set up as king in Northumberland, and expelled by Edred, 948- slain in the wilds of Stanmore by Osulf, 949. ERICHTHONIUS, k. of Athens, B.C. 1487 (1489 H., rejected, C.) ERICHTHONIUS, k. of Troy, B.C.1449 (1532 C.) ERIE, Fort, abandoned to the Americans, ERIGENA, John Scotus, the founder of scholastic theology, fl. 845-attacks Gottschalk's tenets, 854-invited to England by Alfred-d. 886. ERIK I., k. of Denmark, 1095-represses piracy; restores peace in Sweden, 1099 -makes Lunden the metropolitan see of Denmark, and sets out for Palestine, 1104-d. in Cyprus, 1105. ERIK II., K. of Denmark, son of Erik I., ERIK III., k. of Denmark, 1137 - retires ERIK V., k. of Denmark, son of Christo- garet's death, succeeds her, 1412-renews the war against Holstein and Schleswig, 1414-conquers the duchies, except the castle of Gottorp; Hamburg takes arms to assist them, 1417-pilgrimage of Erik to Palestine, 1423-Lubeck and the Baltic Hanse towns support the duke of Holstein, 1426 - most of his lands are given up to him by a treaty of peace, 1435-withdraws from the government, and returns at the request of his people, 1436-retires to Wisby, 1437deposed by the Danes, 1439. ERIK I., k. of Norway, 933-expelled for ERIK II., the Priest-hater, k. of Norway, 1280 ERIK I. to III., kings of Sweden, dates un- ERIK IV., the Victorious, k. of Sweden, 964 -d. 995. ERIK V. to VIII., kings of Sweden, dates unknown. ERIK IX., k. of Sweden, 1155-conquers the coast of Finland, and builds Abo, 1157 d. 1160. ERIK X., k. of Sweden, son of Canute, escapes the massacre of his family by Sverker II., 1199-defeats and kills him in battle, and obtains the throne, 1210d. 1216. ERIK XI., k. of Sweden, son of Erik X., succeeds John, the last of the Sverkers, 1222 -expelled by the Folkunger, and Canute usurps the throne, 1229-Erik overthrows the usurper, and is k. again, 1234-the Swedish colonies in Finland extend themselves into the neighbouring parts of Russia, 1240-Birger Jarl restores the ascendancy of the Folkunger, 1249 Erik d. 1250. ERIK XII., k. of Sweden, son of Magnus II., Smek, b. 1337-proclaimed joint k. with his father at the request of the States, 1343-expels the statholder, Algotson, 1356-divides the kingdom with his father, 1357-d. 1359. ERIK XIII., k. of Sweden. See ERIK VII., k. of Denmark.-Succeeds Margaret, 1412 -revolt of the Dalecarlians, 1433-amnesty and new privileges granted, 1435deposed by the Swedes, 1440. ERIK XIV., k. of Sweden, son of Gustavus Vasa, b. 1533-proposals of marriage made for him by his father to the princess Elizabeth of England, 1558-succeeds his father, 1560-war with Denmark, Poland, and Lubeck, 1563-massacres the Sture family, 1567-betrays symptoms of insanity; is dethroned and imprisoned, 1568-poisoned by his brother, John III., 1570. ERIK Í., of North Jutland, called by some k. of Denmark, favours Ansgar and the introduction of Christianity, 829-31. ERIK II. founds the first church in Schleswig, 850. ERIK, the Icelander, discovers Greenland, 982. ERIVAN, taken by the Turks, 1578-90-recovered by the Persians, 1618-acquired by Russia, 1827. ERIZZO, the Venetian commander, gallantly defends Negropont against the sultan Mahomet II., 1470. ERIZZO, Francesco, doge of Venice, 1631 1646. ERLAU. See EGER. ERLICHSHAUSEN, Conrad von, grand-master of the Teutonic Knights, 1441. ERLICHSHAUSEN, Louis von, Teutonic grandmaster in Prussia, 1449. ERMELINDA, daughter of an Anglo-Saxon k., queen of Cunibert, k. of Lombardy, 688. ERMENGARD, or IRMENGARD, daughter of Ingram, count of Hasban, b. 