barossa, 219; Welf and Waiblingen (IIo-
henstaufen), 223; interregnum, 225; Ru-
dolf of Hapsburg, 244; Ludwig and
Frederic, 247; Luxemburg emperors,
golden bull, 248; city leagues, 249;
council of Constance, 251; house of
Hapsburg, 253; Max, 300; reformation,
301; Charles V., 302; peace of Augs-
burg, 306; anti-reformation, 306; thirty
years' war, 308; peace of Westphalia,
315; Leopold I, 371; war of the Span-
ish succession, 390; pragmatic sanction,
398; Polish succession, 398; 'male line of
Ilapsburg extinct, 400; war of Austrian
succession, Maria Theresa, and Frederic
the Great of Prussia, 400; seven years'
war, 403; Joseph II., 407; war with first
French republic, 453; peace of Lune-
ville, 462; enactment of imperial dele-
gates, 464; end of the Holy Roman em-
pire, 468. Confederation of the Rhine,
468; war of liberation, 475; congress
of Vienna. 482; establishment of the
German confederation, 483; reactionary
measures in Germany, 487, 490; founda-
tion of the Zollverein, 491; Göttingen
professors expelled, 491; revolutionary
movements, 492; national assembly, 493;
constitution completed, 497; conference
at Olmütz, 498; confederation renewed,
498; German (Austro-Prussian) war, 57;
North German confederation, 510, 511;
Franco-German war, 513; capture of
Paris, 519; German empire founded, 519,
520; Kulturkampf, 521, 525; congress
of Berlin, 524; tobacco monopoly de-
feated, 526.

Gero, margr., 194, 195.
Gerontes, 50.

Gerson, 251.

Gertruydenburg, 393.
Gessler, 246.

Geta, 155.

Gettysburg, battle of, 558.

Ghazni, supremacy of the sultans of, 211.
Ghent, pacification of, 331; peace of, 474,
537, 551.

Godwine, e. of Wessex, 206.
Goffe, 359, 350.
Goidelic Celts, 37.

Golconda kingdom, 353; annexed to Mu-
ghal empire, 389: Nizam of, 443.

Golden bull, of H. R. E., 248; of Hungary,
277.

Golden rule enunciated by Confucius, 31.
Göllheim, battle of, 245, 246.

Gomez, Estevan, voyage of, 286.
"Good" parliament, 269.

Gordianus I., II., III., Roman emp., 155;
Persian exp., 188.

Gordias, kings of Phrygia, 22.

Gordon assists Peter the Great, 374.
Gordon, col. ("Chinese"), suppresses Tai-
ping rebellion, 562.
Gordon, lord George, 440.
Gorges, sir Fernando, 295-297.
Görgey, 495.

Gorkhas, conquest by Chinese, 444.
Gorm the Old, k. of Denmark, 207.
Gortschakoff, in Sebastopol, 500; retires,
526.

Görz, baron von, 396, 406.
Gosnold, Bartholomew, 290, 291.
Goths, 164; location, 170; defeated by De-
cius, 156; Goths in Sweden, 208.
Gauta, East Goths, West Goths.
Gourges, Dominique de, 289.
Graagaas, 209.

See

Gracchus, Caius, attempts revolutionary
reforms, 124; tribune, 125; death, 126.
Gracchus, Tiberius, victory over the Celti-
berians, 118.

Gracchus, Tiberius Sempronius, attempts
revolutionary reforms, 124.

Grafton, d. of, 424; administration, 424,
440.

Granada, kingdom of, 275; conquest of,
276.

Grand alliance between England, Holland,
and others, 370, 391.

Grand remonstrance presented to Charles
I., 346.

Granicus, battle of the, 74.
Granson, battle of, 262.

Grant, Ú. S., takes Fort Donelson, 557;
Vicksburg, 558; lieut.-gen., 558; Lee
capitulates to, 559; president of U. S.,
560.

Granvella, b., 330.

Grasse, de, 441.

Gratianus, Roman emp., 160.
Gravamina ecclesiastica, 317.
Gravelines, battle of, 321.
Gravelotte, battle of, 516.
Great Britain. See England.
Great contract, 341.
Great protestation, 342.

Greene, gen., 431.

Greenland, discovery of, 209, 280.
Gregorian calendar introduced,
adopted by England, 420, 438

327;

Gregory I., pope, 175; VI., 199; VII. (Hil-
debrand), 199, 200; IX., 224; XII., 251;
abdicated, 252; XIII., reformed the cal-
endar, 327; XVI., 492.

Grenville, George, prime minister, 423;
leader of Commons, 439.
Grenville, lord, prime minister, 537.
Grenville, sir Richard, 289.

Grévy, Jules, pres. of the French republic,
534.

