Bonifacius for their bp., 523-deposed and imprisoned by his cousin Gelimer, 531. HILDESHEIM, one of the new bishoprics created by Charlemagne, 785. HILDIBALD, k. of the Ostrogoths, 540slain, 541. HILL, Richard, afterwards general lord, b. 1772-defeats Gerard at Arroyo del Molino, Oct. 28, 1811-takes Almarez, May 19, 1812-created lord Hill, 1814appointed commander-in-chief, 1828-d. 1842. HILL, the rev. Rowland, b. 1744-d. 1833. JILL, Rowland, the deviser of the penny postage, 1839--receives a national testimonial, June 17, 1846-appointed secretary of the post-office, Nov. 30. HILLSBOROUGH, Wills, earl of, comptroller of the household, 1754 - first lord of trade in the Chatham ministry, 1766— colonial secretary in the duke of Grafton's, 1767-and in lord North's, 1770retires on the appointment of the Rockingham ministry, 1782-created marquis of Downshire, 1789-d. Oct. 14, 1793. HIMERA, a town of Sicily, founded, B. C. 648-battle of; the Carthaginians defeated by Theron and Gelon, 480-taken by the Carthaginians, 409-Agathocles defeated by them, 310. HIMERIUS, the orator, fl., 362. HIMERUS, admiral of the emperor Leo VI., defeats the Saracens in a naval battle, 902. HINCMAR, archbp. of Rheims, 848. See GOTTSCHALK.- Attacks the tenets of Gottschalk, 854-condemns Lothaire's marriage to Waldrada, 862-encourages Charles the Bald to resist the authority assumed by the pope over the bishops of France, 871--d. 882. HIND, John Russell, discovers the asteroids "Iris," Aug. 13" Flora," Oct. 10, 1847 -"Victoria," Sept. 13, 1850-" Irene," May 19, 1851-" Melpomene," June 24"Fortuna," Aug. 22-"Calliope," Nov. 16-" Thalia," Dec. 15, 1852-"Euterpe," Nov. 8, 1853-"Urania," July 22, 1854. HINDON, the borough of, disfranchised for bribery, 1702-150 houses destroyed by fire, July 2, 1754. HINDOSTAN. See INDIA.-Era of See CALIYUG. HINDS, Samuel, D.D., appointed bp. of Norwich, 1849-resigns, 1857. HIPPARCHUS, son of Pisistratus, Athenian archon, B.C. 535-succeeds his father in power, 527-assassinated by Harodius and Aristogiton, 514 another archon, 496. HIPPARCHUS observes the autumnal equinox, Sept. 27, B.C. 162, 159, 158. Sept. 26, 147-the vernal equinox, March 23, 146 -the autumnal, Sept. 27, 146, Sept. 26, 143-the vernal equinox, Mar. 23, 135, Mar. 22, 128-and the sun at Rhodes, Aug. 4, 128, 127. HIPPARINUS, son of Dion, assassinates Callippus, and makes himself master of Syracuse, B.C. 352-expelled, 350. HIPPIAS, brother of Hipparchus, becomes ruler of Athens, B.C. 514-expelled, 510. HIPPOCRATES, med., b. B.C. 460-said to have been in Athens during the plague, 429 -d. 357. HIPPODAMAS, Athenian archon, B.C. 375. HIPPODIDES, Athenian archon, B.C. 562 H. HIPPODROME at C.P. burnt, by rioters, 491. HIPPODROMUS, the sophist, fl., 195. HIPPOLYTUS, the disciple of Irenæus, writes many Commentaries on the Scriptures, and a chronicle which ends at this date, 222-his statue and chair discovered near Rome, 1551. HIPPOMENES, Athenian archon, B.C. 722. HIPPONAX of Ephesus, writes Íambics, B.C. 516. HIPPOPOTAMUS presented to the Zoological Society by the Nepaulese ambassador, May 25, 1850. HIPPO REGIUS. See AUGUSTINE. Besieged by the Vandals, 430-taken by them, 431. HIPPOSTRATUS, Olympic victor, B.C. 564II., 560. HIRA, the kingdom of. founded by Malek Ben Fahm Elasdi, about 220-governed by a succession of Almonsars, till its conquest by the Mohammedans, 632--its principal city, Hira, falls into decay, the palace of its kings is made the