plexion. Laughter raises the corners of the mouth ftill higher, giving the fame direction to the line of the brows, difcovers both rows of the teeth, moiftens and almost shuts the eyes, diffuses wrinkles over several parts of the cheeks and forehead, and affects the voice in a very sensible and peculiar manner.

406. I need not enter further into the detail of this fubject; what has been faid may ferve as a fpecimen, and that is 'perhaps fufficient. Defcriptions of physiognomy it is not eafy to make intelligible without drawings; and if one had a good afsortment of these, little description would be neceffary. Le Brun's Paffions are in every print-fhop, and must be allowed to have confiderable merit; though the features expreffive of the more violent emotions are perhaps exaggerated into what the Italians call caricatura: Chodowiecki has made fome valuable additions to Le Brun, which may be found in Lavater.-I conclude with obferving, that several energies of the understanding, as belief, doubt, perplexity, denial, &c. do alfo difplay them3 A 2 felves

felves vifibly in the look and gesture; as may be seen in that admirable Cartoon of Raffaelle, which reprefents Paul preaching at Athens.

The End of PSYCHOLOGY.

ELE

ELE ME ENT S

O F

MORALS SCIENCE.

PART SECOND.

NATURAL THEOLOGY.

407.

INTRODUCTION.

N

ATURAL THEOLOGY explains what human reason can difcover concerning the being and attributes of God. It is a fcience of boundless extent; but we must confine ourfelves to a few general principles. In

respect

"

refpect of certainty it is equal to any fcience; for its proofs rife to demonstration in point of dignity it is fuperior to all others; its object being the Creator of the Universe and its utility is fo great, that it lays the only fure foundation of human fociety and human happiness. The proofs of the Divine Existence are innumerable, and continually force themfelves upon our obfervation; and are withal fo clear and ftriking, that nothing but the most obstinate prejudice, and extreme depravity of both heart and understanding, could ever bring any rational being to disbelieve, or doubt of it. With good reafon, therefore, it is, that the Pfalmift calls the man "a fool, who faith in his

heart, There is no God."-Without belief in God, a confiderate perfon (if it were poffible for fuch a perfon to be without this belief) could never poffefs tranquillity or comfort; for to him the world would feem a chaos of mifery and confufion. But where this belief is eftablished, all things appear to be right, and to have a benevolent tendency; and give encouragement

couragement to. hope, patience, fubmiffion, gratitude, adoration, and other good affections effential to human felicity.

408. That men, from education or from nature, might have fome notion of duty, even though they were to harden themselves into Atheists, can hardly be doubted: but that notion would, in fuch men, be wholly ineffectual. From the fear of fhame, or of human laws, the atheist may be decent in his outward behaviour; but he cannot act from any nobler principle. And if at any time he could promote (what he takes to be) his interest, by the commiffion of the greatest crime, it is plain that there would be nothing to restrain him, provided he could conceal his guilt; which any man might do occafionally, and which men of great wealth or power could do at any time. Atheism is utterly fubverfive of morality, and confequently of happiness: and as to a community, or political fociety, of atheifts, it is plainly impoffible, and never took place in any nation.-They therefore, who teach atheistical doctrines, or who en

deavour