Grey, e., prime minister, 539; resigned, 540.
Grey, lady Jane, 336.
Grijalva, Juan de, 285.
Grimoald, 175.

Grochow, battle of, 490.

Grodno, diet of, 413.

Grosbeeren, battle of, 477.

Gross-Görschen, battle of, 476.
Grossjägerndorf, battle of, 404.
Grumbach, execution of, 306.

Guadaloupe, Hidalgo, treaty of, 554.
Guanahani, its identification, 282.
Guastalla, house of, 311, 416.
Guatimozin, k. of Mexico, 285.

Guébriant, French marshal, 314.
Guelfs. See Welfs.

Guesclin, Bertrand du, 259, 276.
Gueux, 330.

Guilford, battle of, 431.

Guinegate, "battle of the spurs," 319, 334.
Guines captured from the English, 321.
Guise, house of, 319, 321.

Guizot, 527; ministry of, 497, 529; with
Soult, 530

Gunpowder first used, 279.
Gunpowder plot, 340.

Gunther of Schwarzburg, 248.
Guntram, 181.

Guptas in India, 24, 210.
Gurko, 522, 523.

Gustavus I., Vasa, k. of Sweden, 352; II.,
Adolphus, reign in Sweden, 352; in the
thirty years' war, 311; death of, 312;
III., 409; IV., abdication of, 472.
Gutenberg, John, early printer, 253.

Guy of Lusignan, k. of Jerusalem, 214,
215, 216.

Guyenne, transferred from France to Eng
land, 226, 231; ceded to England, 258:
lost, 260. See Aquitania.

Guzerat, expedition of Mahmud to, 211;
conquest of, 241: Afghan kings, 353.
Gyges, k. of Lydia, 6, 21.
Gylippus, 67.
Gyulay, 502.

Habeas corpus act, 381; suspended, 388,
535, 536, 538; in Ireland, 544.
Hadrian, Roman emp., revolt of Jews un-
der, 12, 37; reign, 153; in Britain, 176.
Hafurstfjord, battle of, 208.
Hagelberg, battle of, 477.
Hague, convention of the, 396.
Haidar Ali of Mysore, 442, 444.
Haidarábád, nizam of, 443.
Hakem II., 209.

Hakodate, battle of, 563.

Hakon, k. of Norway, 208; IV., 238; V.,
238; VII., 237, 238; VIII., 238.
Hakon Jarl, k. of Norway, 208.
Hale, Nathan, 428.

Hales, sir Edward, 393.

Halfdan the Black, k. of Norway, 208.
Haliartus, battle of, 70

Halifax, member of council, 381; in oppo-
sition, 382; pres. of council, 383; pres.
of provisional council, 355; resigns, 387;
impeached, 388; not in council, 433;
whig leader, 435; first lord of treas. 436.
Halifax, e. of, sec. of state, 439.
Halland, 236, 238.

Halys, 21, 134.

Hamburg, free city, 222; conquered by
Knut VI., 235; alliance with Lübeck,
249; Davout in, 476; siege of, 479; peace
of, 405.

Hamilcar, 20.

Hamilcar Barak or Barcas, 111, 113.
Hamilton, Alexander, 547, 549.

Hampden, John, refuses to pay ship money,
344; impeached, 346; death, 347.
Hampden clubs, 538.

Hampton court conference, 340.

Han, dynasty in China, 32; later Han, 211.
Hanau, battle at, 478.

Hancock, John, 424.

Hanging gardens in Babylon, 12.

Hannibal, destroys Saguntum, 113; crosses
the Alps, 113; arouses the Gauls, 35, 114;
Cannæ, 115; before the gates of Rome,
110;
leaves Italy, 117; defeated at Zama,
118; received by Antiochus, 119; death.
120.

Hanover, ninth electorate, 372; treaty
with Sweden, 396; allied with Prussia,
404; treaty with England, 437; receives
Osnabrück, 465; Prussia receives H.,
467; Napoleon wishes to take away, 468;
occupied by French, 469; becomes king-
dom under Geo. III. of England, 538;
separation from Great Britain, 491, 542;
invaded by Prussians, 508; incorporated
with Prussia, 510.

Hanseatic cities annexed to France, 473.
Hanseatic league, 237, 249.

Hapsburg counts in Switzerland, 245.

Herod (the Great), k. of Judea, 11.
Herod Agrippa, I., k. of Judea, 11.
Herrenhausen, alliance of, 398.
Herzegovina, revolt, 521; given to Aus-
tria, 524; disturbance in, 525; sup-
pressed, 526.

Hesse, origin, 225, 492.