secret burial-place of Ali, 680-now called Medschid Ali. HIRTIUS, Aulus, consul of Rome, drives Mark Antony from the siege of Mutina, and is killed in the battle, B.C. 43. HISLOP, Sir Thomas, defeats Holkar at Maheidpore, Dec. 21, 1817. HISNA XARIZ, in the Pyrenees, battle of; HISN DHERVERA, battle of; Almansor de- HISTORICAL MUSEUM of Versailles opened, HISTORY of the Civil Wars of Rome. See CORDUS CREMUTIUS. HISTORY, Persian. See CTESIAS. "HISTRIOMASTIX." See PRYNNE. HITTITES, Settled in Palestine at least as early as B.C. 1965 (2088 C.) HIXEM, caliph of Arabia. See HASHEM. HIXEM I., caliph of Spain. See HASHEM. HIXEM II., caliph of Spain, son of Al Hakem, b. 966-succeeds his father, 976. See ALMANSOR, the Illustrious. Imprisoned by Muhamad Ben Hixem, 1008 -released, and reigns nominally in Cordova, 1009-Suleiman takes Cordova; the fate of Hixem is unknown, 1012. HIXEM III., brother of Abderahman V., elected caliph, 1025 makes his first entry into Cordova, 1028 -- retires into private life, 1031-d. 1036. HIXEM, Ben Adra, rebels in Toledo, and sets at liberty Casim, the son of Yussef; is subdued and pardoned by Abderahman, 760-again collects a band of insurgents, and is besieged in Medina Sidonia, 763-surrenders, and is beheaded, 764. HLOTHERE. See ELEUTHERIUS, bp. of Winchester. HOADLEY, Benjamin, b. 1675-hp. of Bangor, 1715-his writings objected to by the lower house of convocation, 1717. See CONVOCATION.-Afterwards bp. of Winchester-d. 1761. HOADLEY, JOHN, archbp. of Armagh, and primate of Ireland, Oct. 29, 1742. HOADLEY, Benjamin, dramatic writer, b. 1706 d. 1758 HOARE, Prince, b. 1754-d. 1834. HOBART TOWN, in Van Diemen's Land, founded, 1804. HOBBES, Thomas, of Malmesbury, b. 1588a refugee in France, writes his "Leviathan," 1642-d. 1679. HOBBIMA, the pupil of Ruysdael, fl., 1681. HOBHOUSE, Sir Benjamin, b. 1757-joins the Addington ministry, June, 1803-d. 1831. HOBHOUSE, sir John Cam, committed to Newgate by the Speaker's warrant, for a pamphlet disparaging the House of Commons, Dec. 15, 1819-takes office in the Melbourne administration, 1834president of the board of control, 1835resigns, 1841- holds the same in the Russell ministry, 1846-created lord Broughton, 1851-resigns, 1852. HOBHOUSE, H., b. 1776-d. 1854. HOCHE, the French republican general, expels the allies from Alsace, 1794-terminates the war in La Vendée, Mar. 1796 -fails in an attempt to invade Ireland, Dec. 18; crosses the Rhine at Neuwied, Apr. 17, 1797-his progress stopped by the preliminaries of peace at Leoben, Apr. 18-d. at Wetzlar, Sept. 18. HOCHKIRCHEN, battles of; Frederic the Great defeated by the Austrian marshal, Daun, Oct. 14, 1758-Napoleon I. drives the Prussians and Russians back into Silesia, May 22, 1813. HOCHSTADT, battles of; the German princes gain a victory over the emperor Hen. IV., 1081-the imperialists defeated by the French marshal Tallard, and the elector of Bavaria, Sept. 20, 1703-for another, see BLENHEIM. HODAIFA, a Saracen commander in Spain, 727. HODEIRA, a Saracen commander in Spain, 725. HODGSON, Dr., provost of Eton, b. 1780-d. 1852. HÖCHST, battles of; Christian I., duke of Brunswick, defeated by the imperial gen.,Tilly, 1622-the French gen., Jourdan, defeated by the Austrians under Clairfait, Oct. 11, 1795. HOEKEN. See HOLLAND, 1347. HOEL. See HOWEL and BRETAGNE. HOFER, Andrew, revolts in the Tyrol against the Bavarian and French dominion, April 8, 1809-- taken prisoner and shot, Jan. 28, 