Name a few crimes which render the person committing them liable to arrest. . . .

...

[11 named by first candidate: 3 named by second.]

How should a Patrolman act toward citizens; and toward his superior officers ?

He should act sivel and cour

teas to all citizens and obey the comands of his superior officers.

No answer.

What experience, if any, have you had specially fitting you for Patrolman . . . ?

During my experience as Seaman & Life Saving crew I have been exposed to all sorts of weather and changes of climates and I have never worked any place but in the open air and can stand any kind of weather

I have no experience.

Have you ever been placed in any position where your courage been tested? If so, give the circumstances fully.

I saved one boy from drowning at old penny bridge Newtown creek and a man at the foot of North 4th st-and 1 man & 1 woman in San Francisco, Cal.409

I have not.

has

But many of our offices are still obtained in the old Jacksonian way. The following scene in the White House was reported in the New York Times of 1889:

A little while ago I stood in the President's room, with forty or fifty others, .. while at least twice as many more were waiting for a chance at him in an adjoining room. . . . During the time these

gentlemen were waiting, a delegation of citizens were recommending their candidate, who was present, for the Postmastership of a town which had, perhaps, barely risen to the dignity of a place in the gazetteer. . . .

The next morning I dropped into Mr. Secretary Windom's room. That was a sight! Perhaps some of you know that it is one of the largest apartments in the Treasury Building. Well, it was not only full, but it had a "surplus"; and all these were candidates and their friends. Are there really Custom Houses enough to go 'round? The Secretary stood at his table at the far end of the room, one foot resting upon his chair- already, perhaps, fatigued, for it was now noon-receiving each individual and party in turn, and occasionally making a note of what they had to recommend. The tide was still at the flood when I left the room, and I went away wondering where and at what hour of the day or night he attended to the momentous affairs of his department... .410

Those who are trying to have laws passed so that most of the offices of the country shall be obtained by the method of examination, are known as Civil Service Reformers.

As for the question as to how a man can vote as he really thinks, so that he will neither be bribed nor frightened into giving his vote, many states have answered it by adopting the Australian ballot, which is so cast that no one except the voter can know what names are upon it.

Unanswered Questions. But as to the labor question, the race problem, the suffrage questions, we are not yet sure as to which are the right answers out of the many which are given; to find these answers out are the next Studies in American History.

STUDY ON 4.

1. Look in to-day's newspaper and make a list of the questions of the day which you find mentioned in it. 2. How can we find answers to the

questions of to-day? 3. If we think we have found the right answer, how can we let other people know about it? 4. How can we make the government give the right answer in its laws and acts? 5. What question does giving money to poor people try to answer? 6. What question does a strike try to answer, and how? 7. What question do we try to answer by making a law that no idiots or criminals shall be allowed to immigrate? 8. What question did the McKinley bill try to answer? (See list, 1890.) 9. Give three reasons why the first candidate for the office of policeman should be chosen rather than the second? 10. Of what use was each question asked? 11. What is the Jacksonian way of obtaining office? 12. Whose time is taken up with deciding upon candidates by this plan? 13. What do they know about the candidates? 14. How did the postmaster get his office in your town? 15. How can a secret ballot make it easier for a workingman

to vote as he thinks?

5. THE INDIAN QUESTION.

We love our country; we know not other lands. We hear that other lands are better; we do not know. The pines sing, and we are glad. Our children play in the warm sand; we hear them sing, and are glad. The seeds ripen, and we have to eat, and we are glad. We do not want their good lands; we want our rocks, and the great mountains where our fathers lived. - An Arizona Indian to the white explorers.+11

Apaches in Arizona. During Grant's administration, we had unusual trouble with the Western Indians. The following account of the state of affairs in Arizona in 1869 and 1870 is given by a cavalry officer who served with General Crook:

I have in my possession copies of the Arizona newspapers of those years, which are filled with accounts of Apache raids and

murders and of counter-raids and counter-murders. No man's life was safe for a moment outside the half-dozen large towns, while in the smaller villages and ranchos sentinels were kept posted by day

and packs of dogs were turned loose at night. All travel, even on the main roads, had to be done between sunset and sunrise; the terrorized ranchmen who endeavored to till a few acres of barley or corn in the bottoms did so with cocked revolvers on hip and loaded rifles slung to the plow-handles.

UNITED STATES CAVALRY

OFFICER.

(After Photograph.)

To relieve these settlers, General Crook was sent out by the government; after most desperate encounters, in which great num

bers of the Apaches resisted to the death, one of their head chiefs said to General Crook:

"My friend, I have come to surrender my people, because you have too many copper cartridges; I want to be your friend; I want my women and children to be able to sleep at night, and make fires to cook their food without bringing your troops down upon us. . . ." Crook took [the chief's]... hand and said: "If your people will only behave yourselves and stop killing the whites, I will be the best friend you ever had. I will teach you to work, and will find you a market for everything you can sell."

It sounds like a fairy tale, I know, but . . . before the end of May 1873, Crook had all the Apaches in Arizona [except one tribe]. .. hard at work... digging irrigation ditches, planting vegetables of all kinds, corn, melon, and squashes, - cutting hay and wood to sell... for the use of the troops, living in houses arranged in neatly swept streets, and in every way on the high road to prosperity and civilization.... Here were six thousand of the worst Indians in America. . . taking on a new life. . . . The future of these Indians

looked most promising, when a gang of politicians. . . exerted an influence in Washington, and had the Apaches ordered down to the desolate sand waste of the San Carlos [Reservation], where the water is brackish, the soil poor, and the flies a plague. It is the old old story of Indian mismanagement.

412

On an Indian Reservation in Idaho. In a letter written to the New York Times of 1889, we see how life is passed on an Indian reservation, near old Fort Hall:

There is a row of plain but reasonably comfortable cabins, the homes of the agent, the physician, the volunteer teachers, and other employees....

Further away, partly hidden by clumps of dry bushes, are the cabins of some of Uncle Sam's red pensioners, . . . [made] of poles and cotton cloth.... There are not many Indians in sight, most of those about here being asleep. Three or four stand in a cluster about their ponies, tied to a post near the agency trader's store. . . . We go into the nearest [lodge]. . . There are two or three bucks and two squaws lying down, with their heads to the edge of the lodge and their feet toward a scant fire of sage bush, from which there rises a curl of stinging smoke that blinds the unaccustomed eye. . . . All the adults are rolled up in their blankets and asleep, although it is just past noon.

...

Every Saturday the whole batch of Indians on the reservation flock to the agency. They ride in on their ponies, with blankets flapping and hair streaming in the wind, some with their faces liberally coated with yellow ochre, to take their share of the fifteen beeves that Uncle Sam has killed and cut up for them. . . . When they have received their beef and flour they eat it up. He is a very prudent savage, indeed, who has anything to show of his weekly ration on Sunday night. . . .413

The Indian at School. - Besides the scattered schools on the reservations, Indians are educated at the schools of Hampton and Carlisle. A Hampton teacher thus describes the work :