prisoner pope Leo IX. at Civitella, 1053 -d. 1057. HUMPHREY, duke of Gloucester, fourth son of Henry IV., k. of England, regent of England, 1422-he offends Philip, duke of Burgundy, by marrying Jaqueline, duchess of Brabant, and claiming her hereditary States of Holland and Hainault, 1424 - dissension with Henry Beaufort, bp. of Winchester, composed by John, duke of Bedford; reconciled to duke Philip, 1425-Philip besieges Calais, but retires on his approach; he separates qu. Katharine from Owen Tudor, 1436-intrigues and cabals of Henry Beaufort, bishop of Winchester, against his duchess for imputed witchcraft; she is condemned to do penance in St. Paul's, and to be imprisoned for life; her confessor, Bolingbroke, and Margery Jordan of Eye, are executed, 1442-cardinal Beaufort prevails over him in the English councils, 1444-qu. Margaret joins his enemies, 1445-murdered at Bury St. Edmund's, Feb. 28 (24 Stowe), 1447.

HUNALD, son of Eudes, takes the title of duke of Aquitaine, and does homage to Charles Martel, 736-retires into a monastery, 762-leaves his monastery, and claims Aquitaine; defeated and made prisoner by Charlemagne, 769. HUNFERTH, follows Daniel in the see of Winchester, 744-d. 754.

HUNGARY, the Dacia of the Romans, and the eastern part of Pannonia. See DACIA. Invasion of the Huns, and expulsion of the Goths, 376. See HUNS.-OCcupied by the Gepidæ, after the fall of the Huns, 469. See GEPIDE.-The Avars follow, 568. See AVARS.- Part of the Bulgarian kingdom, 630. See BULGARIANS. The Ungri (called by some writers Huns) form a settlement at Munkatz, and advance in Pannonia, 862-the country occupied by them receives the name of Ungara, or Hungary, 886they are joined by the Magyars, under Arpad, the father of a long line of kings; become a powerful nation, and defeat Simeon, k. of the Bulgarians, 889-are employed by Arnulf, k. of Germany, 893 defeat Simeon again in three great battles, 896-invade Italy, defeat Berenger near the Brenta, and penetrate to Modena, 899-defeated by him near Venice, obtain money from him, and withdraw, 906 desolate Bavaria, 907-invade Thuringen, 909-defeat Louis III., k. of Germany, 910-invited by Berenger to assist him against Rudolf, k. of Transjurane Burgundy, 921- -plunder and burn Pavia, and proceed into the

south of France, where they are overcome by Rudolf, 924-again invited into Italy by the marquis Alberico; carry off a rich booty, 925-defeated by Henry the Fowler, at Merseburg, in Saxony, 934 -invited by Ludolf, son of Otho I.; they ravage Germany, 954-are signally defeated by Otho, at Augsburg, and desist in future from their incursions into the West, 955 turn their arms to the East against the Bulgarians, and obtain additional territories from them, 957-965-become a settled and civilized people under Geisa, a descendant of Arpad, who takes the title of duke, 972-he introduces Christianity, and his son, Walk, takes the name of Stephen, 996-d. and is succeeded by his son, 997, who assumes the title of king, 1000.

Sovereigns of Hungary; the events during their reigns may be seen under their respective names in this Index. LINE OF ARPAD.

Geisa, duke, 972-997.

Stephen, duke, 997; king, 1000--1038.
Peter, 1038-1041.

Samuel Abo, 1041-1044.
Peter, restored, 1044-1046.
Andrew I., 1046-1060.
Bela I., 1060-1063.
Solomon, 1063-1075.
Geisa I., 1075-1077.

Wladislas, or Ladislas I., 1077–1095.
Coloman, 1095-1114.

Stephen II., 1114-1131.

Bela II., 1131-by his marriage with
Helena, daughter of Urosch, prince of
Servia, obtains Bosnia-d. 1141.

Geisa II., 1141-1160.
Stephen III., 1160-1162.
Stephen IV., 1162-1173.
Bela III., 1173-1196.
Emeric, 1196-1204.

Wladislas, or Ladislas II., 1204–1205.
Andrew II., 1205-1235.
Bela IV., 1235-1270
Stephen V., 1270-1272.
Ladislas III., 1272-1290.

Andrew III., the Venetian, 1290-last of
the line of Arpad, d. 1301.
HOUSE OF NAPLES.
Charles I., Robert, 1301-1342.
Louis I., 1342-1382.
Maria, 1382-with Sigismund, 1387 ---
1392

HOUSE OF BRANDENBURG. Sigismund, alone, 1392-1437. Elizabeth, with Albert of Austria, 1437 -1439; with Ladislas IV., 1440—1442. Ladislas, alone, 1442-1444. Ladislas V., 1445-1458. ELECTED.