1810. HOFLAND, T. C., b. 1777-d. 1843. HOFLAND, Mrs., b. 1773-d. 1844. HOGARTH, William, b. 1697-d. 1764. HOGG, Jas., b. 1772-d. 1836. HOHENBURG, battle of; the Saxon insurgents defeated by the emperor Henry IV., 1075. HOHENLINDEN, convention of, between the French and Austrians, Sept. 20, 1800broken, Nov. 28; battle of; Moreau defeats the archduke John, Dec. 3. HOHENLOHE, Godfrey von, grand master of the Teutonic knights in Prussia, 1297. HOHENLOHE, prince, a Prussian gen., lays down his arms, Nov. 6, 1806. HOHENLOHE, prince, an ecclesiastic, indulges wild delusions at Bamberg, 1821 -d. 1849. HOHENSTAUFEN dynasty. See CONRAD III., emperor of Germany; GERMANY, emperors of; and CONRADIN, son of Conrad IV. HOLBEIN, Hans, b. 1498-comes to London, 1526-is patronized by sir Thomas More, 1529 d. 1554. HOLCROFT, Fanny, d. 1844. HOLCROFT, Thomas, introduces melodramas, 1793-accused of constructive treason, but not brought to trial, 1794— d. 1805. HOLDERNESS, D'Arcy, earl of, appointed Secretary of State in the Pelham ministry, on the resignation of the duke of Bedford, June 17, 1751-holds the office till the Bute ministry, May 29, 1762. HOLINSHED, Ralph, d. 1581. HOLKAR, the Mahratta chief, defeated by gen. Fraser, near Deeg, Nov. 15, 1804by gen. Lake, at Furruckabad, Nov. 17again at Bhurtpore, April 2, 1805-compelled to make peace, Dec. 24; defeated at Maheidpore, Dec. 21, 1817-submits and makes peace, Jan. 6, 1818. HOLLAND, the most northern portion of ancient Gaul, consisting of a series of islands between lake Flevo, the northern branch of the Rhine and the mouth of the Scaldis (Scheldt), after the last struggle of the Batavi, added by the Romans to the province of Gallia Belgica, 70-Gothic settlers give it the name of the Hollow, or Low Land, about 400-in their island homes they maintain a piratical independence, sometimes paying tribute to the Ripuarian Franks, 430-480 -regarded as part of the kingdom of Austrasia, but never regularly subject, 561-unite with the Frisians, and their country is called Southern Friesland, 650. See FRIESLAND.- Wilbrord, the AngloSaxon missionary, founds the bishopric of Utrecht, 696-Boniface, the apostle of Germany, murdered at Dokkum, 755united with Friesland, forms a county under Dieterich I., as a fief of the German empire, 936. Dieterich II., count, 963-988. Arnulph, 988-1003. Dieterich III., 1003-1039. Dieterich IV., 1039-1049. Florence I., 1049-1061. Dieterich V., 1061-1091. A great inundation enlarges lake Flevo into the Zuyder Zee, and separates Holland from Friesland, 1231-William II., count, 1234. See WILLIAM of Holland, k. of Germany.-Attempts to conquer Friesland, is defeated, and perishes while crossing the ice near Medemblik, 1256Florence V., count, 1256-1296-John I., 1296-1299-Holland and Hainault united by the accession of John D'Avesnes, who becomes count of Holland as John II., 1299-1304-William III., 1304-1337William IV., 1337-1345-Margaret, wife of Louis of Bavaria, inherits Holland, 1345-her son, William, endeavours to supplant her; his partisans take the name of Kabbeljauws (cod-fish), and distinguish themselves by wearing grey caps; her supporters style themselves Hoeken (hooks), and mount red caps; these two factions, which distract the country nearly one hundred and fifty years, and war against each other by sea and laud, date from 1347; Margaret, d. 1356-her son, William V., succeeds, 1356-1389-Albert, 1389-1404-William VI., 1404-1417-his daughter, Jaqueline, succeeds, 1417. See JAQUELINE, Countess of Holland. Her uncle, Philip III., duke of Burgundy, obtains possession of Holland and Hainault. See BURGUNDY, duchy of; and NETHERLANDS. Holland takes the lead in resisting the tyranny of Philip II., k. of Spain, 1572 -Haarlem stormed by the duke of Alva, Alkmaar successfully defended against him, 1573-Leyden compels Requesens to raise the siege, 1574-William, prince of Orange, appointed statholder, 1575. See WILLIAM, prince of Orange.