796, wife of Louis I., crowned by pope Stephen V., at Rheims, 816-d. 818. ERMENGARDA, or IRMENGARD, daughter of count Hugo, a German noble, marries Lothaire, son of Louis I., 821. ERMENGARDA, or IRMENGARD, only child of Louis II., marries Boso, duke of Lombardy and Provence, 877- she defends Vienne against the German and French kings, 880-Vienne capitulates to Carloman; she is allowed to return to Autun, 882-guardian of her son, Louis, 888obtains the protection of Arnulf for him, and he is crowned at Arles, 890-abbess of St. Sixtus, in Piacenza, 903. ERMENRIC, K. of Kent, son of Octa, succeeds him, 542-d. 560. ERNEST, archduke of Austria, son of the emperor Maximilian II., and brother of Rudolf II., b. 1553-invited by Philip II. of Spain to reside in his court, 1563contends for the throne of Poland with Sigismund, crown-prince of Sweden, 1586 -defeated at Bitschin, and taken prisoner, 1588-pope Sixtus V. obtains his release, 1589-appointed by Philip viceroy of the Netherlands, 1594-d. 1595. ERNEST ANTONY, son of Fred. Ant., succeeds him as duke of Saxe Coburg Saal feld, 1809-father of prince Albert, 1819 -acquires Gotha and becomes duke of Saxe Coburg and Gotha, 1826-d. Jan. 29, 1844. ERNEST I., duke of Swabia, 1012-marries Gisela, daughter of the former duke, Hermann; d. 1015. ERNEST II., duke of Swabia, 1015-marries Matilda, daughter of the emperor Conrad II., claims the kingdom of Upper Burgundy, 1026-is deprived of his duchy by the emperor, 1030. ERNEST I., duke of Brunswick, 1532-d. 1546. See BRUNSWICK. ERNEST II., duke of Brunswick, 1592-d. 1611. See BRUNSWICK WOLFENBUTTEL. ERNEST AUGUSTUS, k. of Hanover, fifth son of Geo. III., k. of Great Britain, b. June 5, 1771. See CUMBERLAND, duke of.Succeeds his brother, Wm. IV., and abolishes all the free institutions which had been recently introduced, June 20, 1837 -concludes a treaty with Great Britain on the Stade duties, 1844-sends troops to assist the Schleswig Holstein revolt, 1848-dissents from the election of the k. of Prussia as emperor of Germany, 1849-receives the elector of Hesse Cassel when expelled from his States, 1850joins the Zollverein, Sept. 17, 1851-d. Nov. 18. ERNEST AUGUSTUS, hereditary prince of Brunswick Luneburg, marries Sophia, grand-daughter of Jas. I., k. of Great Britain, 1658-succeeds as duke, 1662is created elector of the empire, Dec. 19, 1692-d. 1698. See BRUNSWICK LUNE BURG. ERNEST, duke of Bavaria, 1397-1438. ERNEST, the Ironhanded, count of Tyrol, father of the emperor Frederic IV., d. 1424. ERNEST, elector of Saxony, 1464-1486. ERNEST, duke of Brunswick Luneburg, and brother of Geo. I., k. of Great Britain, president of the council of regency in Hanover, 1714. ERNESTI, J., b. 1707-d. 1781. EROS, bp. of Antioch, 143-171. ERSKINE, Thomas, youngest son of the earl of Buchan, b. 1750-begins to study for the bar, 1776-defends lord George Gordon, Feb. 5, 1781-his first parliamentary efforts in defending Fox's India Bills, Nov., 1783-pleads in defence of Dr. Shipley, Aug. 6, 1785-procures the acquittal of Stockdale, Dec. 9, 1789defends Hardy, Horne Tooke, and others, on a charge of constructive treason, Oct. 22, 1794 becomes a peer and lord chancellor, 1806-dismissed, 1807-d. Nov. 17, 1823. ERUDITION of a Christian Man published by Henry VIII. as the standard of re- Carguairazo, north of Chimborazo; the Isle of Ferro, Sept. 13, 1777. St. Helen's in California, Nov. 23, 1843. Moel Fammo, near Holywell, Flintshire, Pasto in Quito, 1797. Peak of Teneriffe, 1704. Souffrier in St. Vincent, after having