Madoc, rebellion of, 264. Madras, in India, 22; founded, 354; cap- tured and restored, 443.
Madrid, Charles in, 392; Napoleon at, 471; taken by Wellington, 474; by the French, 527; peace of, 303.
Mæcenas, 147.
Mælius, Sp. 99.
Magadha, empire of, 28. Magalhæs, F., 280.
Magdeburg, bishopric of, 196; placed un- der ban, 805; stormed by Tilly, 311. Magellan. See Magelhas. Magellan, straits of, 280, 286.
Magenta, battle of, 502.
Magians, 25.
Magister equitum, 94.
Magna Charta, 233, 266, 418. Magnano, battle of, 460. Magnesia, battle of, 78, 119. Magnetic needle, 279.
Magnus the Good, k. of Norway, reign in Denmark, 207 in Norway, 209; II., 209; III., Barfod, 209, 238; IV., the Blind, k. of Norway, 238; ., 238; VI., Lagaboeter, 238.
Maguus, d. of Saxony, 199.
Magnus, k. of Sweden, 237, 238; Smek, k. Marcomanni, 154, 167.
of Sweden, 236. 237.
Mago, 117.
Maha-bharata, Hindu epic, 23. Mahmud, sultan of Ghazni, 211. Mahmud II., sultan of Turkey, Mahratta wars, 444, 541.
Mahrattas, rise of, 389, 443, 444; conquered by the British, 541.
Maid of Norway. See Margaret. Maid of Orleans. See Darc. "Main" plot, 840.
Maine (in America), Pring's voyage, 290; Popham colony, 293; granted to Gorges and Mason, 295, 297; annexed to Mass., 358; restored to heirs of Gorges, ib.; bought by Mass., 359; admitted to the Union, 552.
Maine (in France), 231. Mainots, 488.
Maintenon, Madame de, 369, 371.
Mainz, first archbishop of, 184; elector, 248; electoral archchancellor, 464. Majestätsbrief, 308.
Majorianus, Roman emp., 162. Malacca taken by the Dutch, 353. Malaga, battle of, 434.
Malakoff, storm of the 501.
Malcolm, k. of Scots, 205, 230. Maldon, battle of, 205.
Malmö, truce of, 496.
Malmutius Dunwall, k. of Britain, 37. Malplaquet, battle of, 392, 435.
Malta, Phoenicians settle upon, 17; given to knights of St. John, 217; surrendered to Napoleon, 460; to be restored to the order, 464; not surrendered, 465; given to England, 483.
Malvern Hill, battle of, 557.
Marcy, William L., 555. Mardonius, 56, 60.
Marengo, battle of, 462.
Margaret of Austria, negotiated Paix des Dames, 303; q. of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, 237, 238, 276; wife of Henry VI. of England, 240, 271, 272, 274. Margaret, "The Maid of Norway," 238. Margaret Maultasch, 247, 249.
Margaret of Parma, 330; c. of Salisbury, 335.
Marhattás. See Mahrattas.
Maria Louisa, wife of Napoleon I., 481. Maria Theresa of Austria, heiress of Charles VI., 898; wars with Frederic the Great, 400-406.
Maria Theresa, wife of Louis XIV., 366; died, 369.
Marie Antoinette, unpopularity, 446; exe- cution, 455.
Marienburg, grandmaster at, 218, 277; treaty of, 373.
Marignano, victory of, by Francis I., 319. Marion, Francis, 430.
Marius, C., 82; in Numidia, 127; defeats Cimbri and Teutones, 127, 128; social war, 129; death, 130.
Marius the younger, 131.
Marlborough, d. of, sketch of life, 382; joins William III., 884; in Ireland, 387; disgraced, 387; in the war of the Spanish succession, 391-393, 434; made a duke, 433; dismissed, 393, 435; reinstated, 436.
Marmont, gov. of Illyrian provinces, 472, 481.
Marquette discovers the Mississippi, 364. Mars, 84, 85.
