Charles III., k. of France, 202; IV., the
Fair, 255; V., the Wise, 258; VI., 259;
VII., 259, 260; VIII., 262; IX., 321;
"X.", cardinal of Bourbon, 324; X., 488;
abdicates, 489, 527.

Charles I., emp. of the H. R. E., the Great
(Charlemagne), 184, 193; II., the Bald,
186, 187, 201; III., the Fat, 193, 201;
IV., 248; V., ancestor of the Span-
ish line of Hapsburg, 301; reign, 302;
Charles and Luther, 302; wars with
Francis I., 302, 303, 304; with Henry II.,
306; Schmalkaldic war, 305; abdica-
tion, 306. See Charles I., of Spain; VI.,
claims to Spanish succession, 390; reign,
337; pragmatic sanction, 398; death,
400; VII., election, 401; exile, death, 402.
Charles, card. of Lorraine, 319.

Charles, d. of Lorraine, last Carolingian
heir to French crown, 202.
Charles of Lorraine, Austrian gen., 372, 404.
Charles, k. of Navarre, the Bad, 258.
Charles, k. of Spain, I., possessions in the
Netherlands, 329; reign, 330. See, also,
Charles, emp. of H. R. E., V.; II., 390;
III., 414; IV., abdicates, 470.
Charles, k. of Sweden, IX., 352; X., 373;
XI., 373: XII., 394; wars with Peter
the Great, 394, Varna, 395; in Turkey,
death, 396; XIII., 472.

Charles Albert, e. of Bavaria, claimant for
Austrian inheritance, 400.

Charles Albert, k. of Sardinia, 494.
Charles Edward, young pretender, 438.
Charles Gustavus of Pfalz-Zweibrücken,
k. of Sweden, 352.
Charles Martel, 183, 184.

Charles Theodore, 406; elector palatine,

claimant for the Spanish succession, 406.
Charleston, Carolina, foundation of, 358,
359; capture by Clinton, 430; evacua-
tion, 431; in the civil war, 537; evacua-
tion, 559.

Charter Oak, 361.

Chartists, 542.

Chase, Salmon P., U. S. sec. of the treas.,556.
Chastenoy, peace of, 322.
Chateaubriand, 527.

Chatham, e. of, as Wm. Pitt in Broad Bot-
tom ministry, 438; sec. of state, 439;
sketch of life, 439; prime minister, 424.
Châtillon, congress at, 480.
Chattanooga, battle of, 558.
Chaucer, Geoffrey, 270.
Chaumont, alliance of, 480.
Chedorlaomer, k. of Babylon, 13.
Cheops. See Khufu.
Chephren. See Khafra.
Cherasco, treaty of, 311, 325.
Cherry Valley, massacre of, 430.
Cherusci, 168.

Chester, battle of, 179.

Chevy Chase, battle of, 269.

Che-wang-te, emp. of China, built

Chinese wall; destroyed books, 32.

Chiari, battle of, 392.

Chiersi, dietof, 201.

Childebert I., k. of the Franks, 181.

Childeric III., k. of the Franks, 184.

the

Chili, invaded by Almagro, 287; indepen-
dent, 488.

Chilperic I., k. of the Franks, 181.
China, geography, 30; religion, 31; chro-
nology, 31; origin of Chinese, 31; early
dynasties, 32; brilliant epoch, 32; the
three kingdoms, 32; Buddhism in, 23;
brilliant period, 211; conquered by Mon-
gols, 242; in the 15th cent., 278; Tatar
conquest, 354; war with Russia, 390;
French and English exp. against, 501;
opium war, 542, 561; treaties with France
and U. S., 561; war with Great Britain
and France, 561; famine, 562; treaty
with Russia, 562.

Chinese emigration to U. S. suspended,
560.

Chios, battle of, 412; 416; revolt, 488.
Chippewa, battle of, 551.

Chlodwig, k. of the Franks, 173.
Chlopicki, 490.

