IRELAND continued. many native chiefs do him homage for their lands, 1171-he divides Ireland into counties, and regulates the government, 1173-sends his son, John, as viceroy, but soon recalls him, 1176-expedition of k. John, and English laws introduced, 1210-Edward II. appoints Piers Gaveston governor, 1308-Edward Bruce lands, 1315. See BRUCE, Edward.Lionel, duke of Clarence, acquires Ulster, 1361. See CLARENCE, Lionel, duke of.-Rebellion, 1393 - Richard II. goes in person to suppress it, 1395-Mortimer, earl of March, governor, slain by a rebel force, 1398-Richard again embarks and returns, 1399-Richard Plantagenet, duke of York, suppresses a rebellion, 1449he returns there after the dispersion of his army in England, 1459-sir Edward Poynings, governor, induces the parlia ment to pass the Act which bears his name, giving full force there to all the laws of England, 1494. Revolt of the earl of Kildare, suppressed, 1534-erected into a kingdom by Act of Parliament, and Henry VIII. takes the title of k., 1542-Protestantism adopted by the English settlers, 1547-rebellion of Shan O'Neale, 1560-submission and pardon, 1562-an invasion, promoted by the pope, and Philip of Spain, totally defeated, 1580-Tyrone, supported by Philip II., rebels; sir John Norris is sent against him, 1595-defeat of sir Edward Bagnal by Tyrone, on the Blackwater, 1598-the earl of Essex, lord-lieutenant, fails to suppress the rebellion; is superseded by lord Mountjoy, 1599-landing of the Spaniards at Kinsale, Sept. 23Mountjoy compels them to surrender; reduces Tyrone to submission, and restores tranquillity to Ireland, 1601. James I. improves the government, and offers the forfeited lands in Ulster to Protestant settlers, 1608-the province occupied and cultivated by them, 1611 -conspiracy to expel the English, of whom 40,000 are massacred, Oct. 23, 1641Cromwell, lord-lieutenant, Aug.16-takes Drogheda, and massacres the garrison, Sept. 11, 1649-leaves Ireland, 1650Limerick surrenders to Ireton, who dies there, 1651-James II. lands at Kinsale, and is joined by Tyrconnel, Mar. 12, 1689-holds a parliament at Dublin, June 29; when he attaints 3000 Protestants, July 28-defence of Londonderry by the Rev. George Walker; relieved by Kirke, July 30, 1689-Lauzun lands in Ireland with a French army, Mar. 14, 1690William lands at Carrickfergus, June 11; James leaves Dublin to join his army, June 16; battle of the Boyne, July 1; James embarks at Waterford, and returns to France, July 4; Dublin, Drog heda, and Waterford surrender; siege of Limerick, Aug. 8; William raises the siege, Aug. 30; Marlborough arrives; takes Cork, Sept. 21-victory of gen. Ginkel over the Irish and French under St. Ruth, at Aughrim, July 22, 1691death of Tyrconnel, Aug. 14; surrender of Limerick to Ginkel by treaty, and cessation of hostilities in Ireland, Oct. 3, 1691. The parliament address the queen for union with Great Britain, 1710- many years of tranquillity follow; on a threatened invasion from France, the Roman Catholics present loyal addresses, and come forward in defence of their country; a report of an intended union with Great Britain causes tumults in Dublin, 1759landing of Thurot, 1760. See CARRICKFERGUS, ELLIOT, Capt., and THUROT. The parliament having disputed the powers of the privy council, is suddenly prorogued by the viceroy, marquis Townshend, Dec. 26, 1769-Acts passed for some relief of Roman Catholics, and to remove restrictions on trade, 1778-lord North introduces other measures of concession, Dec. 13, 1779-convention of volunteers at Dungarvan, 1781 - Declaration of Rights adopted, Apr. 16, 1782— concessions introduced by Fox, May 18; convention of the volunteers in Dublin, Nov. 10, 1783 agitation in Dublin; meeting of a national congress prevented, June, 1784. Orange clubs and societies of United Irishmen formed, 1795-a