TABLE I.-By this Table the Sun's rising and setting may be found in any part of the kingdom. Find the Sun's Declination, north or south, in the Calendar pages, for the day required: then look into the first column of this Table for the corresponding number of degrees; and in the same line, under the latitude of the place required, will be found the hours and minutes of the Sun's setting; subtract the same from twelve hours, and you have the time of his rising: double the hours and minutes of setting, and you have the length of the day: subtract the same from twenty-four hours, and the remainder is the length of the night.-This process gives the Sun's rising and setting to apparent time: to which, if the equation of time, given in the Calendar, be applied, the result will be the true clock time.

TABLE II. and TABLE III.-From these Tables the approximate Time of the Southing of the principal Fixed Stars may be found, as follows:-Add to the Mean Solar Time of the Southing of the First Point of Aries, the hours and minutes of the Right Ascension of any given Star, the result will be the Mean Time from Noon of its Southing, or passing the Meridian. When the result exceeds 24 hours, then subtract from it 24 hours, and the remainder will be the time sought from Noon. It is almost unnecessary to say, when the Southing of a Star comes out 13 hours it is the same as one o'clock in the morning, and when 14 hours, two o'clock, &c.

Note. This method will answer equally for the Southing of the Planets by using their Right Ascension, as given on the top of the Months of the Calendar; and when this is done, if with the Planets' Declination you take the corresponding hours and minutes (having regard to the latitude of the place) from Table I., and subtract the same from their Southing, you have the time of rising; and by adding, the time of setting.

TABLE IV.—If to the time of High Water at London Bridge, as given in the Calendar, you apply the hours and minutes corresponding to any place mentioned in this Table, you have the time of High Water at that place. At Aberdeen Bar, the time of High Water happens 56 minutes before the time of High Water at London; at Aberdovy, 5 hours and 23 minutes after; at Aldborough, 8 hours and 38 minutes after; at Chatham, 1h. 13m. before, &c.

Note.-Where (a) is annexed to the hours and minutes, it implies that they are to be added to the time of High Water at London; and (s) annexed shows that the hours and minutes here given are to be subtracted, and therefore the time of High Water at such places is before that at London Bridge.

Astronomical Characters, used in this Almanack, explained.-O The Sun, The Moon, Mercury, Venus, o Mars, 4 Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, or the Georgium Sidus, Aries Taurus, II Gemini, Cancer, 2 Leo, my Virgo, Libra, m Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricornus, Aquarius, X Pisces, & Moon's Ascending Node, 6 Conjunction, Quartile.

SOLAR AND LUNAR ECLIPSES, 1849.*

WITHIN the revolution of this year there will be four eclipses, two of the Sun, and two of the Moon.

The first is an annular eclipse of the Sun, on Friday, the 23d of February, very early in the morning, and therefore must be invisible to us. The ecliptical conjunction of the Sun and Moon will take place at 30 minutes past one. The central eclipse will begin on the earth at Oh. 25m. a. m., in longitude 93° 35' east of Greenwich, and latitude 32° 24′ north; and will end at 2h. 51m. a. m., in longitude 148° 55' west, and latitude 62° 39′ north.

The second is a partial eclipse of the Moon, commencing late in the night of Thursday, the 8th of March, when the Moon is near the meridian; and of course will be visible throughout the island of Great Britain, Ireland, &c.

At the time of the first contact of the Moon with the Earth's dark shadow, the Moon will be vertical, in latitude north 5°26′, and longitude east from Greenwich 10° 51'; at the middle of the eclipse she will be in the zenith, in latitude north 5° 11', and longitude west 10° 55'; and at the last contact with the Earth's dark shadow the Moon will be overhead, in latitude north 4° 55', and longitude west 32° 45'. Therefore this eclipse will be visible to all Europe and Africa, and to some parts of Asia and America.

The following type, adapted for Greenwich, will serve, without perceptible error, the whole kingdom. At Greenwich the eclipse will begin at 25 minutes past 11 at night; the middle will be at 55 minutes after 12; and the eclipse will terminate at 25 minutes past 2, in the morning of Friday the 9th.

Note.-At York this eclipse will begin and end 4 minutes, and at Liverpool 1minutes, earlier than at Greenwich; but at Dover 5 minutes later.

The third is a total eclipse of the Sun, on the morning of Saturday, the 18th of August, but invisible to us. The ecliptical conjunction of the Sun and Moot will happen at 33 minutes past 5. The central eclipse will commence at 4 28m. a. m., in longitude 32° 23' east of Greenwich, and latitude 32° 22′ south. and will terminate at 6h. 53m. a. m., in longitude 145° 21′ east, and latitude 58° 42' south.