been extinct a century, April 30, 1812. Vesuvius, first eruption, when Hercula neum and Pompeii were buried in ashes, and Pliny, the Elder, suffocated, 79, 202, 272, 472-when the ashes are said to have reached Constantinople, 512, 685, 993, 1036, 1043, 1048, 1136, 1536, 1538, 1631-Torre del Greco destroyed, 1660, 1682, 1694, June, 1698, 1704, 1712, 1717, Nov. 7, 1727, 1730, 1737, 1751, 1754, 1759, Feb. 21, 1760, 1766, 1767, 1770, 1771, 1779, 1794-Torre del Greco again destroyed, 1805, 1810, 1814, 1822, Oct. 22-when the cone of Rosea del Palo sank. Xorullo, in South America, a new vol cano formed, Sept, 1750. ERVIGIUS, K. of the Visigoths in Spain, 680-recognized by the council of Toledo, 681-d. Nov. 15, 687. ERXICLIDES, Athenian archon, B.C. 548. ERYXIAS, Athenian archon, B.C. 692. -completed, 1586-he d. there, Sept. 13, 1598. ESCWIN, of the royal race, becomes k. of Wessex on the retirement of Sexburga, 674-defeats Wulphere at Beadan-head, 675-d. 676. ESILARATO, duke of Naples, an iconoclast, killed by a tumult of image-worshippers at Rome, 728. ESPARTERO, commands the royal forces in ESQUILINUS, C. Com. Lent., consul of ESSEQUIBO in Guyana, founded by the ESSEX, or kingdom of the East Saxons, comprising the present counties of Essex, Middlesex, and part of Hertfordshire, (the Trinobantes of the Romans) founded by Erchenwin, 530-d. 587. Sledda, his son, 587-marries Ricole, daughter of Ermenric, king of Kent d. 597. Sabert, his son, 597-admits the Chris tian missionaries; is converted by Mellitus, with his subjects, 604-d. 614. Saxred, Sigebert and Seward, his sons, reign conjointly and relapse into heathenism, 614-they expel Mellitus from his see of London, 615-and fall in battle against Cynegils, k. of Wessex, from 616 to 623. Sigebert, the Little, son of Seward, succeeds and persists in idolatry, 623-d. 655. Sigebert, the Good, son of Sexbald, the brother of Sabert, succeeds and restores Christianity, 655 - appoints Cedd bp., 659-assassinated, 661. Suidhelm, brother of Sigebert, the Good, 661-d. 663. Sighere, son of Sigebert, the Little, and his uncle Sebbi, divide the kingdom, the first ruling the pagans, and the latter the Christians, 663-tributary Sigeric, 791-conquered by Egbert, king| of Wessex, 823-held by the Danes, 877. Ethelwold, son of Ethelbald, brings a Danish fleet and army from Northumberland, 904. ESSEX, attempt of sir Charles Lucas and sir George Lisle to raise the county in favour of Charles I., 1648-several whales driven on its coast by a violent hurricane, Feb. 24, 1762. ESSEX, earl of. See CROMWELL, Thomas ESSEX, Robert Devereux, earl of, b. 1567 -accompanies the earl of Leicester on his expedition to the United Provinces, 1585-joins that of Drake and Norris against Portugal, 1589-sent by queen Elizabeth with an army to assist Henry IV. in France, where he besieges Rouen unsuccessfully, 1591-takes and plunders Cadiz, 1596-jealous of the earl of Nottingham, is appointed earl marshal; fails in his projected attack on Ferrol, 1597-the queen resents his insolence by a box on the ear, 1598-lord lieutenant of Ireland; fails to repress Tyrone's rebellion; returns to London; is disgraced and superseded, 1599-tried by the privy council; pardoned; regains the queen's favour; begins a new course of intrigue with James VI. of Scotland, and the Puritans, 1600-attempts an insurrection, Feb. 8, 1601-brought to trial and condemned, Feb. 19-beheaded, Feb. 25. ESSEX, Robert Devereux, (the son) earl of, b. 1596-restored to his title and estates by James I., 1603-marries