Mamelukes, overthrow the Ayoubites, 217; Marshal, office of, 195.
defeated by Napoleon, 460.
Marshall, John, 549.
Marshall William, regency of, 234. Marsian, or social war, 129.
Marston Moor battle of 348.
Martignac ministry, 527. Martin V., pope, 252.
Martinique, taken by England, ceded to France, 422, 441. Martinitz, 309. Martinsvögel, the, 250.
Mary, heiress of Burgundy, 253.
Mary, the Catholic, q. of England, reign, 330, 336, 338; married Philip of Spain, 336.
Mary Stuart, q. of Scotland, married Fran- cis II. of France, 321; reign, 338; exe- cution, 339.
Maryland, granted to lord Baltimore, 298; rebellion of Clayborne and Ingle, 357; English parliament assumed control, 358; quo warranto against, 361. Masaniello, 327.
Maserfeld, battle of, 180. Masham, Mrs., 434, 435.
Mason, John, grant of Mariana, 295, 296. Mason taken from the Trent, 544, 557. Massachusetts Bay colony founded, 295; separation of general court into two houses, 357; execution of Quakers, 358; reassumed government of Maine, 358; forfeiture of the charter, 360; new char- ter, 361; treaty of peace with the east- ern Indians, 418; adoption of a constitu- tion, 431; insurrection in, 432.
Massagetæ, 27.
Massalia, founded, 19, 141. Massasoit, 295.
Massena, 460, 461, 462, 467, 472; masterly retreat, 473.
Massinissa, 116; dethroned, 117; restored, 118, 121. Matchin, 413.
Matilda, marchioness of Tuscany, 200; her estates accepted by Lothar from the pope, 218; withheld by Henry VI., 223; given to the papacy by Otto IV., 223. Matthias, emp. of the H. R. E., 308. Matthias of Thurn, 309.
Matthias Corvinus, k. of Hungary, 278. Maupeou, 446.
Maupertuis. See Poitiers.
Mauretania, Roman prov., 150.
Mazarin, in thirty years' war, 314; agent of the pope, 325; his administration and death, 366. Mazdak, 189. Mazeppa, 395. Meade, gen., 558. Mecklenburg, 226, 316. Medea, 46.
Media, revolt under Phraortes, 15; geog. raphy, 24; subject to Assyria, 25; re volt suppressed by Sargon, 14: revolt under Phraortes, 15, 25; Median empire, 25; supremacy passed from Media to Persia, 26; revolt suppressed by Da- rius, 27; subject to Parthia, 30; large portion ceded to Armenia, 188. Median wall, 16.
Medici, Alexander de', 327; Catherine de', 321; Cosimo de', created g. d. of Tus- cany, 327 Mary de', regency of, 325. Medici family in Florence, 263; in Flor- ence and Tuscany, 327; extinction, 398. Megacles, 51.
Megalopolis, 71; battle of, 73. Megara, Doric state, 48; ally of Athens, 62; old constitution restored, 63; joined the Peloponnesians, 65. Megiddo, battle of, 6, 11. Mehemed Ali, revolt of, 491, 530. Meissen, origin, 194; given to Conrad of Wettin, 218; eastern part of Thuringia joined to, 225; Frederic of Meissen re- ceives the electorate of Saxony, 252. Melac, 370.
Melanchthon, 303. Melas, 460, 461, 462.
Melbourne, lord, home sec., 539; premier, 540.
Melkart, Phoenician divinity, 17. Meminius, C., 126, 128. Memnon, 5.
Memphis, in Lower Egypt, 2; worship of Ptah, 2; Cambyses in, 27.
Mena, first k. of Egypt, 3, 4. Mendoza, viceroy, 287. Menkaura, k. of Egypt, 4. Menou, 463.
Menschikoff, 410, 500.
Mentana, battle of, 511.
Maurice, Greek emp., 191; of Nassau, 331; Mercia, founded, 179; supremacy of, 180;
Maxen, surrender of, 405.
Maxentius, Roman emp., 158, 159.
Maximianus, 158, 159.
