pass, 105.
Caulaincourt, 477, 480.

Causa fidei, reformationis, unionis, 251, 252
"Cavalier" parliament, 378, 381.
Cavendish, F., sec. for Ireland, 546.
Cavour, c. 503, 531.
Cawnpore, massacre at, 546.
Caxton, William, 275.
Ceawlin, k. of Wessex, 178.
Cecil. See Burghley.
Cecrops, 44.

Celibacy introduced, 200.
Celtiberians, 35.

Celts, migrations of, 35; Goidelic and Bry-
thonic, 35; Celts of Gaul. See Gauls.
Celts of British isles, 36. See also Brit-
ain. Celts in Italy, 35, 86; join Hanni-
bal, 114; annihilated as a nation, 138.
Censor, creation of the office, 99; one cen-
sor plebeian, 102; power limited, 132; re-
stored, 133; given to Cæsar, 143.
Censorship of the press abolished in Eng-
land, 388.

Census of American colonies, 423; of In-
dia, 1881, 547; of Ireland, 543; of Japan,
445; of New France, 365; Roman c., 92;
of U. S. 1st, 547; 2d, 549; 4th, 552; 5th,
553; 6th, 554; 7th, 555; 8th, 556; 9th
and 10th, 560; of Virginia, 292, 293.
Ceorl, 177.

Cerausius, emp. of Britain, 38.
Cerdic, 178.

Cerealís, 152.

Ceres, 84.

Cerro Gordo, battle of, 554.

Ceylon, Buddhism in, 23; seized by Eng-
lish, 535.

Chabrias, 70, 71.

Chæronea, battle of, 73, 131.

Chaireddin Barbarossa, 304.

Chait Sinh, rájá of Benares, 444.
Chalcedon, battle of, 134; fall of, 191.
Chaldea, 13.

Chaleur Bay, 294.

Châlons, battle of, 173; 516.
Chambers of Reunion, 368.

Chambord, c. of. See Bordeaux, d. of, 529.
Champigny, storm of, 518.

Champlain, Samuel, voyage, 290 ; discov
ers the lakes, 299; death, 300.
Chancellorsville, battle at, 558.
Chandra-gupta, 23.
Chanzy, defeat of, 519.
Chapultepec captured, 554.
Charge of the Light Brigade, 500.
Charibert I., k. of Franks, 181,
Charlemagne.
See Charles I., emp.
Charles of Anjou, 225, 226.
Charles, archid. of Austria, 392, 458, 460,
467, 471, 472.

Charles of Bavaria, 509.

Charles the Bold, d. of Burgundy, 260.
Charles I., k. of England, government in
Virginia, 293; in Spain, 342; marriage,
342; reign, 342-351; surrenders to Scots,
349; escapes, 350; execution, 351.
Charles II., defeat and flight, 375; pro-
claimed k., 378; marriage, 379; treaty of
Dover, 380; death, 383.