Chlotar I., k. of Franks, 181.
Choiseul, d. de., 446.

Chosroes, k. of Parthia, war with Trajan,
30; k. of Armenia, 153; deposed, 189.
Chosroes, k. of Persia, I., (Anushirwan),
reign, 190, 191; II., Eberwiz, 191.
Chotusitz, battle of, 401.

Chow dynasty in China, 32; later Chow,

211.

Chowaresmians, empire of the, 240.
Chremonides, 79.

Christ, birth of, 11, 149.

Christian of Anhalt, 309; of Brunswick,
defeated by Tilly, 310.

Christian, k. of Denmark, I., of Olden-
burg, 351; II., union of Calmar broken,
351, 352; III., 352; IV., head of lower
Saxon circle, in thirty years' war, 31";
war with Sweden, 314, 352: VI., VII.,
409; VIII., annexes Schleswig-Holstein,
409; IX., accepts the constitution, 505,
506.

Christiania founded, 209.

Christianity, first persecution, 151; under
Decius, 156; under Diocletian, 158; made
state religion by Constantine, 159; aban-
doned by Julian, 160; reinstated by Jovi-
anus, 160; adoption of pagan customs,
165; conversion of Goths, 170; of the
Franks, 173; of Langobards, 175; begin-
ning of the papacy, 175; conversion of
Britons, 38; of the Anglo-Saxons, 179; of
the Germans, 184; Christians persecuted
in Persia, 189; tolerated in Persia, 190;
conversion of the North, 207, 208, 209;
tolerated in China, 211; conversion of Po-
land, Prussia, Hungary, 277; preached in
China, 355; introduced in Japan, but re-
jected, 356; Jesuits in Canada, 364; per-
secution in China, 444; Christians in
Turkey, 522, 524; toleration secured in
China, 562.

Christina of Sweden, 352.

Christopher II., k. of Denmark, 236.
Chrysanthemums, war of the, 243.
Church, high and low, 433.
Churchill. See Marlborough.

Cibola, seven cities of, 287.

Cicero, birthplace of, 82; sketch of life,
136; speeches against Catiline, 137;
banished, 138; recalled, 139; proconsul
140: murdered, 145.

Cid, 209.

Coke, Sir Edward, 341, 342.

134; Roman province, 136.

Cimbri, invade Italy, 127, 128, 167.

Cimon, 57, 61; rivalry with Themistocles,

62; recalled to Athens, death, 63.

Cimon, peace of, 63.

Cincinnati, society of the, 432.

Cincinnatus, L. Quinctius, 98.
Cineas, 108.

Cinna, 130, 131.

Cinq-Mars, marquis of, 326.
Cinque Ports, 264.

Circles of the H. R. E., 300.

Cisalpine republic, founded, 459; included
in Italian republic, 454.
Ciudad Rodrigo, captured, 473.
Civil marriage compulsory, 521.
Civil rights bill, 559.
Civil service act, 560.

Civil war, in England (Roses), 272; great
rebellion, 347, 350; in France, 321, 322;
in Portugal, 488; in Rome, 130, 140; in
Spain, 490, 520; in Switzerland, 492; in
United States, Shays's rebellion, 433;
whiskey, 548; great rebellion, 557.
Civilis, Cl., 168.

Clarence, d. of, 274.

Clarendon, e. of, first interview with the
king, 346; receives grant of South Caro-
lina, 358; chancellor, 378; fall, 379.
Clark, John, settles Rhode Island, 297.
Claudia, 148, 319.

Claudius, Roman emp., conquest of Brit-
ain, 37 reign, 157.
Claudius Pulcher, 111.

Claverhouse, defeat, 381; victory and
death, 386.

Clay, Henry, U. S. sec. of state, 552.
Clay's compromises, 555.

Clayton-Bulwer treaty, 555.

Clemens Maximus, 161.