-Amsterdam taken from the Spaniards, 1578 -union of Utrecht; Holland the most important of the Seven Provinces, the seat of government and centre of commerce; its name often used to denote the whole Union, 1579. See DUTCH and UNITED PROVINCES. Holland, kingdom of, formed out of the Batavian republic; Louis, k., 1806-1810. See BONAPARTE, Louis. Annexed to France, 1810. See NAPOLEON I.-Rescued from France, and united with Belgium to form the kingdom of the Netherlands, 1813. See NETHERLANDS.Separated from Belgium, becomes again a distinct kingdom, 1830-kings of Hol-land; for events refer to their respective names. William I., 1830-1840. HOLLAND, the earl of, forbidden by the See Fox, Henry.- Paymaster of the forces in Grenville's ministry, 1763-resigns, 1765-d. July 1, 1774. HOLLAND, Henry Richard Fox, lord, b. 1773 -pays £6000 damages to sir Godfrey Webster, and marries lady Webster, 1797-opposes the motion in the House of Lords for the committal of Benjamin Flower to Newgate, May 3, 1799--lordprivy seal in the "Talents' " administration, 1806-resigns, 1807-opposes the Dissenters' Bill introduced by lord Sidmouth, and causes it to be withdrawn, May 9, 1811-brings before the Lords the treatment of Napoleon at St. Helena. and moves for papers, which are refused, Mar. 19, 1817-chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster in earl Grey's administration, 1830-in lord Melbourne's, and resigns, 1834-reappointed, 1835-d. 1840. HOLLAND, Sir Thomas. See JOAN, the Fair Maid of Kent. HOLLAND, sir John, son of sir Thomas, kills lord Stafford in a fray at York, his half-brother, Richard II., refuses to pardon him; he takes refuge in the sanctuary of St. John at Beverley, and his mother dies of grief, 1385-he is pardoned, and goes to the Holy Land, 1386. HOLLANDERS. See HOLLAND and DUTCH. HOLLANDEREYS, farming establishments of the Dutch Remonstrant emigrants in Holstein, 1621. HOLLIS, Denzil, b. 1597-forcibly detains the Speaker in the chair, while the Commons pass their Remonstrance, for which he is fined and imprisoned, 1629-impeached by Charles I., and saved from arrest by the citizens of London, 1642-leader of the Presbyterians, he denounces the officers of the army as traitors, and they expel him from the House of Commons, 1647-created lord Hollis by Chas. II., 1660-ambassador at Paris, 1665-negotiates the treaty of peace at Breda, 1667-refuses a bribe offered him by the French ambassador, 1678-d. 1680. HOLLOWAY, new prison commenced, Sept. 26. 