Madoc, rebellion of, 264.
Madras, in India, 22; founded, 354; cap-
tured and restored, 443.
Madrid, Charles in, 392; Napoleon at, 471;
taken by Wellington, 474; by the
French, 527; peace of, 303.
Mæcenas, 147.
Mælius, Sp. 99.
Magadha, empire of, 28.
Magalhæs, F., 280.
Magdeburg, bishopric of, 196; placed un-
der ban, 805; stormed by Tilly, 311.
Magellan. See Magelhas.
Magellan, straits of, 280, 286.
Magenta, battle of, 502.
Magians, 25.
Magister equitum, 94.
Magna Charta, 233, 266, 418.
Magnano, battle of, 460.
Magnesia, battle of, 78, 119.
Magnetic needle, 279.
Magnus the Good, k. of Norway, reign in
Denmark, 207 in Norway, 209; II.,
209; III., Barfod, 209, 238; IV., the
Blind, k. of Norway, 238; ., 238; VI.,
Lagaboeter, 238.
Maguus, d. of Saxony, 199.
Magnus, k. of Sweden, 237, 238; Smek, k. Marcomanni, 154, 167.
of Sweden, 236. 237.
Mago, 117.
Maha-bharata, Hindu epic, 23.
Mahmud, sultan of Ghazni, 211.
Mahmud II., sultan of Turkey,
Mahratta wars, 444, 541.
Mahrattas, rise of, 389, 443, 444; conquered
by the British, 541.
Maid of Norway. See Margaret.
Maid of Orleans. See Darc.
"Main" plot, 840.
Maine (in America), Pring's voyage, 290;
Popham colony, 293; granted to Gorges
and Mason, 295, 297; annexed to Mass.,
358; restored to heirs of Gorges, ib.;
bought by Mass., 359; admitted to the
Union, 552.
Maine (in France), 231.
Mainots, 488.
Maintenon, Madame de, 369, 371.
Mainz, first archbishop of, 184; elector,
248; electoral archchancellor, 464.
Majestätsbrief, 308.
Majorianus, Roman emp., 162.
Malacca taken by the Dutch, 353.
Malaga, battle of, 434.
Malakoff, storm of the 501.
Malcolm, k. of Scots, 205, 230.
Maldon, battle of, 205.
Malmö, truce of, 496.
Malmutius Dunwall, k. of Britain, 37.
Malplaquet, battle of, 392, 435.
Malta, Phoenicians settle upon, 17; given
to knights of St. John, 217; surrendered
to Napoleon, 460; to be restored to the
order, 464; not surrendered, 465; given
to England, 483.
Malvern Hill, battle of, 557.
Marcy, William L., 555.
Mardonius, 56, 60.
Marengo, battle of, 462.
Margaret of Austria, negotiated Paix des
Dames, 303; q. of Denmark, Norway,
and Sweden, 237, 238, 276; wife of Henry
VI. of England, 240, 271, 272, 274.
Margaret, "The Maid of Norway," 238.
Margaret Maultasch, 247, 249.
Margaret of Parma, 330; c. of Salisbury,
335.
Marhattás. See Mahrattas.
Maria Louisa, wife of Napoleon I., 481.
Maria Theresa of Austria, heiress of Charles
VI., 898; wars with Frederic the Great,
400-406.
Maria Theresa, wife of Louis XIV., 366;
died, 369.
Marie Antoinette, unpopularity, 446; exe-
cution, 455.
Marienburg, grandmaster at, 218, 277;
treaty of, 373.
Marignano, victory of, by Francis I., 319.
Marion, Francis, 430.
Marius, C., 82; in Numidia, 127; defeats
Cimbri and Teutones, 127, 128; social
war, 129; death, 130.
Marius the younger, 131.
Marlborough, d. of, sketch of life, 382;
joins William III., 884; in Ireland, 387;
disgraced, 387; in the war of the Spanish
succession, 391-393, 434; made a duke,
433; dismissed, 393, 435; reinstated,
436.
Marmont, gov. of Illyrian provinces, 472,
481.
Marquette discovers the Mississippi, 364.
Mars, 84, 85.