Matthias Corvinus, Huniades, 1458-1490.

Pannonia, and advance westward into Germany, 427-assist Aetius to regain his power in the Western empire, 432Rugilas d., and is succeeded by Attila and Bleda, sons of his brother, Mundzuk, 433. See ATTILA. Death of Attila; his eldest son, Ellac, defeated by the Ostrogoths; falls in battle; Dengezic takes the command, 453. See DENGEZIC. -The Huns finally overthrown and dispersed, 469.

HUNS, another tribe, better known afterwards as Avars, break through the Caspian gates, and invade Cappadocia, 515 -plunder Armenia, and are driven out by Dositheus, 532. See AVARS. HUNS. See UNGRI, and HUNGARY. HUNT, F. K., b. 1814-d. 1854. HUNT, Henry, b. 1773-candidate for Bristol, 1812 becomes a popular leader; presides at a meeting for parliamentary reform, Nov. 15, 1816-presides at a meeting in Smithfield, July 22, 1819-at the meeting in St. Peter's Field, Manchester, and is arrested, Aug. 16; enters London, attended by a numerous procession, Sept. 13; convicted, and afterwards sentenced to imprisonment, 1820-elected for Preston, 1830-d. 1835.

HUNT, John and Leigh, fined and impri

soned for a libel on the prince regent, in the Examiner, Dec. 9, 1812-John again imprisoned for a libel on the House of Commons, May 25, 1821. HUNTER, John, b. 1728-d. 1793.

HUNTER, Dr. William, b. 1718-d. 1783. HUNTINGDON, the earl of, created duke of Exeter by Richard II., 1397- degraded by Henry IV., 1399-enters into a conspiracy against him, taken prisoner, and beheaded, 1400.

HUNTINGDON, Theophilus Hastings, earl of, excepted from the Act of indemnity, 1690--committed to the Tower, and soon released, 1692.

HUNTINGDON, Selina, countess of, b. 1707d. 1791.

HUNTINGTON, William, the methodist preacher, b. 1744-d. 1813. HUNTLEY, Gordon, marquis of, joins the rebellion of the earl of Mar, 1715-submits, and is pardoned, Nov. 4, 1716. HUNTLEY, the marquis of, b. 1761-d. 1853. HUNTON, Joseph, a quaker, executed for forgery, Dec. 8, 1828.

HURD, Richard, bp. of Worcester, b. 1720 -d. 1808.

HURRICANE, a violent, drives several whales ashore on the coasts of Essex and Kent, Feb. 24, 1762-on the coasts of the Western counties and Ireland; Liverpool and Dublin suffer greatly, Jan. 6, 1839. See STORMS.

HURST CASTLE, Charles I. removed to, 1648-taken thence to Windsor, Dec. 23. HUSAM. See ABULKATUR. HUSCH, or Falczy, treaty of, by which Katharine saves Peter the Great and his army, when surrounded by the Turks,

1711.

HUSKISSON, S., b. 1773-lient.-gen., Jan. 10, 1837-general, Nov. 11, 1851-d. 1855. HUSKISSON, William, b. 1770-a secretary of the treasury, 1804-president of the Board of Trade, Jan. 31, 1823-introduces his measures for improving the silk manufactures, March 8, 1824-vindicates the relaxation of the navigation laws, May 12, 1826-becomes colonial secretary, Aug. 17, 1827-secedes from the duke of Wellington's ministry, June, 1828-is killed at the opening of the Liverpool and Manchester railway, Sept. 15, 1830-his statue placed in the vestibule of Lloyd's, Feb. 7, 1848.

HUSSEY, lord, beheaded, for insurrection, 1537.

Huss, John, b. at Hussinetz, in Bohemia, July 6, 1373-professor of theology at Prague, 1398-confessor to the queen of Bohemia, 1401- preaches Wickliffe's doctrines in conjunction with Jerome of Prague, 1403. See JEROME of Prague.-Makes many converts at Prague, 1409— excommunicated and forbidden to preach, 1411-publicly burns at Prague a papaĺ Indulgence; protests against the doctrine and sale of them, 1412-a council at Rome condemns him again, and lays an interdict on every place that harbours him, 1413-invited to Constance; furnished with a safe conduct by the emperor Sigismund; the council asserts that no civil power can protect him; and by their decree he perishes in the flames, July 6, 1415.