1849. HOLLOWAY, the murderer. See HAGGERTY. HOLM, in Kent. See DANES, 902. HOLMES, Sir Robert, takes possession of Manhattan, or New Amsterdam, and gives it the name of New York, 1661takes Cape Coast castle, and the Isle of Goree, 1663- destroys a large Dutch fleet in the Vlie, 1666-makes an unsuccessful attack on the Dutch Smyrna fleet. Mar. 14, 1672. HOLMES, Commodore, by his operations in the Dollart, causes the French to evacuate Embden, 1758-assists the attack on Quebec, 1759-and in defending Jamaica, 1760. HOLMES, Wm., b. 1779- the active M.P. under lord Liverpool, d. 1851. HOLOPHERNES, Nabuchodonosor's gen., invades Judah, and is killed by Judith, B.C. 633. HOLOPHERNES, made k. of Cappadocia, by Demetrius Soter of Syria, B.C. 158-expelled by the Romans, 157. HOLSTEIN, the northernmost part of Germany, between the Elbe, North Sea, Eyder and Baltic; when first known, inhabited by Holt Sachsen, or Saxons of the Woods, and conquered with the rest of their nation by Charlemagne, 803part of the duchy of Saxony, given by Louis, k. of Germany, to Ludolf, the first duke, 855. See SAXONY.-Erected into a separate county by the emperor Lothaire II., and given by him to the count of Schauenburg, 1126-conquered by Canute IV., k. of Denmark, 1200 - restored to its counts by Waldemar II., 1225-he endeavours to break the contract, and is defeated at Bornhövet, 1227. See GERARD, Count of Holstein. Gerard VI. receives the duchy of Schleswig from Margaret, and assists her against the Hanse towns, 1387-on his death, she reclaims the gift, 1404—his successor, Henry, makes war in defence of his rights; his negotiations with Margaret interrupted by her death, 1412. See ERIK VII., k. of Denmark.- Henry falls while besieging Flensburg, 1427his successor, Adolphus, is supported by Lubeck and the Hanse towns, and his rights are finally recognized in the Diet of Colding by Christopher III., k. of Denmark, 1439-on the death of Christopher, he is invited by the Danes to take their throne, but recommends his nephew, Christian, son of his sister, Hedwig, and Dieterich, count of Oldenburg; he obtains from Christian a renunciation of the feudal supremacy of Denmark in Schleswig, a document held to be invalid, because signed before he was actually k., 1448-Adolphus, d. 1459. See On the death of Hedwig, Christian inherits Schleswig and Holstein, 1460Ditmarsch revolts, and establishes an independent republic, 1461 - Holstein created a duchy by the emperor Frederic IV., 1474-bequeathed by Christian to his second son, Frederic, 1481. FREDERIC I., k. of Denmark.-The Ditmarschers continue their resistance, and gain a great victory at Meldorf, 1500Christian III. gives a portion of Holstein to his brother John, the Elder, 1514-inherited by John, the Younger, who, with the assistance of his brother, Frederic II., overcomes the Ditmarschers, 1560from him descend the lines of Plön, Augustenburg, Glücksburg, and others, which afterwards are reunited to the crown of Denmark; Holstein affords an asylum to the persecuted Dutch Remonstrants, and its agriculture is improved by them, 1621-conquered by the imperial general, Wallenstein, 1627restored, 1629-conquered by the Swedish general Torstenson, 1643-restored by the treaty of Brömsebro, 1645. Invaded by the Swedish general, Stein bock; after burning Altona, he retreats into Schleswig, 1713-visited by destructive inundations, 1717-occupied by the Swedish division of the allied army under the crown-prince, Charles John, 1813 -restored to Denmark by the Treaty of Kiel, 1814-unites with Schleswig to assert the validity of the renunciation made by Christian I., maintain the privileges of both duchies as members of the Germanic body, and resist their incorporation with Denmark, 1846-civil war ensues, 1848. See SCHLESWIG and FREDERIC VII., k. of Denmark.