Mamelukes, overthrow the Ayoubites, 217; Marshal, office of, 195.
defeated by Napoleon, 460.
Marshall, John, 549.
Marshall William, regency of, 234.
Marsian, or social war, 129.
Marston Moor battle of 348.
Martignac ministry, 527.
Martin V., pope, 252.
Martinique, taken by England, ceded to
France, 422, 441.
Martinitz, 309.
Martinsvögel, the, 250.
Mary, heiress of Burgundy, 253.
Mary, the Catholic, q. of England, reign,
330, 336, 338; married Philip of Spain,
336.
Mary Stuart, q. of Scotland, married Fran-
cis II. of France, 321; reign, 338; exe-
cution, 339.
Maryland, granted to lord Baltimore, 298;
rebellion of Clayborne and Ingle, 357;
English parliament assumed control, 358;
quo warranto against, 361.
Masaniello, 327.
Maserfeld, battle of, 180.
Masham, Mrs., 434, 435.
Mason, John, grant of Mariana, 295, 296.
Mason taken from the Trent, 544, 557.
Massachusetts Bay colony founded, 295;
separation of general court into two
houses, 357; execution of Quakers, 358;
reassumed government of Maine, 358;
forfeiture of the charter, 360; new char-
ter, 361; treaty of peace with the east-
ern Indians, 418; adoption of a constitu-
tion, 431; insurrection in, 432.
Massagetæ, 27.
Massalia, founded, 19, 141.
Massasoit, 295.
Massena, 460, 461, 462, 467, 472; masterly
retreat, 473.
Massinissa, 116; dethroned, 117; restored,
118, 121.
Matchin, 413.
Matilda, marchioness of Tuscany, 200; her
estates accepted by Lothar from the pope,
218; withheld by Henry VI., 223; given
to the papacy by Otto IV., 223.
Matthias, emp. of the H. R. E., 308.
Matthias of Thurn, 309.
Matthias Corvinus, k. of Hungary, 278.
Maupeou, 446.
Maupertuis. See Poitiers.
Mauretania, Roman prov., 150.
Mazarin, in thirty years' war, 314; agent
of the pope, 325; his administration and
death, 366.
Mazdak, 189.
Mazeppa, 395.
Meade, gen., 558.
Mecklenburg, 226, 316.
Medea, 46.
Media, revolt under Phraortes, 15; geog.
raphy, 24; subject to Assyria, 25; re
volt suppressed by Sargon, 14: revolt
under Phraortes, 15, 25; Median empire,
25; supremacy passed from Media to
Persia, 26; revolt suppressed by Da-
rius, 27; subject to Parthia, 30; large
portion ceded to Armenia, 188.
Median wall, 16.
Medici, Alexander de', 327; Catherine de',
321; Cosimo de', created g. d. of Tus-
cany, 327 Mary de', regency of, 325.
Medici family in Florence, 263; in Flor-
ence and Tuscany, 327; extinction, 398.
Megacles, 51.
Megalopolis, 71; battle of, 73.
Megara, Doric state, 48; ally of Athens,
62; old constitution restored, 63; joined
the Peloponnesians, 65.
Megiddo, battle of, 6, 11.
Mehemed Ali, revolt of, 491, 530.
Meissen, origin, 194; given to Conrad of
Wettin, 218; eastern part of Thuringia
joined to, 225; Frederic of Meissen re-
ceives the electorate of Saxony, 252.
Melac, 370.
Melanchthon, 303.
Melas, 460, 461, 462.
Melbourne, lord, home sec., 539; premier,
540.
Melkart, Phoenician divinity, 17.
Meminius, C., 126, 128.
Memnon, 5.
Memphis, in Lower Egypt, 2; worship of
Ptah, 2; Cambyses in, 27.
Mena, first k. of Egypt, 3, 4.
Mendoza, viceroy, 287.
Menkaura, k. of Egypt, 4.
Menou, 463.
Menschikoff, 410, 500.
Mentana, battle of, 511.
Maurice, Greek emp., 191; of Nassau, 331; Mercia, founded, 179; supremacy of, 180;
Maxen, surrender of, 405.
Maxentius, Roman emp., 158, 159.
Maximianus, 158, 159.