HUSSITES, the disciples of Huss, are persecuted in Prussia by Michael Kuchmeister von Sternberg, grand master of the Teutonic Knights, 1413- take up arms in Bohemia, 1416-appoint Ziska their leader, 1417- refuse to acknowledge Sigismund as k. of Bohemia, and storm the town-hall of Prague, 1419he besieges them in Prague, and is defeated by them at Wissehrad, July 14, 1420-they offer Bohemia to Ladislas, k. of Poland, and to Witold, duke of Lithuania; Korybut, nephew of Ladislas, is sent to them, 1422 death of Ziska; Procopius Rasa chosen leader, 1424they extend their conquests into Saxony and Meissen, 1426-defeat an army of the empire at Mies, 1427-carry their arms into Silesia, 1428-refuse to negotiate for peace with Sigismund, 1429—

victory at Tauss, 1431-divide into two sects, the Calixtines and Taborites; the former, satisfied with the concessions made by the council of Basle, secede from the league, 1433-the Calixtines join the imperial army, and defeat the Taborites at Böhmisch-Brod, 1434-the Calixtines, deceived in the execution of their treaty, re-unite with the Taborites; Sigismund concedes the points they require, on which they submit and allow him to enter Prague, 1435-treaty of Iglau between them and the emperor, 1436-some of them offer the crown of Bohemia to Casimir of Poland; they are defeated by Albert of Austria at Tabor, 1438.

HUTCHESON, Thomas, b. 1694-d. 1747. HUTCHINSON, John, b. 1684-d. 1737. HUTCHINSON, major-gen. J. H., succeeds sir Ralph Abercrombie in Egypt, March 21, 1801-signs a treaty for the evacuation of the country by the French, June 27; created a peer, Dec. 5.

HUTCHINSON, capt. J. H., assists Lavalette's escape, Dec. 20, 1815. HUTCHINSON, Lucy, writes the Memoirs of her husband, col. Hutchinson, 1670. HUTTON, Charles, b. 1737-d. 1823. HUTTON, William, b. 1723-d. 1815. HUY, in the Netherlands, taken by the French, 1693-recovered by the allies, 1694-taken by the duke of Marlborough, Aug. 27, 1703.

HUYGENS, Christian, b. 1629-he invents and applies the pendulum to clocks, 1647 -d. 1695.

Hy. See IONA.

HYACINTH. See FRANCIS HYACINTH, duke of Savoy.

HYBRILIDES, Athenian archon, B.C. 491. HYDASPES, a river of India, (now the Chelum, according to major Rennell) which Alexander descended on his return from India, B.C. 327.

HYDE, Edward. See CLARENDON, Edward Hyde, earl of. HYDE, Henry. Hyde, earl of. HYDE, Anne. See ANNE HYDE. HYDE PARK, review of the Guards in, July 4, 1663-troops encamped in, July 31, 1715-volunteers reviewed by Geo. III., Oct. 26 and 28, 1803. See ACHILLES, statue of.-Fireworks in, on occasion of the coronation of William IV., Sept. 8, 1831. See CRYSTAL PALACE.

See CLARENDON, Henry

HYDER ALI founds the Mysore kingdom, 1761-war with the India Company and their allies, 1767-defeats the Mahrattas, and penetrates to the gates of Madras; treaty of peace with him, April 4, 1769 -extends his conquests over the native

chiefs in Calicut, 1771-defeats the Company's troops, Sept. 10, 1780-and conquers the Carnatic; is defeated by sir Eyre Coote, June 2, 1782-d. Dec. 11. HYDERABAD, taken by sir Chas. James Napier, Feb. 20, 1843.

HYGEIA, the asteroid, discovered by De
Gasparis, April 12, 1849.
HYGINUS, bp. of Rome, 139–142.
HYGINUS, Jul., keeper of the Palatine
library, writes "De Castrametatione,"
B.C. 10.

HYкSOs, or shepherd kings in Egypt.
BERBERS.

See

HYMEN EUS, bp. of Jerusalem, 262-298'. HYPATIA, wife of Isidorus, teaches philosophy at Alexandria, 407-brutally murdered with the connivance of bp. Cyril, 415.

HYPATIUS, consul of Rome, 500-sent against the Persians, and is unsuccessful, 503.

HYPATIUS, Fl., brother of the empress Eusebia, consul of Rome, 359. HYPERBIUS, Olympic victor, B.c. 420. HYPERECHIUS of Alexandria, writes on grammar or orthography, 453. HYPERIDES, the Athenian orator, put to death, B.C. 322.

HYPSEUS, C. Plautius, consul of Rome, B.C. 347.