Lady Frances Howard, daughter of the earl of Suffolk, and is sent to travel, 1610-returns, is disliked by her, and divorced, 1613supports the Commons in their resistance to Charles I., 1641-is forbidden by them to attend the king when he leaves London; is appointed commander of their forces, and collects his army at Northampton, Sept. 2, 1642-fights the battle of Edgehill, Oct. 23-takes Reading, April 26, 1643-relieves Gloucester, Sept. 5-repulses the king's army in the first battle of Newbury, and marches towards London, Sept. 20-takes winter quarters at Windsor; refuses to treat personally with the royal party, 1644surrounded at Lostwithiel, in Cornwall, escapes by sea, and his men surrender, Sept. 1-collects another army and defeats the king in the second battle of Newbury, Oct. 27-the "self-denying Ordinance" takes from him the command, Dec. 9-d. Sept. 14, 1646-his funeral attended by both houses of parliament. ESSEX, earl of, son of lord Capel. See CAPEL, lord.--Appointed lord-treasurer by Charles II., 1679-resigns soon afterwards; takes part in Monmouth's conspiracy, 1683-arrested, found in the Tower with his throat cut. ESSEX, Frances, countess of. See Howard, lady Frances. ESSEX, American frigate, captured by the British ships Phoebe and Cherub, March 29, 1814. ESSLING and Aspern, battle of, Napoleon defeated and driven into the isle of Lobau by the archduke Charles, May 21 and 22, 1809. ESTABLISHMENTS. See LOUIS IX., king of France. ESTAPLES, the peace of, between Hen. VII., k. of England, and Chas. VIII. of France, 1492. ESTCOURT, T. G., b. 1775-d. 1853. ESTE, a seignory to the eastward of Mantua, part of the possessions of Albert Azzo II., marquis of Lombardy; left by him to Fulk, his son by his second marriage with Garsenda, princess of Maine, who takes from it the title of marquis, and founds the house of D'Este, 1097. ESTE, Azzo d', VI., son of Obizzo, marries Marchesella, daughter of Wm. Adelard of Ferrara. See ADELARD, Wm. - On whose death he takes his place as leader of the Guelfs, and founds the influence of the family of D'Este in Ferrara, 1196. See Azzo VI., VII., VIII., and FERRARA. ESTE, the marquisate of, conquered by Eccelino da Romano, 1249-recovered by Azzo VII., 1256-he d. 1264-and is succeeded by his grandson Obizzo II., who is elected perpetual lord of Modena, 1238. ESTE, Fulk d', on the death of his grandfather Azzo VIII., is supported by the Venetians against pope Clement V., who claims Ferrara as a fief of the church, 1308. See FERRARA.-Nicholas, the pacificator of Italy, 1433. ESTE, Alfonso d', I., son of Hercules I., duke of Ferrara, marries Anna Sforza, sister of Gian Galeazzo, duke of Milan, 1491-after her death becomes the fourth of Kent, on the death of his father, 560marries Bertha, daughter of Charibert I., k. of the Franks-the third Bretwalda, 594-receives Augustin and the monks favourably, 596-is styled k. of England in the epistle of pope Gregory I., 601uses the title himself in his charters, 605 -gives his people a code of laws, 606d. 616. husband of Lucretia Borgia, daughter | ETHELBERT, son of Ermenric, becomes k. of pope Alexander VI., 1502-succeeds his father, 1505. See FErrara. ESTE, Cæsar d', on the death of Alfonso II., is compelled to give up Ferrara to pope Clement VIII., and remains duke of Modena, 1598. See MODENA. ESTE, Sir Augustus Frederic d', son of the duke of Sussex and lady Augusta Murray, b. 1794-claims the dukedom of Sussex, which the House of Lords and judges disallow, July 9, 1844-d. 1848. ESTERHAZY, Count