Maximilian, d. of Bavaria, in thirty years' war, 308, 309.
Maximilian, emp. of Mexico, 504. Maximilian I., emp. of the H. R. E., mar- ried heiress of Burgundy, 253; secures succession of Hungary, 278; reign, 300; II., 492, 306. Maximinus, 158, 159.
Maximinus Thrax, Roman emp., 155, 156. May laws in Prussia, 521.
Mayo, lord, viceroy of India, 547.
Mayors of the palace, origin of their power, 182, 183, 184; compared with the sho- guns in Japan 213.
Danes in, 203. Mercurius, 84. Mercy, 314.
Mergentheim, 218; battle of, 315. Meri lake, constructed by Amenemhat I., 4.
Mermnadæ, dynasty in Lydia, 21. Meroe, kingdom in Ethiopia, 5. Merowingians, 35; derivation of the name, 170; defeat Syagrius, 173; Franks un der, 181; superseded by the Carolingi. ans, 184.
Merwan II., last Ommiad caliph, 182. Meschish, k. of Gaul, 36.
Mesopotamia, Roman prov.,
Messenian wars, I., II., 51; III., 62.
Meta Incognita, 289.
Metaurus, battle of the, 117.
Metcalfe, sir Charles, in India, 542
Metellus, L. Cæcilius, defeats Hasdrubal at Panormus, 111.
Metellus (Macedonicus), Q. Cæcilius, in the 4th Macedonian and Achæan war, 122. Metellus (Numanticus), Q. Cæcilius, cap- tures Numantia, 123; defeats Jugurtha, 126; superseded by Marius, 127. Metellus (Pius), Q. Cæcilius, war with Ser- torius, 133; subdues Crete, 134. Methuen treaty, 434. Metoci, 52.
Metternich, at the congress of Prague, 476; of Vienna, 482; of Carlsbad, 487; head of the conservative party, 491; driven from Vienna, 492.
Metz, siege of, 306, 516, 518. Mexican expedition, 503, 532.
Mexico conquered by Cortez, 285; freed from Spanish rule, 488; war with the United States, 554.
Michael Angelo Buonarotti, 328. Michigan admitted to the Union, 553. Michillimachinac, Jesuit mission, 364.
Midas, k. of Phrygia, 22. Middle Kingdom, 32. Middlesex, 178.
Mieczeslav II., leader of the Poles, 198. Miguel, Don, of Portugal, 488. Mikado. See Japan.
Milan, captured by Scipio, 35; captured by Barbarossa and destroyed, 221; rebuilt, ib.; under the Visconti and Sforza, 262; war between Charles V., and Francis I., concerning, 304, 319; Philip invested with, ib.; claims of Louis XII. to, 318; appanage of Spain, 326; assigned to the emperor, 333; Victor Emmanuel in, 562. Milan decree, 550.
Milan, pr. of Servia, 521; becomes k., 526. Milesians settle at the mouth of the Tigris, 28; in Ireland, 39.
Miletus, in league with Croesus, 21, 28; Ionians settle, 49; battle of, 67. Milhaud, confederation of, 322.
Military roads in Persia, 28; constructed in Italy, 82; in Britain, 176.
Millenary petition, 340.
Millesimo, battle of, 458.
Milo, S. Annius, 139.
Miltiades, 28; at Marathon, 57. Milton, John, 389.
Minamoto family, 212, 213, 242.
Minden, battle of, 405.
Mineptah, k. of Egypt, 5.
Ming dynasty in China, 242.
Minnesota admitted to Union, 556. Minos, k. of Crete, 18, 46. Minotaur, 18.
Minto, lord, gov. gen. in India, 541. Minucius, M., 114.
Minuit, Peter, 298. Minyæ, 43, 46, 48, 49.
Mir Jafar, 443, 444; Kosim, 444. Mirabeau, C., 449, 451.
Miramichi Bay, discovery of, 287. Miranda, 550.
Misenum, treaty of, 146. Missi regis, 186.