HYPSÆUS, M. Plautius, consul of Rome,

B.C. 125.

HYRCANIA, Occupied by the Parthians, B.C. 244.

HYRCANUS, John, son of Simon, succeeds his father as high priest, and rules the Jews with regal power, B.C. 135-makes a league with the Romans, and conquers Samaria, 129 d. 107.

HYRCANUS II., k. of Judæa, son of Alexander Jannæus, nominated by his mother Alexandra as successor to the throne; deposed by his brother, Aristobulus, B.C. 70-takes up arms against Aristobulus, 65-made k. by Pompey, 63-becomes an ally of Rome, 47-deposed and made prisoner by the Parthians, 40-murdered by Herod, 37.

HYSIÆ, battle of; the Lacedæmonians defeated by the Argives, B.C. 669. HYSTASPES. See DARIUS I.

I

JAPYDES, an Illyrian tribe, kept in subjection by Octavius, B.C. 35. IBEG, first sultan of the Mamelukes in Egypt, 1250-d. 1260. See MAMELUKES. IBERI, a people of Spain, send an embassy to Alexander the Great at Babylon, B.C. 324. See CELTIBERIANS. IBERIA, a country between the Caspian and

Euxine, conquered by the emperor Trajan, 115-submits to Diocletian, 298Christianity introduced, 328-conquered by Sapor II., 338-the Persians retire into, when driven out of Colchis by the Romans, 556-reconquered by Heraclius, 623. See GEORGIA. IBERUS. See EBRO.

IBRAHIM, caliph of Arabia, deposed after a reign of three months, 744-again claims the caliphate, 746-goes on a pilgrimage to Mecca; made prisoner, and dies in captivity, 747.

IBRAHIM, youngest son of Achmed I., b. 1617-succeeds his brother, Amurath IV., as sultan of the Ottomans, 1640-his vizir, Mustafa, recovers Asof from the Russians, 1642-begins the long war with the Venetians, 1647. See CANDIA and CRETE.-Ibrahim deposed for his vices, and put to death, 1648. IBRAHIM, son of Mehemet Ali, b. 1789conducts a powerful expedition from Egypt against Greece, 1825-devastates the Morea, 1826-his progress arrested by the Mainotes; evacuates Greece, 1828 -is sent into Syria, 1831-takes St. Jean d'Acre, Damascus and Antioch; defeats the grand vizir at Konieh, and takes him prisoner, Dec. 21, 1832-threatens Constantinople; defeats the Turks at Nezib, June 24, 1839-is expelled from Syria by the allied powers, 1840-arrives in London, June 8, 1846-leaves London, July 15; succeeds his father as viceroy of Egypt, Sept. 1, 1848-d. Nov. 10. IBYCUS, the poet, fl., B.C. 539.

Masoud II., 1276-1297.

Alaeddin II., 1297-1307

ICONOCLASTS, breakers of images, a sect originated by the edict of the emperor Leo III. against kissing and adoring pictures in churches, 726. See IMAGES and IMAGE-WORSHIP.-Excommunicated by pope Gregory III., 732-all decrees against them annulled by the council of C.P., 815-gradually give way, and are finally anathematized by the eighth general council of C.P., 869.

ICTINUS, architect, fl. at Athens, B.C. 442. IDA, Mount, iron discovered in, B.C. 1406 (1407 H., 1283 C.)

ICARIUS, Olympic victor, B.C. 688. ICELAND, discovered by the Northmen, 860 -emigration of Ingulf to,870-Haco V., of Norway, acquires the sovereignty of, 1262 -desolated by an eruption of Hecla for nearly twelve months, 1784.

ICENI, a British tribe, whose territories are now the counties of Norfolk and Suffolk. See BRITAIN.

ICH DIEN, the motto of John of Luxemburg, k. of Bohemia. See EDWARD, the

Black Prince.

ICONIUM, one of the first towns in which

Paul and Barnabas preach after their mission from Antioch, and make many converts, 38-taken by Soliman, where

and builds Bam

Northumberland, borough, 547. IDACIUS. See IDATIUS. IDEI DACTYLI. See OLYMPIC GAMES. IDEUS, Olympic victor, B.C. 276. See NI

CATOR.

IDATIUS, Idathius or Idacius, bp. of Emerita, causes the death of Priscillian, 385 -is banished for it, 389. IDATIUS in his youth (407) notices events afterwards recorded in his Chronicle, (which begins from 379)--bp. of Lemica in Gallicia, 427-sent to implore the assistance of Aetius against the Suevi in Gallicia, 431-made prisoner by them; released after three months' captivity, 460-his Chronicle ends, 468.