The fourth and last eclipse pertaining to this year is another partial one of the Moon, in the afternoon of Sunday, the 2d of September, but invisible to the

inhabitants of Great Britain.

At the time of the first contact of the Moon with the earth's dark shadow, the Moon will be in the zenith, in latitude south 8° 41', and longitude 122° 38' eas at the middle of the eclipse she will be overhead, in latitude south 8° 28',

• These Eclipses, and all the rest of the Astronomical Computations in this Almanack adapted for the meridian and latitude of the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, except w otherwise expressed.

longitude east 102° 33′; and at the last contact with the earth's dark shadow, the orb of night will occupy the zenith, in latitude south 8° 15′, and longitude east 82° 28'. This eclipse, therefore, will be visible throughout Asia, and the eastern parts of Europe, and in every portion of Africa.

The eclipse, with regard to Greenwich, will begin at 47 minutes past 3 o'clock in the afternoon; middle 10 minutes past 5; and the end will be at 33 minutes past 6. The Moon will rise that evening, at London and neighbourhood, at 49 minutes past 6, which, according to the above calculations, will be sixteen minutes after the termination of the eclipse.

The weather was very unfavourable for observing the notable eclipse of the Sun, on the morning of Saturday, the 9th of October, 1847, at almost all places in England where it was annular; though at Dover and Folkestone the eclipse was seen pretty well, yet intervening clouds prevented the annularity from being noticed. In the northern parts of the kingdom, beyond the bounds of the annular appearance, the eclipse was seen with particular interest; and my much esteemed astronomical friend, Mr. Moses Holden, of Preston, in Lancashire, was enabled to make many observations of this phenomenon, at Howick House, the seat of Thomas Norris, Esq.

The next notable eclipse of the Sun will be in July, 1851, which will be the largest we shall have in England till the famous one of March 15th, 1858.

LUNAR OCCULTATIONS, 1849.

1. THE star in Taurus, January 5th, in the night: immersion 10h. 39m., and emersion, 11h. 27m.-2. The star in Virgo, May 30th, in the night: immersion, 10h. 26m.: emersion, 11h. 34m.-3. y in Taurus, again, October 6th, in the morning: immersion, 1h. 40m.: emersion, 2h. 53m.-4. Aldebaran, a bright star in Taurus, on the 30th of November, in the morning: immersion, 3h. 43m.; and emersion, 4h. 42m.

Note.—During the previous night, and this morning, several small stars will be occulted, but a good telescope will be requisite for observing them.

THE STARS OF NIGHT.

WHENCE are your glorious goings forth, ye children of the sky;
In whose bright silence seems the power of all eternity?
For time hath let his shadow fall o er many an ancient light;
But
ye walk above in brightness still, O glorious stars of night!
The vestal lamp in Grecian fanes hath faded long ago;

On Persian hills the worshipp'd flame hath lost its ancient glow;
And long the heaven-sent fire is gone, with Salem's temple bright;
But
ye watch o'er wandering Israel yet, O changeless stars of night!
Long have you look'd upon the earth, o'er vale and mountain-brow;
Ye saw the ancient cities rise, and gild their ruins now:

Ye beam upon the cottage home,-the conqueror's path of might,-
And shed your light alike on all, O princeless stars of night!
But where are they who learn'd from you the fates of coming time,
Ere yet the pyramids arose amid their desert clime?

Yet still in wilds and deserts far, ye bless the watcher's sight,
And shine where bark hath never been, O lonely stars of night!
Much have ye seen of human tears, of human hope and love;
And fearful deeds of darkness too,-ye witnesses above!
Say, will that black'ning record live for ever in your sight,
Watching for judgment on the earth, O sleepless stars of night?
Yet glorious was your song that rose with the fresh morning's dawn;
And still amid our summer sky its echo lingers on;

Though ye have shone on many a grave, since Eden's early blight,
Ye tell of hope and glory still, O death.ess stars of night!

F. B.

FAIR AND FOUL WEATHER TABLE.

IMPROVED AND ILLUSTRATED BY THE LATE REV. ADAM CLARKE, LL.D. THIS Table, and the accompanying Remarks, are the result of many years' actual observation: the whole being constructed on a due consideration of the attraction of the Sun and Moon in their several positions rejecting the Earth, and will, by simple inspection, show the observer what kind of weather most probably follow the entrance of the Moon into any of her Quarters, and that so near the truth

1. The nearer the time of the Moon's Change, First Quarter, Full, and Last Quarter, is to MIDNIGHT, the fairer will the weather be during the seven days following.

2. The space for this calculation occupies from ten at night till two next morning.

3. The nearer to MID-DAY, or NOON, these phases of the MOON happen, the more foul or wet the weather may be expected during the next seven days.