Missionary Ridge battle of, 558
Mississippi admitted to the Union, 551. Mississippi river, discov. 287, 364; possession taken for France, 362, 365; claimed by France, 420; navigation free to England and France, 422; to England and the United States, 432. Missolonghi, 488.
Missouri admitted to the Union, 552. Missouri compromise, 552. Mithra, 25.
Mithridates, I., founded Parthian empire, 30; II., k. of Parthia, 30.
Mithridates VI., k. of Pontus, his power, 129; Sulla concluded peace with, 131; alliance of Sertorius with, 133; killed himself, 136.
Mithridatic wars, I., 129; II., 132; III., 134. Mobile colony, 365. Mocenigo, adm., 416. Möckern, battle of, 478. Modena, 416, 458. Moesia, 148, 153.
Mohacs, battle of, 303, 372. Mohammed, 182.
Moira, lord, gov. gen. in India, 541. Molai, Jacques de, 255. Moldavia, 395, 488. Molé, ministry of, 530. Molière, 371.
Mollwitz, battle of, 401. Moloch, 17, 18. Moltke, 508, 509, 517. Momemphis, battle of, 6.
Mom peson, impeachment of, 342. Monasteries in Ireland, 39; suppressed in England, 335; in Austria, 407; in France, 534; in Rome and Papal states, 520. Mondovi, battle of, 458. Mongols, defeated by the Chinese, 32; in- vasion of Germany, 240; conquest of China, 242; repulse from Japan, 243; supremacy in Russia, 277; check the Os- man power, 278. Monk, 376, 377, 378. Monmouth, battle of, 430. Monmouth, d. of, 382, 383. Monroe doctrine, 552.
Monroe, James, 550, 551. Mons sacer, 96, 98.
Montague, proceedings against, 342, 387.
Montaigne, Michael, 324.
Montcalm, 421, 422.
Montebello, battle of, 502.
Montenegro, war with the Porte, 521,
became independent, 524.
Montereau, 259; battle of, 480.
Monterey, battle of, 554.
Montesquieu, 448.
Montezuma, Mexican empire of, 285.
Montgomery, general, 427.
Montl'hery, battle of, 260.
Montmartre, storm of, 481.
Montreal, settled by Maisonneuve, 300; sur rendered to English, 422; captured by Montgomery, 427.
Montrose, marquis of, plots against Argyle,
346; campaign, in Scotland, 348; execu- tion, 375.
Monts, sieur de, 290. Moors, origin, 183; conquer Spain, 183; caliphate, 209; conquered by Almora- vides, 209; by Almohades, 240; conquest of Granada, 276. Moqui Cañon, 287. Morabethes, 209, 240.
More, Sir Thomas, 335.
Mycale, 61. Mylæ, battle of, 110, 146. Myonnesus, battle of, 119. Mysia, 20, 21.
Nabis, 80, 119.
Nabonetus, k. of Babylon, 16. Nabopolassar, k. of Babylon, 15, 16, 25. Nachod, battle of, 509.
Nadir Shah, invades India, 442.
Morea (see Greece), conquered by Turks, Näfels, battle of, 250.
Moreau, 458, 460, 462, 465, 477.
Morgarten, battle of, 247.
Morkere, 206, 229.
Mornington, lord, gov. gen. in India, 541. Moro, Ludovico, 318. Morosini, 416. Morse, 487.
Mortimer, Edmund, 270; Roger, 267, 268. Mortimer's Cross, battle of, 272.
Mortmain, statute of, 266.
Moscow, national centre of Russia, 277; burning of, 475.
Moshaisk, battle of, 475. Moslems, 182.
Mt. Cenis tunnel, 520. Mount Desert, 292, 299.
Mountain, the, in the legislative assembly, 451, 453.
Mowbray, conspiracy of, 270. Muawwiyah I., caliph, 182. Mucius Scævola, 95.
Mughal empire, founded, 353; end of, 546. See, also, India.
Muhammed II., destroyed eastern empire, 278.
Muhammed Ghori, 211, 241; Shah, 442; Tughlak, 241.