Hesse-Cassel, in peace of Westphalia, 316;
becomes an electorate, 464; not in con-
federacy of the Rhine, 468; revolution
in, 492; invaded by Prussians, 504; in-
corporated with Prussia, 510.
Hesse-Darmstadt, joins confederacy of the
Rhine, 468; joins allies, 479.
Ilia, dynasty of, in China, 31.
Hideyoshi, government of, 355, 356.
Iliempsal, 126.

Hienfung, 561.

Hiero, k. of Syracuse, 110, 115.

Hieroglyphics, 3.

High Commission, 346.

Hildebrand. See Gregory VII.

Himera, battle of, 20.

Hincmar of Rheims, 201.

Hispania, citerior, 118; ulterior, 118, 141.

Histiæus of Miletus, 28.

Hobkirk's Hill, battle of, 431.

Holstein-Gottorp, house of in Sweden, 409;
in Russia, 411.

Holy alliance, 485; Monroe's attitude con-
cerning, 552.

Holy league against France, 300, 318, 326,
334.

Holy league in France, 322.

Holy Roman Empire, revival of Roman em-
pire under Otto, 196; end of, 462, 468.
See Germany.

Holy wars, I., 52; II., 71; III., 72
Homer, 49.

Homildon Hill, battle of, 270.
Hone, acquittal of, 538.

Honorius, Roman emp., 38, 161.
Honorius III., pope, 224.

Hooker, gen., 557, 558.

Hoorn, c. von, executed, 330.

Hophra, k. of Egypt, 6.
Hôpital, de l', 321.

Horatii, 89.

Horatius, laws of, 98.

Horatius, Flaccus, Q., 83, 147.

Horatius, Marcus, 93.

Horatius Cocles, 95.

Hormisdas I., emp. of Persia, 188, II., 188,
IV., 191.

Hormuz, battle of, 187.

Hormuzan, 192.

Horn, Gustavus, 312.

Horsa, 177.

Hortensius, dictator, 107.

Hospitalers. See Knights of St. John.
Hôtel de Ville destroyed, 533.

536.

Hochelaga. See St. Lawrence.

Hochkirch, battle of, 405.

Höchst, battle of, 310.

Hochstädt, battle of.

See Blenheim.

See Frederic of

Hofer, Andreas, 471, 472.
Hohenfriedberg, battle of, 402.
Hohenlinden, battle of, 462.
Hohenstaufen, house of.
H., 219, 220.
Hohenzollern. See Frederic, burggrave of
Nuremberg, 244; acquires Brandenburg;
in Prussia, 302; in thirty years' war, 311,
312; in peace of Westphalia, 316; kings
of Prussia, 372; in the north and east, un-
der the great elector, 368, 373, 374; gene-
alogy, 515; emperors of Germany, 519.
Hohenzollern, pr. of, 512, 513.
Hojeda, Alonzo de, 283, 284.
Hojo, family of, 243.

Holbach, 448.

Holkar, 443, 541.

Holland, kingdom of, under Louis Bona-
parte, 468; merged in kingdom of the
Netherlands, 483; separated from Bel-
gium, 439. See, also, Netherlands.
Holland, lord, 439, 441.

Holles, impeachment of, 346, 351.
Holstein, given to Adolf of Schaumberg,
218; Adolf capt. by Knut VI. of Den-
mark, cedes H. to Waldemar, II., k. of
Denmark, 235; ceded to Adolf the young,
235; peace of Travendal, 394; united
with Denmark, 409; war with Denmark,
496; occupied by the German confedera-
tion, 505; united with Prussia, 510.
Holstein-Gottorp, d. of, 394, 397.

Hotspur. See Percy.

Howe, lord, occupies Philadelphia, 429.
Howick, first lord of the admiralty, 537;
See earl Grey.

sec. of war, 540.

Hubert de Burgh, 234.

Hubertsburg, peace of, 406.

Hudson Bay Company, incorporation of,
358.

Hudson's Bay, discovery of, 299, 363.
Hudson, Henry, voyage of, 298.
Hudson river, 294, 298.

Hugh the White, d. of France, 202.
Hugh Capet, k. of France, 202.
Huguenot colony in America, 288.
Huguenots, wars of the, 321.
Humbert I., k. of Italy, 524.
Humboldt, W. von, 477, 482, 487.
Hundred days in France, 526.
Hundred years' war, 257.

Hungary, occupied by Magyars, 193, 277;
Hungarians ravage Germany, 194; de-
feated by Henry, 195; and Otto (Lech-
feld), 196; lose Styria to Bohemia, 244;
emp. Albert, II., k. of, 253; history to
1490, 277; golden bull, 277; H. united
with Bohemia and secured to emp. Max.,
278; war with Turks (Mohacs), disputed
election, 303; Ferdinand I., elected k.,
306; succession secured to Hapsburg,
372; Maria Theresa, q. of H., 400; Mo-
riamur, etc., disputed, 401, n.; revolt
under Kossuth, 494; constitution abol
ished, 496; Feb. constitution, 504; con-
stitution of H. restored, Austrian emp,
k. of H. 511.