Maximilian, d. of Bavaria, in thirty years'
war, 308, 309.
Maximilian, emp. of Mexico, 504.
Maximilian I., emp. of the H. R. E., mar-
ried heiress of Burgundy, 253; secures
succession of Hungary, 278; reign, 300;
II., 492, 306.
Maximinus, 158, 159.
Maximinus Thrax, Roman emp., 155, 156.
May laws in Prussia, 521.
Mayo, lord, viceroy of India, 547.
Mayors of the palace, origin of their power,
182, 183, 184; compared with the sho-
guns in Japan 213.
Danes in, 203.
Mercurius, 84.
Mercy, 314.
Mergentheim, 218; battle of, 315.
Meri lake, constructed by Amenemhat
I., 4.
Mermnadæ, dynasty in Lydia, 21.
Meroe, kingdom in Ethiopia, 5.
Merowingians, 35; derivation of the name,
170; defeat Syagrius, 173; Franks un
der, 181; superseded by the Carolingi.
ans, 184.
Merwan II., last Ommiad caliph, 182.
Meschish, k. of Gaul, 36.
Mesopotamia, Roman prov.,
Messenian wars, I., II., 51; III., 62.
Meta Incognita, 289.
Metaurus, battle of the, 117.
Metcalfe, sir Charles, in India, 542
Metellus, L. Cæcilius, defeats Hasdrubal
at Panormus, 111.
Metellus (Macedonicus), Q. Cæcilius, in
the 4th Macedonian and Achæan war,
122.
Metellus (Numanticus), Q. Cæcilius, cap-
tures Numantia, 123; defeats Jugurtha,
126; superseded by Marius, 127.
Metellus (Pius), Q. Cæcilius, war with Ser-
torius, 133; subdues Crete, 134.
Methuen treaty, 434.
Metoci, 52.
Metternich, at the congress of Prague, 476;
of Vienna, 482; of Carlsbad, 487; head
of the conservative party, 491; driven
from Vienna, 492.
Metz, siege of, 306, 516, 518.
Mexican expedition, 503, 532.
Mexico conquered by Cortez, 285; freed
from Spanish rule, 488; war with the
United States, 554.
Michael Angelo Buonarotti, 328.
Michigan admitted to the Union, 553.
Michillimachinac, Jesuit mission, 364.
Midas, k. of Phrygia, 22.
Middle Kingdom, 32.
Middlesex, 178.
Mieczeslav II., leader of the Poles, 198.
Miguel, Don, of Portugal, 488.
Mikado. See Japan.
Milan, captured by Scipio, 35; captured by
Barbarossa and destroyed, 221; rebuilt,
ib.; under the Visconti and Sforza, 262;
war between Charles V., and Francis I.,
concerning, 304, 319; Philip invested
with, ib.; claims of Louis XII. to, 318;
appanage of Spain, 326; assigned to the
emperor, 333; Victor Emmanuel in, 562.
Milan decree, 550.
Milan, pr. of Servia, 521; becomes k., 526.
Milesians settle at the mouth of the Tigris,
28; in Ireland, 39.
Miletus, in league with Croesus, 21, 28;
Ionians settle, 49; battle of, 67.
Milhaud, confederation of, 322.
Military roads in Persia, 28; constructed
in Italy, 82; in Britain, 176.
Millenary petition, 340.
Millesimo, battle of, 458.
Milo, S. Annius, 139.
Miltiades, 28; at Marathon, 57.
Milton, John, 389.
Minamoto family, 212, 213, 242.
Minden, battle of, 405.
Mineptah, k. of Egypt, 5.
Ming dynasty in China, 242.
Minnesota admitted to Union, 556.
Minos, k. of Crete, 18, 46.
Minotaur, 18.
Minto, lord, gov. gen. in India, 541.
Minucius, M., 114.
Minuit, Peter, 298.
Minyæ, 43, 46, 48, 49.
Mir Jafar, 443, 444; Kosim, 444.
Mirabeau, C., 449, 451.
Miramichi Bay, discovery of, 287.
Miranda, 550.
Misenum, treaty of, 146.
Missi regis, 186.
Missionary Ridge battle of, 558
Mississippi admitted to the Union, 551.