French expedition sails for Ireland, Dec. 18, 1796is dispersed by a storm; lord Moira urges the government to adopt conciliatory measures; his advice neglected; oppression drives the people to rebel; lord Edw. Fitzgerald and the Sheares arrested; the rebels repulsed at Carlow and Naas, May 24, 1798-take Wexford and Enniscorthy; lord Edw. Fitzgerald dies of his wounds, June 3; sir Edw. Crosbie executed, 4; gen. Nugent defeats the rebels at Ballynahinch, and restores peace in Ulster, 12; marquis Cornwallis lordlieutenant, 20; gen. Lake defeats the rebels at Vinegar Hill, and recovers Wexford, 21; the Sheares executed, July 19; an amnesty proclaimed, and Orange violence discouraged, Aug. 1; gen. Humbert lands with a French force at Killala, Aug. 22; surrenders to gen. Lake, Sept. 8; an intended reinforcement captured by sir J. B. Warren, Oct. 12; Theobald Wolfe Toone taken prisoner IRELAND-continued. kills himself; Napper Tandy arrested at Hamburg, Nov. 24, 1798-the Union with Great Britain recommended by a royal message, Jan. 22, 1799-approved by the English parliament, 31; after warm opposition, carried in the Irish House of Commons, through the exertions of lord Castlereagh, Jan. 15, 1800 — the last Irish parliament closes, Aug. 2. The Union effected, Jan. 1, 1801-tumultuary insurrection in Dublin; lord Kilwarden and his nephew killed, July 23, 1803-Robert Emmett, the ringleader, executed, Sept. 19. For the discussions on Catholic Emancipation, to the passing of the Relief Act, see CATHOLICS in Gt. Britain and Ireland, 1801 to 1829, and CATHOLIC ASSOCIATION.-Visit of Geo. IV. See GEORGE IV., 1821.-Insurrection Act to repress White Boy outrages, Feb. 1822-Report of the Lords' Committee on the abject state of the Irish peasantry, 1825-the currency regulated to the English standard, Jan. 1, 1826O'Connell, re-elected for Clare, begins to agitate for the Repeal of the Union, July 30, 1829-fatal conflict on a seizure for tithes at Newtown-Barry, June 18, 1831-Irish Reform Act passed, Aug. 7, 1832 Church reformed; Insurrection Act, to quiet the disturbed state of the country, Feb. 15, 1833-O'Connell's motion for the Repeal of the Union dismissed from the House of Commons by a majority of 523 to 38, Apr. 27, 1834Coercion Act renewed, July 1; Mr. Ward's motion on the Irish church carried, May 27; lord John Russell's, Mar. 30, 1835. See APPROPRIATION CLAUSE. Irish Constabulary Bill brought_in, Feb. 18, 1836-Municipal Reform Bill defeated by the Lords, Apr. 26 and June 30, and the Tithe Bill, Aug. 2; Municipal Bill again brought in, Feb. 7, 1837 -Poor-law Bill, 14; Tithe Bill, for the fifth time, May 1, and afterwards again i defeated; Poor-law Bill passed, Aug. 16, 1838 a violent hurricane on the eastern coast, Jan. 6, 1839-Municipal Act, modified by compromise, finally passed, Aug. 10, 1840-first elections under it; D. O'Connell lord mayor of Dublin, Oct. 5, 1841-Repeal meeting at Trim, Mar. 19, 1843-prohibited at Clontarf, Oct. 9. See O'CONNELL, Daniel.-Debates in parliament on the state of the country, Feb. 22, 1844-commissioners of Charitable Trusts appointed, Dec. 18; national education introduced, against which the Roman Catholic prelates protest, Jan. 15, 1845-additional grant to Maynooth College, Apr. 18. See MAYNOOTH.