Clement II., pope, 199; III., 200; V., 254;
goes to Avignon, 263, XIV., 416.
Cleomenes, k. of Sparta, 55; III., 79.
Cleon, 65, 66.

Cleopatra placed over Egypt by Cæsar,
142; meets Antonius, 145; fails to charm
Octavian, death, 147.
Clermont, council of, 214.

Cleve-Jülich, contested succession begun,
308; ended, 372. [Geneal. table, 307.]
Clientes, 90.

Cliff temples in India, 23.

Clinton, Sir Henry, 429, 430.

Clisthenes, reforms of, 54.

Clitus, murder of, 75

Clive, lord, 442; sketch of life,

India, 443, 444.

Clodius, P., 135; tribune exiles Cicero,
128; ultra democrat, 139; death, 140.

Cloten, 37.

Clovis. See Chlodwig.

Cnut. See Knut.

Coalition ministry, 441.

Cobbet, William, 538.

Cobden, Richard, 542.

Cochin China, 30; annexed to China, 278;
invasion of, 444.

Code Napoleon, 462.
Codrus, k. of Athens, 48.
Coercion act, 546.

Colosseum, 82, 152.

Columbey-Nouilly, battle of, 516.
Columbus, Bartholomew, 283; Christopher,
voyages to America, 282, 283, 284; state
of Japan at the time of his voyage, 278;
Diego, 284.

Comitia, centuriata, origin, 92; growth of
power, 94, 102; chooses censors, 99; de-
cline, 107; democratic reform of, 112;
reformed by Sulla, 130; further conser-
vative changes, 132; powers transferred
to the senate, 149: curiata, original con-
stitution, 91, 92; changes in the consti-
tution, 94 and n.; constitution in the 4th
cent. B. C., 102: tributa, established, 96;
summons Coriolanus, 97; made equal
with centuriata, 98; constitution in 4th
cent. B. C., 102; resolves made univer-
sally binding, 107.

Commercial panic in England, 539; in U.
S., 556, 560.

Committee of public safety, in England,
347; in France, 453, 455.
Commodus, Roman emp., 154.
Common law, 266.

Commune of Paris 451, 454, 455; upris-
ing, 532.

Comnenes, dynasty, 240: house, 240.
Compton, b. of London, 383, 384.
Compurgation, abolition of, 232.
Concilium Germanicum, 184.
Concini (Maréchal d'Ancre), 325.
Concord, battle of, 426.
Concordat in France, 319, 463.
Condé, 315, 366, 368, 450.
Condillac, 448.

Confederate States of America, 556; recog-

nized by Great Britain, 555.

Confederation of the Rhine, establishment,

468; dissolution, 479.

Confession of faith, 338.

Confirmatio chartarum, 266.

Conflans, treaty of, 250.
Confucius, 32.

Congress, Continental, 426, 427; of United
States, 547.

Connecticut, colony of, 296; charter, 358;
united with New Haven, 358: govern-
ment, 361, 362; slavery partially abol-
ished, 432.

Conrad, emp. of the H. R. E., I. (of Fran-
conia), 194; II. (the Salian), 198; III,
crusade, 215; reign, 219: IV., 225.
Conrad the Red, of Lotharingia, 195.

Conradin, 225, 226.

Conseil du Roi, 446.

Consistorium principis, 159.

Constance, council of, 251; peace of, 222.
Constance, of Sicily, married Henry VI.,
222.

Constans, Roman emp., 160.
Constant, B., 527.

Constantine, Roman emp., I. (the Great),
159: II., 160.

Constantinople, fall of, 260, 278; palace,
revolution in, 521; conference of, 522.
See Byzantium.

Constantius, Roman emp., 158, 160; Per-
sian war, 188.

Constantius Chlorus, 158.