Hung Sui-tsuen, leader of the Tai-ping re
bellion, 561; suicide, 562.

Inaros, 28.

Independents, 349, 350.

India, visited by Tyrians, 18; geography,
early religion, 22; arrival of Hindus in
the Punjab, 22; settlement and con-
quest, 23, castes, ib.; rise of Brahmism,
ib.; of Buddhism, ib.; invasion of Alex-
ander, 23, 75; Bactrian rulers, 24; Scyth-
ians, Guptas, ib.; early history, 210; sul-
tans of Ghazni, of Ghor, 211; sultans of
Delhi, Timur Shah, 241; western route
to India, 282; Mughal empire, 353;
Portuguese, Dutch, English in I., East
India companies, 354; Aurangzeb, 389;
decline of Mughal empire, 442; Mah-
ratta power, 443; British in India,
Black, Hole, 443; Clive, Hastings, 444,
East India Company subordinated to
government, 442; Cornwallis and Wel-
lington; Mahratta wars, 541; queen of
England proclaimed sovereign of India,
544; Afghan wars, 546, 547; Sepoy re-
bellion, 546; government transferred to
crown, 544; famine, 547.
India bill, 535.

Indians of America; rapid disappearance
from West Indies, 284; John Smith cap-
tured by, 291; intercourse with Plym-
outh colony, 295; Pequot war, 297;
Champlain among, 299; John Eliot
among, 357; Hurons massacred by Iro-

quois, 357; King Philip's war, 359:
Penn's treaty, 360, King William's war,
361, Queen Anne's war, Deerfield de-
stroyed, 363; French among the Hurons,
wars with Iroquois, 364; war in Caro-
lina, and New England, 417; old French
and Indian war, 420; conspiracy of l'on-
tiac, 423; Wyoming massacre, 430; In-
dian war, 547; Seminole war, 552, 553.
Indo-European family, Introduction, X.,
85, 86.

Ine, king of Wessex, 180.

Inge Baardsen, k. of Norway, 238.
Ingebord, 226, 235, 238.

Ingjald Ill-raada, k. of Sweden, 208.
Ingævones, 163.

Inkermann, battle of, 500.

Innocent III., pope, originates the 4th
crusade, 216; obtains Mathilda's estates
from Otho IV., 223; contest with John
of England, 233, IV., 225.

Inquisition, establishment of, by Gregory
IX., 227; by Paul III., 327; in Spain,

330.

Interim of Augsburg, 305.

International postal congress, 521.
Interregnum in the Holy Roman Empire,
225; in England, 384.
Intibili, battle of, 116.
Inverlochy, battle of, 348
Investiture strife, 200, 201.

Ionian Islands, retained by Venice, 326;
occupied by French, ceded to France,
459; Republic of the Seven I. I. 461;
forms a part of the Illyrian provinces,
472; protectorate over, given to Eng-
land, 483; ceded to Greece, 505, 544.
Ionians in Greece, 43; colonize Asia Mi-
nor, 49; subdued by Croesus, 21 ; revolt
from Persia, 28.

Ipsus, battle of, 77.

Iran, plateau of, 12; subjugated by Tiglath-
Pileser II., 14; inhabited by Bactrians,
Medes, Persians, 24; attacked by Assyr-
ians, 25; conquered by Cyrus, 26; sul-
tanate of, 210.

Ireland, ancient, geography, religion, and
civilization, 38; mythical history, 38,
39; Norwegians take Dublin, 209; con-
quered by Henry II., 232; English Pale,
270; statute of Drogheda, 333; rebellion
of Tyrone, 339; government of Went-
worth (Strafford), 344; Ulster rebellion,
346, 348; Cromwell in Ireland, storm of
Drogheda, 375; war for James II., 386;
battle of the Boyne, 387; treaty of
Limerick, ib.; Irish catholic laws, 433;
United Irishmen, 536; union with Great
Britain, ib.; Irish reform act, 540; fam-
ine of 1846-47, 543; uprising under
O'Brien, ib. habeas corpus act suspend-
ed, 544; disestablishment of the Irish
(Episcopal) church, 545; land league,
ib.; coercion act, land act, 546.
Irene, 210.
Ireton, 376.

Iroquois, war with Hurons and Canada,
364. See Indians of America.
Isaac, 7.

Isaac Angelus, Grecian emp., 216.
Isabeau of Bavaria, 259

Isabella heiress of Castile 276 328.