Muhammedanism, in China, 31; origin in Arabia, 182: conquests in west, 183; in Persia 192, 193.
Mühlberg, battle of, 305. Mühldorf, battle of, 247. Mukhtar Pasha, 523.
Münger, Thomas, 302. Munich, 312, 492.
Municipal corporations reform act, 541. Münnich, 410, 411. Munro, major, 444.
Münster, anabaptists in, 304; negotiations for peace at, 315.
Murad, I., sultan of the Turks, 278; V., deposed, 521.
Murat, 460, 467; g. d. of Berg, 468; k. of Naples, 470; driven from Naples, 484; executed, 485.
Murray. See Mansfield, lord.
Murray, earl of, regent, 338.
Nangis, battle of, 480.
Nankin, treaty of, 542, 561.
Nantes, edict, see edict of, 369; revolu tionary tribunal of, 454. Nantwich, battle of, 348. Napata, kingdom of, 5. Napier, 500.
Naples (see Sicily), separated from Sicily, under Charles of Anjou, 226; conquered by Charles VIII.,262; by Alphonso of Ar- agon, 263; by Louis XII. and Ferdinand, 318; revolt of Masaniello, 327; ceded by Austria to Spain, 398, 416; transferred into Parthenopean republic, 460; French garrison, 463; Bourbons banished, 468; restored, 483; revolutionary movements, 487, 493; liberated by Garibaldi, 503. Napoleon I., emp. of the French (see Bona- parte, Napoleon), crowned, 465; k. of Italy, 467; protector of the confederacy of the Rhine, 468; divorced from Jose phine, 473; birth of the k. of Rome, 474; campaign of Feb., 1814, 480; abdicated, 481; removed to Elba, 481; return, 483, 526; hundred days, 483; Waterloo, 484; transported to St. Helena, 484; death, 527; entombment in Paris, 530. Napoleon III., emp. of the French (see Louis Napoleon), elected, 499, 531; at- tempted assassination, 531, 544; war with Italy, 502, 532; Mexican expedi- tion, 503; Luxembourg question, 511; Franco-Prussian war, 513; surrenders to William III., 517; death, 520, 533. Narragansett Indians, 359. Narses, 175, 188. Narva, battle of, 395. Narvaez, 285, 286. Naseby, battle of, 349.
Nassau incorporated with Prussia, 510. National convention, 447, 451, 452; federa tion, 450; petition, 542. Naucraries, 53, 55, 58. Navarino, battle of, 489, 539.
Navarre, origin, 209; Joanna, heiress of, marries Philip IV., 254; Charles the Bad, k. of, 258; in the Huguenot wars, 321. Navarrete, battle of, 276. Navigation act, 376; repealed, 543. Nayler, 377.
Nebraska, admitted to the Union, 559. Nebuchadnezzar, k. of Babylon, 6, 11, 16. Necker, 447, 449.
Neerwinden, battle of, 370, 388, 453. Nehavend, battle of, 182, 193. Neku, k. of Egypt, 6, 11, 16.
Nelson at Aboukir, 460: at Trafalgar 467
Nemean festival, 42. Nemed, 39.
Nepalese, conquered by Chinese, 444. Neptunus, 84.
Nero, C. Claudius, consul, 117. Nero, Roman emp., 150, 151. Nerva, Roman emp., 152. Nesselrode, 482.
Netherlands, acquisition by the house of Burgundy, 328, 329; war of liberation, 330; independence recognized, 331; war with Louis XIV., 367; with England, 379, 380; New Amsterdam lost, 358; Spanish Netherlands given to Austria, strife with Joseph II., 408; trans- formed into the Batavian republic, 456; into the kingdom of Holland, 468; in- corporated with France, 478; the French expelled, 479; kingdom of the Nether- lands formed, 488; Belgium separated from Holland, 489.