Constituent assembly in France, 447, 449.
Constitutio Antoniana, 155.
Constitution of Austria, of 1849, 495; Feb-
ruary c., 504; c. of 1866, 511.
Constitution, French, first, accepted by
Louis XIV., 450; second (Republican),
never executed, 454; third (of 1795),
457: fourth, 461; fifth, 464; of the
First Empire, 465; c. of Louis XVIII.,
565; c. of Louis Philippe, 529; c. of 1848,
531; c. of Louis Napoleon, 531; third re-
public, 532; c. of 1875, 533.
Constitution of Germany. See Bull, Gold-
en, and diet of Regensburg. End of the
H R. E., 464; German confederation,
483; attempt to frame a new c., 493;
new c. completed, 497; return to the
confederation, 498; confederation dis-
solved, 459; North German confedera-
tion, 511; c. of the German empire, 520.
Constitution of Hungary. See Bull, gold-
en. Under Joseph II., 408; in 1848, 494;
abrogated, 495; in 1861, 504; restored,
511.

Constitution of Naples, 493.

Corobus, 51.

Coronado, Francisco Vasquez, 287.
Coronea, battle of, 63, 70.
Corporation act, 379, 539.
Corpus Catholicorum, 371.
Corpus Evangelicorum, 371.
Corpus juris civilis, 210.
Correggio, 328.

Corsica, Phocæans driven from, 19, 26, 84;
assigned to Sextus Pompeius 146; king-
dom of, 415.

Cortenuova, battle of, 224.

Cortereal, Gaspar and Miguel de, 284.
Cortes at Cadiz, 473.

Cortez, Hernando, conquers Mexico, 285;
discovers Lower California, 287.
Corvinus, Matthias, k. of Hungary, 253.
Cosa, Juan de la, 284.
Council of ten, 262.

Council of the church, first oecumenical,
159 last, 154, 512.

Count of the Saxon Shore, 38.
Courcelles, gov. of New France, 364.
Court of Common Pleas, Exchequer, King's
Bench, 266.

Courtrai, battle of, 254.
Couthon, 454, 456.

Covenant. See Solemn League.
Covenanters, defeat of, 379.
Covilham, 353.

Cowpens, battle of, 431.

Corcyra, 64, 66.

Corday, Charlotte, 454.

Cordeliers, 451.

Cordova, Caliphate of, 183, 209.
Cordova, Gonsalvo de 818.

Corea, conquered by Chinese, 32: by Jap-
anese, 33; treaty with Japan, 564.
Corfinium, capital of Italia, 129.
Corinth, origin, 48; national assembly at,

Cracow, 414: free state of, 483.

Cradock, Matthew, gov. of Mass. Bay, 295.
Cranmer, archb. of Canterbury, 335; burnt
338.

Crassus, expedition against Parthia, 30,
133; democrat, 136, 137; consul, 140.
Craterus, 74; regent of West, 76; in the
Lamian war, 79.

Craven, gov. of Carolina, 417.
Crawford, W. H., U. S. sec. of the treas.,
551.

Crécy, battle of, 248, 257.
Crefeld, battle of, 405.

Cremona, 35; founded, 112; battle of, 151;
diet, 224.

Crescentius, 197.

Crespy, peace of, 305.

Crete, Phoenician settlements in, 17; un-
der Minos, 18, 41; assigned to Brutus,
144; belongs to Venice, 326; yielded to
Turks, 416.

Crimean war, 499, 500, 543; end of, 531.
Critias slain, 69.
Croatia, 511.

Croesus, k. of Lydia, conquers Grecian
cities, intercourse with Greece, war with
Persia, 21, 22; defeated, 22, 26; story of
his miraculous rescue, 26.

Cromwell, Oliver, sketch of life, 375: first
speech, 343; "Ironsides," 347; Marston

Curiæ, 91.

Curio subjugated Sicily, 141.

Curius Dentatus, M'., 106.

Curland, incorporated with Russia, 414.
Curland, d of, restored, 373.
Custine, gen. 453, 454.
Custozza, battle of, 494, 510.

Cyaxares, overthrows Nineveh, 15, 16; war
with Alyattes, 21, 25.