Mississippi river, discov. 287, 364; possession
taken for France, 362, 365; claimed by
France, 420; navigation free to England
and France, 422; to England and the
United States, 432.
Missolonghi, 488.
Missouri admitted to the Union, 552.
Missouri compromise, 552.
Mithra, 25.
Mithridates, I., founded Parthian empire,
30; II., k. of Parthia, 30.
Mithridates VI., k. of Pontus, his power,
129; Sulla concluded peace with, 131;
alliance of Sertorius with, 133; killed
himself, 136.
Mithridatic wars, I., 129; II., 132; III., 134.
Mobile colony, 365.
Mocenigo, adm., 416.
Möckern, battle of, 478.
Modena, 416, 458.
Moesia, 148, 153.
Mohacs, battle of, 303, 372.
Mohammed, 182.
Moira, lord, gov. gen. in India, 541.
Molai, Jacques de, 255.
Moldavia, 395, 488.
Molé, ministry of, 530.
Molière, 371.
Mollwitz, battle of, 401.
Moloch, 17, 18.
Moltke, 508, 509, 517.
Momemphis, battle of, 6.
Mom peson, impeachment of, 342.
Monasteries in Ireland, 39; suppressed in
England, 335; in Austria, 407; in France,
534; in Rome and Papal states, 520.
Mondovi, battle of, 458.
Mongols, defeated by the Chinese, 32; in-
vasion of Germany, 240; conquest of
China, 242; repulse from Japan, 243;
supremacy in Russia, 277; check the Os-
man power, 278.
Monk, 376, 377, 378.
Monmouth, battle of, 430.
Monmouth, d. of, 382, 383.
Monroe doctrine, 552.
Monroe, James, 550, 551.
Mons sacer, 96, 98.
Montague, proceedings against, 342, 387.
Montaigne, Michael, 324.
Montcalm, 421, 422.
Montebello, battle of, 502.
Montenegro, war with the Porte, 521,
became independent, 524.
Montereau, 259; battle of, 480.
Monterey, battle of, 554.
Montesquieu, 448.
Montezuma, Mexican empire of, 285.
Montgomery, general, 427.
Montl'hery, battle of, 260.
Montmartre, storm of, 481.
Montreal, settled by Maisonneuve, 300; sur
rendered to English, 422; captured by
Montgomery, 427.
Montrose, marquis of, plots against Argyle,
346; campaign, in Scotland, 348; execu-
tion, 375.
Monts, sieur de, 290.
Moors, origin, 183; conquer Spain, 183;
caliphate, 209; conquered by Almora-
vides, 209; by Almohades, 240; conquest
of Granada, 276.
Moqui Cañon, 287.
Morabethes, 209, 240.
More, Sir Thomas, 335.
Mycale, 61.
Mylæ, battle of, 110, 146.
Myonnesus, battle of, 119.
Mysia, 20,
21.
Nabis, 80, 119.
Nabonetus, k. of Babylon, 16.
Nabopolassar, k. of Babylon, 15, 16, 25.
Nachod, battle of, 509.
Nadir Shah, invades India, 442.
Morea (see Greece), conquered by Turks, Näfels, battle of, 250.
Moreau, 458, 460, 462, 465, 477.
Morgarten, battle of, 247.
Morkere, 206, 229.
Mornington, lord, gov. gen. in India, 541.
Moro, Ludovico, 318.
Morosini, 416.
Morse, 487.
Mortimer, Edmund, 270; Roger, 267, 268.
Mortimer's Cross, battle of, 272.
Mortmain, statute of, 266.
Moscow, national centre of Russia, 277;
burning of, 475.
Moshaisk, battle of, 475.
Moslems, 182.
Mt. Cenis tunnel, 520.
Mount Desert, 292, 299.
Mountain, the, in the legislative assembly,
451, 453.
Mowbray, conspiracy of, 270.
Muawwiyah I., caliph, 182.
Mucius Scævola, 95.
Mughal empire, founded, 353; end of, 546.
See, also, India.
Muhammed II., destroyed eastern empire,
278.
Muhammed Ghori, 211, 241; Shah, 442;
Tughlak, 241.