4. The space of this calculation occupies from ten in the forenoon to two in the afternoon. These observations refer principally to Summer, though they affect Spring and Autumn nearly in the same ratio.

5. The Moon's Change, First Quarter, Full, and Last Quarter, happening during six of the afternoon hours, 1. e., from four to ten, may be followed by fair weather: but this is mostly dependent on the WIND, as it is noted in the Table.

6. Though the weather, from a variety of irregular causes, is more uncertain in the latter part of Autumn, the whole of Winter, and the beginning of Spring, yet, in the main, the above observations will apply to those periods also.

ECLIPSES OF JUPITER'S SATELLITES, MEAN TIME, 1849.

The mean height of the Barometer for the year was 29.931 inches, and the Thermometer in the shade 49-56 degrees. The depth of rain was 18:119 inches. The coldest day at Greenwich was the 12th of February, and the hottest the 12th of July. July was the driest, and August the wettest, month of the year.

Note. The mean monthly temperature at Greenwich, as taken for fifteen years, including 1846, is as follows:-January, 37.3 deg.; February, 38.2 deg.; March, 414 deg.; April, 46-4 deg.; May, 53.9 deg.; June, 60-6 deg.; July, 62.3 deg.; August, 61.8 deg.; September, 56.9 deg.; October, 49.3 deg.; November, 434 deg.; and December, 39-2 deg. Annual mean, 49.23 deg.

The following remarks, for 1847, were communicated to me by MR. W. FANCOURT, taken from his meteorological journal, kept at Empingham, near Stamford, in Rutlandshire:-The first three months of 1847 were often frosty, with frequent falls of snow. On the 20th of January the snow began to fall at night, and continued, without intermission, until 11 a. m. on the 22d. Thunder in March. In April sharp frosts, and snow at times: black-thorn in blow about the 24th; and the first swallow seen on the 29th. During this and the other spring months, there was so much honey-dew, that its equal can scarcely be remembered: it destroyed the beautiful foliage of trees; and the currant-trees in my garden were partly killed by it. Gilbert White says, "The occasion of this clammy appearance seems to be this that in hot weather the effluvia of flowers, in fields and gardens, are drawn up in the day by a brisk evaporation, and in the night fall down again with the dews, in which they are entangled." In June and July there were myriads of smother-flies, which destroyed the pea and bean crops. A very heavy thunder-storm, on the 8th of the latter month. The harvest, which commenced about the 9th of August, was abundant; and the weather being fine, it was secured with little trouble. The rain in September was below average; but October was often showery and wet. The great Solar Eclipse, on the 9th of October, was visible here only for a few minutes, about 8 o'clock, the sky being obscured with clouds. On the 18th the grey crow was first seen; and on the night of the 24th we had a splendid exhibition of the Aurora Borealis, November was dry; and the lowest temperature, at 2 p. m., was 41 degrees. Many spring-flowering plants were in blow in December; and the weather continued open and pleasant till the 21st. May was the wettest and July the driest month in the year. Total depth of rain, 22-68 inches.

THE FOUR QUARTERS OF THE YEAR, 1849.

The Spring Quarter begins March 20, 5h. 13m. aft.
The Summer Quarter begins June 21, 2h. 8m. aft.

The Autumn Quarter begins Sept. 23, 4h. 3m. mo.
The Winter Quarter begins Dec. 21, 9h. 42m. aft.

LAW TERMS, 1849.

Hilary Term begins Jan. 11, and ends January 31. | Trinity Term begins May 22, and ends June 12. Easter Term begins April 15, and ends May 8.

Michaelmas Term begins Nov. 2, and ends Nov. 26.

THE SOUTHING OF THE PLANETS, 1849.

WHEN a planet is due south it is at its greatest altitude, appears the brightest, (if in the night,) and best situated for observation.-Mars souths October 5, at five; October 17, at half-past four; October 27, at four; November 5, at half-past three; November 12, at three; November 19, at half-past two in the morning: he souths on November 25, at two; December 1, at half-past one; December 7, at one; and December 12, at half-an-hour before one in the morning: he souths December 17, at midnight; December 22, at half-past eleven; and on December 27th, at eleven o'clock at night.-Jupiter souths January 14, at two; and January 27, at one in the morning: he souths February 9, at midnight; February 22, at eleven; March 8, at ten, and March 22, at nine, at night: he souths April 6, at eight, and April 22, at seven in the evening: on December 14, at six, and December 30, at five in the morning. Saturn souths January 4, at half-past four in the afternoon; August 13, at three; August 29, at two; and September 12, at one in the morning; he souths September 26, at midnight; October 10, at eleven; October 24, at ten; and November 8, at nine at night: he souths November 23, at eight; December 8, at seven; December 23, at six; and December 31, at half-past five in the evening.