Cybele, Lydian goddess, 21.
Cylon, insurrection of, 51.
Cymbeline, 37.

Cynoscephalæ, battle of, 71, 80, 119.
Cynric, 178.

Cyprus, tributary to Assyria, 14; Phoeni-
cian colonies in, 17, 41; given to Guy of
Lusignan, by Richard of England, 215;
given by Catherine Cornaro to Venice,
262; surrendered to the Turks, 326;
given to England, 524; British take pos-
session, 545.

Cyrene in Africa, hostilities with Egypt,
6; founded, 19; submits to Cambyses,
27; conquered by Darius, 28; assigned
to Cassius, 144.

Cyrus, emp. of Persia, deposes Astyages,
62; defeats Croesus, 21, 26; takes Baby-
lon, 16, 26; death, 27; the younger, 29.
Cyzicus, battle of, 68, 134.
Czartoryski, 490.

Czaslau, battle of, 401.
Czechs, 493.

Danton, member of Cordeliers, 451, 452,
453; of the Committee of Public Safety,
454; execution, 455.

Danzig, annexed to Poland, 413; captured
by Napoleon, 469.
Daras, battle of, 190.

Darc, Jeanne, career, 260.
Dardanos, peace of, 131.

Dare, Virginia, 289.

Darien, discovered by Columbus, 284; at-
tacked by Drake, 289; Scotch settlement
at, 362.

Darius, name of several k.'s of Persia, I.
succeeds Bardija, recaptures Babylon,
27; war with Scythians, reforms, war
with Ionian Greeks, with European
Greeks, death, 28: II. Nothus, 29; III.,
Codomannus, defeated by Alexander,
death, 29, 74.

Darnley, murdered, 338.
Datis, 57.

Daun, marshal, 404, 405.

Dauphin, title of the heir to the French
crown, 258.

Dauphiné of Vienne, transferred to the
crown of France, 258.
David, k. of the Jews, 8, 9.

David II., k. of Scotland, capture of, 268.
Davila, 285.

Davis, Jefferson, U. S. sec. of war, 555;

pres. of the Confederate States, 556.
Davis, John, Arctic voyages, 289, 290.
Davout, on the Rhine, 467; defeated at
Eylau, 469; in Hamburg, 476, 479.
Day of the sections, 457.
Decazes, ministry of, 527.
Deccan, in India, geographical position,
22; arrival of Hindus, 23; state of, in
1498, 353; independence of, 442; passes
under the control of the British, 541.
Decebalus, 152, 153.

Demes, 52.

Demetrius, the false, 352.

Demetrius Poliorcetes, 77; in Athens, 79.
Democratic party in U. S., 548.
Demosthenes, the general, 66, 67.

Demosthenes, the orator, opposition to
Philip, 72; forms alliance with Thebes,
73; poisons himself, 79.

Denain, battle of, 392.

Denmark, people of, 164; early history,
207; war with Charles the Great, 185;
with Otto I., 195; with Otto II., 197; in-
vasion of England, 203, 204; conquest of
England, 205, 206; under Waldemar the
conqueror, 235; capitulation, 236; Union
of Calmar, 237, 276; share in thirty
years' war, 310; war with Sweden, 314;
feuds of the counts in, 352; lex regia,
374; treaty with Sweden, 397; alliance
with France, 470; receives Lauenberg,
483; Schleswig-Holstein, 496; incorpora-
tion of the duchies, 505; war with Aus-
tria and Prussia, 505.

Dennewitz, battle of, 477.
Denys, Jean, 284.

Deorham, battle of, 178.

Derby, e. of, impeachment, 270.

Derby, e., 1st ministry of, 543; 2d, 544; 3d,
544.

Dermod, k. of Leinster, 232.

Derwentwater, execution of, 437.

Desaix, 460.

Dinwiddie, Robert, gov. of Virginia, 420.

Diocletianus, Roman emp,

158.

Dionysius, tyrant of Syracuse, 20.