Muhammedanism, in China, 31; origin in
Arabia, 182: conquests in west, 183; in
Persia 192, 193.
Mühlberg, battle of, 305.
Mühldorf, battle of, 247.
Mukhtar Pasha, 523.
Münger, Thomas, 302.
Munich, 312, 492.
Municipal corporations reform act, 541.
Münnich, 410, 411.
Munro, major, 444.
Münster, anabaptists in, 304; negotiations
for peace at, 315.
Murad, I., sultan of the Turks, 278; V.,
deposed, 521.
Murat, 460, 467; g. d. of Berg, 468; k. of
Naples, 470; driven from Naples, 484;
executed, 485.
Murray. See Mansfield, lord.
Murray, earl of, regent, 338.
Nangis, battle of, 480.
Nankin, treaty of, 542, 561.
Nantes, edict, see edict of, 369; revolu
tionary tribunal of, 454.
Nantwich, battle of, 348.
Napata, kingdom of, 5.
Napier, 500.
Naples (see Sicily), separated from Sicily,
under Charles of Anjou, 226; conquered
by Charles VIII.,262; by Alphonso of Ar-
agon, 263; by Louis XII. and Ferdinand,
318; revolt of Masaniello, 327; ceded by
Austria to Spain, 398, 416; transferred
into Parthenopean republic, 460; French
garrison, 463; Bourbons banished, 468;
restored, 483; revolutionary movements,
487, 493; liberated by Garibaldi, 503.
Napoleon I., emp. of the French (see Bona-
parte, Napoleon), crowned, 465; k. of
Italy, 467; protector of the confederacy
of the Rhine, 468; divorced from Jose
phine, 473; birth of the k. of Rome, 474;
campaign of Feb., 1814, 480; abdicated,
481; removed to Elba, 481; return, 483,
526; hundred days, 483; Waterloo, 484;
transported to St. Helena, 484; death,
527; entombment in Paris, 530.
Napoleon III., emp. of the French (see
Louis Napoleon), elected, 499, 531; at-
tempted assassination, 531, 544; war
with Italy, 502, 532; Mexican expedi-
tion, 503; Luxembourg question, 511;
Franco-Prussian war, 513; surrenders to
William III., 517; death, 520, 533.
Narragansett Indians, 359.
Narses, 175, 188.
Narva, battle of, 395.
Narvaez, 285, 286.
Naseby, battle of, 349.
Nassau incorporated with Prussia, 510.
National convention, 447, 451, 452; federa
tion, 450; petition, 542.
Naucraries, 53, 55, 58.
Navarino, battle of, 489, 539.
Navarre, origin, 209; Joanna, heiress of,
marries Philip IV., 254; Charles the Bad,
k. of, 258; in the Huguenot wars, 321.
Navarrete, battle of, 276.
Navigation act, 376; repealed, 543.
Nayler, 377.
Nebraska, admitted to the Union, 559.
Nebuchadnezzar, k. of Babylon, 6, 11, 16.
Necker, 447, 449.
Neerwinden, battle of, 370, 388, 453.
Nehavend, battle of, 182, 193.
Neku, k. of Egypt, 6, 11, 16.
Nelson at Aboukir, 460: at Trafalgar 467
Nemean festival, 42.
Nemed, 39.
Nepalese, conquered by Chinese, 444.
Neptunus, 84.
Nero, C. Claudius, consul, 117.
Nero, Roman emp., 150, 151.
Nerva, Roman emp., 152.
Nesselrode, 482.
Netherlands, acquisition by the house of
Burgundy, 328, 329; war of liberation,
330; independence recognized, 331; war
with Louis XIV., 367; with England,
379, 380; New Amsterdam lost, 358;
Spanish Netherlands given to Austria,
strife with Joseph II., 408; trans-
formed into the Batavian republic, 456;
into the kingdom of Holland, 468; in-
corporated with France, 478; the French
expelled, 479; kingdom of the Nether-
lands formed, 488; Belgium separated
from Holland, 489.
Neuchâtel, given to Prussia, 393; to Ber-
thier, 468; as principality restored to
Prussia, 482; as canton joined to the
Swiss confederacy, 488; revolt from
Prussia, 492; given up by Prussia, 501.