-Holstein submits; its provisional authorities resign, and disband their army, 1851. HOLSTEIN GLÜCKSBURG. See GLÜCKSBURG. HOLSTEIN GOTTORP, a portion of Schleswig, is made a separate duchy by Christian III., and given to his youngest brother, Adolphus, 1544-he d. 1586-his son, John Adolphus, inherits; d. 1616-Frederic III., b. 1597-builds Friederichstadt for the Dutch exiles, 1621-obtains full sovereignty by the treaty of Roskild, Jan. 3, 1658-d. Aug. 10, 1659Christian Albert, b. 1641-d. 1694Frederic IV. b. 1671-marries Hedwig Sophia, daughter of Charles XI., king of Sweden, killed at the battle of Clissau, July 19, 1702-Charles Frederic, b. 1700, marries Anna Petrowna, daughter of Peter the Great of Russia; their son, Charles Peter Ulrich, b. 1728-adopted | by Elizabeth, empress of Russia, as her successor, 1742. See CHARLES PETER ULRICH, and PETER III., czar of Russia. -His widow, Catharine II., in the name of their son, Paul, agrees to cede Holstein Gottorp to Denmark, 1767-he ratifies the cession on obtaining the counties of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst in exchange, 1773. BOLT, Sir John, b. 1642-chief justice of the court of King's Bench, 1689--d. 1710. HOLWELL, J. Z., b. 1711-one of the survivors of the Calcutta Black-hole massacre, 1756-d. 1798. HOLY ALLIANCE. See ALLIANCE, Holy.A treaty formed by the emperors of Austria and Russia, and the k. of Prussia; the prince regent of Great Britain refuses to join it, Sept. 26, 1815-a copy of the treaty moved for by Mr. Brougham in the House of Commons, Feb. 9, 1816-its principles condemned by him and the marquis of Lansdowne, Feb. 4, 1823. "HOLY COAT" of Treves, dispute about the, 1844. HOLY ISLAND, or Lindisfarne, given by Oswald, k. of Northumberland, to be the HOLY PLACES in Palestine protected by a treaty between France and Turkey, Feb. 13, 1852. HOLY WARS. See CRUSADES, 1096-1291. HOLYHEAD RAILWAY. See CHESTER. Submarine telegraph to Howth completed, June 2, 1852. HOLYROOD HOUSE, palace and abbey founded by Alexander I., k. of Scotland, 1120 -Rizzio murdered in one of its cabinets, March 9, 1566. See EDINBURGH, 1633, 1795, and 1850. HOME, sir Everard, b. 1756-d. 1832. HOMER, most probable era of, B.C. 962 C.— his works collected at Athens by Pisistratus, 531-printed by Demetrius Chalcocondylas, at Florence, A.D. 1488-English translation by Pope, 1714-and by Cowper, 1791. HOMERITES, an Abyssinian commercial colony in Yemen. See ELEPHANT, war of the.-League with the emperor Justinian I. for the protection of the Christians in Arabia, 531. HOMILIES. See CRANMER. HOMEOPATHY. See HAHNEMANN. HoмOIOUSION, the Arian war-cry, adopted by the council of Seleucia, 359. HOMOOUSION, the Trinitarian war.cry, adopted by the first general council at Nice, 325. HOMULLUS, consul of Rome, 152. HONE, William, b. 1779-tried on three separate criminal informations for libellous parodies, defends himself, and is acquitted on each, Dec. 18, 19, 20, 1817a public subscription raised for him-d. 1842. HONG-KONG taken possession of, by Captain Elliott, Aug. 23, 1839-ceded to Great Britain, 1842-the bishopric o Victoria established at, May 11, 1849. HONI SOIT QUI MAL Y PENSE, motto of the Garter. See GARTER, Order of the. HONORATUS. See SERVIUS. HONORIA, Justa Grata, daughter of Constantius III. and Placidia, b. 417 -sent by her brother, Valentinian III., in disgrace from Ravenna to do penance at Constantinople, 434-demanded in marriage by Attila, 450. HONORIUS, emperor of the West, son of Theodosius I. and Ælia Flaccilla, b. 384consul of Rome, 386-proclaimed Augus |