-Mr. Watson and other magistrates dismissed, for forming Orange Lodges, July 31; Queen's Colleges endowed at Belfast, Cork, and Galway, Aug. 8; Education Society incorporated, Sept. 23; Protestant Alliance formed out of the Orange clubs, Nov. 7; Roman Catholic prelates oppose the Queen's Colleges, and refer the question to the pope, 19. Failure of the potato crop causes great distress, 1845-sir R. Peel's Bill for the protection of life in Ireland, rejected, June 25, 1846-second failure of potatoes; public works ordered to relieve distressed districts, Sept. 4-Oct. 2; lord John Russell's measures of relief, Jan. 25, 1847— corn and navigation laws suspended; lord G. Bentinck's railway plan rejected, Feb. 4; grant of £10,000,000 for the destitute; Poor-law passed, May 31; death of D. O'Connell, May 15; W. Smith O'Brien heads a deputation to Paris; coolly received, Apr. 3, 1848-tried, with others, for sedition; Mitchell transported, May 15-27; Habeas Corpus Act suspended, July 21; attempted rebellion on Boulagh Common, July 29; Act to facilitate the sale of Encumbered Estates first passed, Sept. 5; Smith O'Brien and others condemned for treason, Oct. 9-23; their sentence commuted, and they are transported, July 9, 1849-affray at Dolly's Brae, 12; second Act for the sale of Encumbered Estates, 28; visit of the queen. See VICTORIA, qu. of Great Britain, 1849. -Dismissal of magistrates concerned in the Dolly's Brae affray, Oct. 6; Encumbered Estates Court opened, 24; Tenant league meeting, July 14, 1851-Catholic Defence Association formed, Aug. 19 Cork exhibition. See CORK.-Election riot at Six-mile-bridge, near Limerick, July 22, 1852-Income-tax extended to Ireland, May 2, 1853-Dublin Exhibition. See DUBLIN.-The queen's second visit. See VICTORIA, qu. of Gt. Britain, 1853. CHIEF GOVERNORS OF IRELAND June 8, 1210 John de Gray, baron of Norwich, L. Justice .Aug. 30, 1210 Hen. de Loundres, abp. of Dublin, L. Justice. ....July 23, 1213 Geffry de Mariscis, Custos, July 6, 1215 John Saundford, abp. of Dublin, L. 1287 Nov. 15, 1290 1293 HENRY III. 1294 1216 Apr. 3, 1295 Geffry de Mariscis, continued 1224 L. Justice Geffry de Mariscis, again, L. Justice ....Aug. 1, 1226 Hubert de Burg, afterwards earl of Kent, and of Connaught, and chief justice of England, L. Justice Mar. 10, 1227 Richard de Burgo, L. Dep., Mar. 10, 1227 Maurice Fitzgerald, L. Justice...... 1229 Geffry de Mariscis, again, L. Dep., 1230 Maurice Fitzgerald, again, L. Justice ..Sept. 2, 1232 Sir John Fitzgeffry de Mariscis, L. Justice... .Nov. 4, 1245 Theobald Butler, lord of Carrick, and John Cogan, Lords Justices, 1247 Sir John Fitzgeffry de Mariscis, again, L. Justice.... Wm. de la Hay, C. Justice of the Thomas Fitzmaurice Fitzgerald, Sir John Wogan, L. Justice, Oct. 18, 1295 and again ..Oct., 1298 Wm. de Ross, prior of Kilmainham, L. Dep. 1301 Sir Maurice de Rochford, L. Dep. 1302 Sir John Wogan, again, L. Justice, 1302 EDWARD II. The same, continued 1307 Sir Wm. Bourk, Dep. Custos, Aug., 1308 Pierce de Gavaston, earl of Corn wall, L. Lieut.............June 15, 1308 Sir John Wogan, again, L. Justice, June 23, 1309 1248 Prince Edward, son of Henry III., L. Lieut. 1252 Sir Robert (Roger) Mortimer, again, L. Justice.... Thomas Fitz John Fitzgerald, earl of Kildare, L. Dep........ John Bermingham,lord Athirdee and earl of Louth, L. Justice...... Sir John D'Arcy, L. Dep. ...Feb. 2, 1322 1319 1320 132 IRELAND, Chief Governors of-continued. Ralph de Gorges, L. Dep.......Apr., 1322 Sir Thomas Bourk, L. Dep. 1323 Sir John D'Arcy, again, L. Justice, 1324 EDWARD III. Thos. Fitz John Fitzgerald, earl of Kildare, again, L. Justice ...Feb., 1326 Roger Outlawe, prior of Kilmainham, 1329 and L. Chan., L. Justice ...Mar., 1328 Sir John D'Arcy, again, L. Justice, 1329 Roger Outlawe, again, L. Dep. James Botiller (Butler), earl of Ormond, L. Lieut.... ....Mar. 1, 1329 Roger Outlawe,again, L. Dep., May 31, 1330 Sir Antony Lacy, L. Lieut., June 3, 1331 Sir John D'Arcy, again, L. Justice, Feb. 13, 1332 Sir Thos. de Burgh, Cler. and L. Treas., L. Dep....... ...July 16, 1333 Sir John D'Arcy, again, L. Justice, 1334 Roger Outlawe, or Utlagh, prior of St. John of Jerusalem, L. Custos, 1335 And again....... 1336 Nicholas, bishop of Waterford, L.J. 1337 1337 1338 1341 Sir Ralph de Ufford, L. J. .......... 