Neuchâtel, given to Prussia, 393; to Ber- thier, 468; as principality restored to Prussia, 482; as canton joined to the Swiss confederacy, 488; revolt from Prussia, 492; given up by Prussia, 501. Neuhof, baron, k. of Corsica, 415. Neustria, decay of, 35; in the 2d division of the Frankish kingdom, 181; in the 3d, 182, 183; in treaty of Verdun, 187.
Neutrality act, 548.
Nevada admitted to the Union, 558. Nevers, house of, 311.
Neville's Cross, battle of, 268.
New Albion, west, discovered by Drake, 289; east, granted to Plowden, 293.
New Amsterdam, founded, 298; captured by English, 358, 379. Newbury, battles of, 348.
Newcastle, ministry of, 438, 439. Newcomen, 486.
New England, named, 294; presidency of, 361: Indian hostilities in, 417. New Forest, 230.
Newfoundland, discovery, 284, 287; Gilbert takes possession of, 289; grant of a part to sir Geo. Calvert, 299.
New France, French settlements in, 299; name extended to the west, 364, 365; ceded to England, 422. New Granada, 488.
New Hampshire, granted to Mason, 296; separated from Massachusetts, 359; in- surrection in, 432.
New Haven, colony of, 357; union with Connecticut, 358.
New Jersey, granted to Berkeley and Car- teret, 358; under Andros, 361; divided into east and west Jersey, 359. New Netherlands, agreement with the
restored to England, 359; gov. Andros, 359, 361; gov. Fletcher, 362; gov. Bur- net, 417; settlement of Conn. boundary, 418; treaty with the Iroquois, 418; occu- pied by the British, 428; evacuated, 432. Ney, 467; "bravest of the brave," 475, 477; joined Napoleon, 483; executed, 485 Niagara, expedition against, 421, 423. Nicæa, council of, 159; Greek empire of, 216.
Nice, truce of, 304; annexed to France, 502.
Nicephorus Phocas, Greek emp., 210. Nicholas I., tsar of Russia, 488; Polish revolution, 490; intervention in Hun- gary, 495; joins Austria, 498; Crimean war, 499; death, 500. Nicholas V., anti-pope, 247. Nicias, 65-67; peace of, 66. Nicomedes, k. of Bithynia, 78; III., 129, 184.
Niels, k. of Denmark, 208. Nightingale, Florence, 500. Nihilists, 525, 526.
Nikita, pr. of Montenegro, 521. Nikolsburg, truce of, 509. Nile, battle of the, 460, 536. Nimrod, k. of Assyria, 5, n. 2; 13. Nimwegen, peace of, 368.
Nineteen propositions, 347.
Nineveh, on the Tigris, 12; foundation, 14; captured by Cyaxares, 15, 25; battle of, 192.
Nippon, proper meaning, 32, n. 2. Nisib, battle of, 491. Nitta Yoshisada, 243. Nizam ul Mulk, 442. Noah, 36, 39.
Noailles, vicomte de, 450.
Nobility in Rome, 101, 102; abolished in France, 453; new nobility, 467. Nobunaga, 355, 356. Noisseville, battle of, 516. Nola, battle of, 149. Nollendorf, battle of, 477, 478. Nombre de Dios, 289. Non-jurors, 886. No popery riots, 440. Nordlingen, battle of, 313. Nore, mutiny at the, 536. Noreia, battle of, 127. Noricum, 148, 167.
Normandy, settled, 202; Vexin annexed to, 203; duke William conquers Eng- land, 206; belongs to Henry II. of Eng- land, 231; conquered by Philip Augus- tus, 227.
Normans. See Northmen. North, sir Francis, 382.
united colonies, 357; granted to dukes of North, lord, administration, 400, 425; re-
York and Albany, 358.
New North Wales, 299.
Northampton, battle of, 272.
New Orleans, reserved to France, 422; North Anna, battle of, 558.
Northbrook, lord, viceroy of India, 547. North Carolina, separated from South Car- olina, 418; colonial charter suspended, 427; insurrection in, 425; accepted the constitution of U. S., 547. Northcote, sir Stafford, 545. Northern convention, 462 463. Northern war, 394.
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