Valentine, deputed by the Austrian court to St. Petersburg, opens negotiations with count Nesselrode, Dec. 28, 1855-the terms proposed are unconditionally accepted, Jan. 11, 1856. ESTHER. See ARTAXERXES LONGIMANUS. ESTHONIA, Sold to the Teutonic knights by Waldemar III., k. of Denmark, 1347 -given up to Sweden, 1561-Poland and Russia attempt to take it from Sweden, 1562-the Russians are expelled by the Swedes, and Stephen Bathori, king of Poland, 1579-taken by Peter the Great, 1710. ESTREES, D. See D'ESTREES, marshal, and Gabrielle. ESTREMOZ, battle of, the Spaniards under don John of Austria defeated by the Portuguese commander, the duke of Schomberg, 1663. ESTRITH, sister of Canute, married to the jarl Ulf, 1024-discarded by Robert, le Diable, duke of Normandy, who had married her after the death of Ulf, 1027. ETHANDUNE, or Eddington, battle of, Alfred defeats the Danes, 878. ETHELARD, brother of Ina's queen, Ethel burga, becomes k. of Wessex on Ina's resignation, 728-d. 741. ETHELBALD, grandson of Eawa, brother of Penda, persecuted while presumptive heir to the throne, takes refuge in the hermitage of Guthlac in Croyland, 710succeeds Ceolred as k. of Mercia, 716acquires great ascendancy over the other kingdoms, invades Northumberland, and styles himself king of England, 740Cuthred, k. of Wessex, throws off the yoke, 741-defeats him at Burford, 752Ethelbald slain by Bernred, 755. ETHELBALD, K. of England, succeeds his father Ethelwulf, 856-marries his stepmother Judith, 858-is compelled to divorce her, 859-d. 860. ETHELBERT. See ETHELRED I., king of East Anglia. ETHELBERT, K. of East Anglia, succeeds his father Ethelred II., 790-murdered by Offa, k. of Mercia, who seizes his kingdom, 792. ETHELBERT II., k. of Kent, second son of Wictrid, succeeds his brother, Eadbert 748-d. 760. ETHELBERT, k. of England, third son of Ethelwulf, succeeds his brother, Ethelbald, 860-d. 866. ETHELBERT, archbp. of York, 766-d. 780. ETHELBERT, bp. of Whitherne, 777. ETHELBURGA, daughter of Ethelbert I., k. of Kent, marries Edwin, k. of Northumberland; receives an epistle from pope Boniface V., 625 on the death of her husband flees to her brother, Eadbald, in Kent, 633. ETHELBURGA. qu. of Ina, k. of Wessex, persuades him to resign the crown to her brother, Ethelard, and retire to Rome, where she accompanies him, 728. ETHELBURGA, daughter of Anna, k. of East Anglia, abbess of Faremoustier en Brie, about 680. ETHELDRIDA, daughter of Anna, k. of East Anglia, marries Tonbert, king of the Girvii, 659-and after his death, Egfrid, son of Oswy, k. of Northumberland, 660 -retires into the monastery of Coldingham, 672-founds that of Ely, with the minster, and becomes abbess there, 673 -d. 679. ETHELFLED, daughter of Alfred the Great, marries Ethelred, ealdorman of Mercia, who d. 912-she assists her brother, Edward, in governing and fortifying Mercia, 912-repels the Danes of the Five-burghs, and takes Derby, 917-takes Leicester, and York submits to her, 918-d. at Tamworth, 922. See ELFWINA. ETHELFRID, Son of Ethelric, k. of Bernicia, marries Acca, daughter of Ella, k. of Deira, 588-k. of Northumberland, 593 -defeats the Scots at Degsastan, and the Cymri at Caerlegion (Chester), 603-defeated and slain by Redwald, k. of East Anglia, 617. ETHELGAR, archbp. of Canterbury, 988d. 990. ETHELHERE, brother of Anna, succeeds him as k. of East Anglia, 654-joins Penda, king of Mercia, in war against Oswy, k. of Northumberland, and is slain in the battle of Winwidfield, 655. ETHELM, archbp. of Canterbury, 923-d. 928. |