Neuhof, baron, k. of Corsica, 415.
Neustria, decay of, 35; in the 2d division
of the Frankish kingdom, 181; in the 3d,
182, 183; in treaty of Verdun, 187.
Neutrality act, 548.
Nevada admitted to the Union, 558.
Nevers, house of, 311.
Neville's Cross, battle of, 268.
New Albion, west, discovered by Drake,
289; east, granted to Plowden, 293.
New Amsterdam, founded, 298; captured
by English, 358, 379.
Newbury, battles of, 348.
Newcastle, ministry of, 438, 439.
Newcomen, 486.
New England, named, 294; presidency of,
361: Indian hostilities in, 417.
New Forest, 230.
Newfoundland, discovery, 284, 287; Gilbert
takes possession of, 289; grant of a part
to sir Geo. Calvert, 299.
New France, French settlements in, 299;
name extended to the west, 364, 365;
ceded to England, 422.
New Granada, 488.
New Hampshire, granted to Mason, 296;
separated from Massachusetts, 359; in-
surrection in, 432.
New Haven, colony of, 357; union with
Connecticut, 358.
New Jersey, granted to Berkeley and Car-
teret, 358; under Andros, 361; divided
into east and west Jersey, 359.
New Netherlands, agreement with the
restored to England, 359; gov. Andros,
359, 361; gov. Fletcher, 362; gov. Bur-
net, 417; settlement of Conn. boundary,
418; treaty with the Iroquois, 418; occu-
pied by the British, 428; evacuated, 432.
Ney, 467; "bravest of the brave," 475,
477; joined Napoleon, 483; executed, 485
Niagara, expedition against, 421, 423.
Nicæa, council of, 159; Greek empire of,
216.
Nice, truce of, 304; annexed to France,
502.
Nicephorus Phocas, Greek emp., 210.
Nicholas I., tsar of Russia, 488; Polish
revolution, 490; intervention in Hun-
gary, 495; joins Austria, 498; Crimean
war, 499; death, 500.
Nicholas V., anti-pope, 247.
Nicias, 65-67; peace of, 66.
Nicomedes, k. of Bithynia, 78; III., 129,
184.
Niels, k. of Denmark, 208.
Nightingale, Florence, 500.
Nihilists, 525, 526.
Nikita, pr. of Montenegro, 521.
Nikolsburg, truce of, 509.
Nile, battle of the, 460, 536.
Nimrod, k. of Assyria, 5, n. 2; 13.
Nimwegen, peace of, 368.
Nineteen propositions, 347.
Nineveh, on the Tigris, 12; foundation,
14; captured by Cyaxares, 15, 25; battle
of, 192.
Nippon, proper meaning, 32, n. 2.
Nisib, battle of, 491.
Nitta Yoshisada, 243.
Nizam ul Mulk, 442.
Noah, 36, 39.
Noailles, vicomte de, 450.
Nobility in Rome, 101, 102; abolished in
France, 453; new nobility, 467.
Nobunaga, 355, 356.
Noisseville, battle of, 516.
Nola, battle of, 149.
Nollendorf, battle of, 477, 478.
Nombre de Dios, 289.
Non-jurors, 886.
No popery riots, 440.
Nordlingen, battle of, 313.
Nore, mutiny at the, 536.
Noreia, battle of, 127.
Noricum, 148, 167.
Normandy, settled, 202; Vexin annexed
to, 203; duke William conquers Eng-
land, 206; belongs to Henry II. of Eng-
land, 231; conquered by Philip Augus-
tus, 227.
Normans. See Northmen.
North, sir Francis, 382.
united colonies, 357; granted to dukes of North, lord, administration, 400, 425; re-
York and Albany, 358.
New North Wales, 299.
Northampton, battle of, 272.
New Orleans, reserved to France, 422; North Anna, battle of, 558.
Northbrook, lord, viceroy of India, 547.
North Carolina, separated from South Car-
olina, 418; colonial charter suspended,
427; insurrection in, 425; accepted the
constitution of U. S., 547.
Northcote, sir Stafford, 545.
Northern convention, 462 463.
Northern war, 394.
|