1344 Sir John Morys, L. J..........Apr. 7, 1346 Sir Roger d'Arcy, L. J.......Apr. 10, 1346 Walter de Bermyngham, L. J. May 19, 1346 Maurice, E. of Desmond, L. J. Aug. 2, 1357 Maurice Fitz-Thomas, L. Dep. Nov. 8, 1357 1361 1365 1367 Lionel, duke of Clarence.... Alex., bp. of Meath, L. J. ......Oct. 1399 .Dec. 13, 1401 June 4, 1408 Wm., Fitz-Thomas le Botiller, Prior of St. John, Jerusalem, L. D. to the duke ..March 13, 1408 HENRY V. Sir John Stanley, L. Lieut......Sept. 1413 John Talbot, afterwards E. of Shrews bury, L. Lient.... ...Feb. 25, 1414 Thomas, abp. of Dublin, L. D. Feb. 5, 1415 James, E. of Ormond, L.L. Feb. 10, 1419 HENRY VI. Rich. Talbot, abp. of Dublin, L. Dep. 1422 .May 9, 1423 Aug. 4, 1423 James, E. of Ormond, L. Lt... Mar. 1, 1424 1431 Dec. 5, 1442 John, E. of Shrewsbury, L. Lieut... 1446 IRELAND, Chief Governors of-continued. Richard, abp. of Dublin, Dep. to his brother ........Oct. 1447 Richard Plantagenet, duke of York, L. Lieut. July 5, 1449 Richard, abp. of Dublin, L. Dep...... 1449 Jas., E. of Ormond, L. Dep. Oct. 12, 1450 Sir Edw. Fitz-Eustace, L.D. Oct. 13, 1452 James, E. of Ormond and Wilts, L. Lieut..... .May 13, 1453 John Alex. abp. of Armagh, L. Dep. June 19, 1453 Sir Edward Fitz-Eustace, L. Dep. Apr. 23, 1454 EDWARD IV. Thos., E. of Kildare, L. J...Apr. 30, 1461 George, duke of Clarence, L. Lieut. Feb. 28, 1462 | Sir Roland Fitz-Eustace, L. Dep. ... 1462 Prince Richard, duke of York, by deputy Gerald, E. of Kildare 1479 1483 HENRY VIII. ... Wm., viscount Gormanston, L. Dep. April 13, 1514 Thomas Howard, earl of Surrey 1528 Henry Fitzroy, duke of Richmond... 1530 Sir Wm. Skeffington, Dep...Jan. 22, 1530 Gerald, earl of Kildare, Dep. July 5, 1532 Leonard, lord Gray, son of the mar quis of Dorset, L. Dep......July 30, 1534 Sir William Skeffington, L.J.......... 1534 Sir Wm. Brereton, baron of Leighlin, L. J. 1540 Sir Ant. St. Leger, L. Dep., July, 7 1540 Wm. Brabazon, L. J,. Oct. 12, 1543 Sir Antony St. Leger.. ..June 11, 1544 Wm. Brabazon, L. J.... Feb. 16, 1545 Sir Ant. St. Leger, Dec. 16, 1546, and April 7, 1547 EDWARD VI. Sir Edw. Bellingham, L. D., Apr. 22, 1548| Sir Francis Ryan, L. J.......Dec. 27, 1549 Sir Wm. Brabazon, L. J.......Feb. 2, 1550 Sir Ant. St Leger, L. Dep., Sept. 10, 1550 | Sir James Croftes, L. Dep., Apr. 9. 1551 Sir Thos. Cusake and Sir Gerald Aylmer, joint L. J..........Nov. 7, 1552 MARY. Sir Ant. St. Leger, L. Dep., Nov. 11, 1553 Thos. Radcliffe, lord Fitzwalter, afterwards earl of Sussex, L. Dep., April 27, 1558 Hugh Curwen, archbp. of Dublin, and Sir Henry Sidney, L. J., in his absence ELIZABETH. ...... 1558 Sir Henry Sidney, L. J.......Dec. 13, 1558 1561 williams, joint L. J. .......Oct. 9, 1567 Sir Henry Sidney, L. Dep., Apr. 17, 1568 Sir Wm. Fitzwilliams, L. J., Apr. 1, and L. Dep. ..Dec. 11, 1571 Sir Henry Sidney, L. Dep., Aug. 5, 1575 Sir Wm. Drury, L. J.........Apr. 27, 1578 Sir Wm. Pelham, L. J. ......Feb. 3, 1580 Arthur, lord Grey of Wilton, L. Dep., July 15, 1580 Adam Loftus, archbp. of Dublin, and sir Hen. Wallop, joint L. J., July 14, 1582 Sir William Fitzwilliams, L. Dep., March 1, 1587 Sir Wm. Russell, L. Dep., May 16, 1594 Thomas, baron of Gainsborough, L. D. ..March 5, 1596 Sir Thomas Norris, L. J. Oct. 29, 1597 Adam Loftus, archbp. of Dublin, and sir Robt. Gardiner, L. J. for civil affairs, Thomas, E. of Ormond, for military, Nov. 2 and 15, 1597 Robt. Devereux, E. of Essex, L. Lt., Adam, archbp. of Dublin, and sir JAMES I. Lord Mountjoy, created earl of Devonshire and L. Lieut....April 25, 1603 Sir George Cary, Dep. May 30, 1603 Sir Arthur Chichester, Dep., Feb. 1, 1605 Renewed .Feb. 8, 1607 Thos. Jones, archbp. of Dublin, and sir Richard Wingfield, March 4, 1614 Sir Arthur Chichester, baron of Belfast, L. Dep. July 27, 1614 Thos., archbp. of Dublin, and sir John Denham, L. J. ......Nov. 29, 1615 Sir Oliver St. John, afterwards viscount Grandison, L. Dep., July 2, 1616 Sir Henry Cary, lord viscount Falkland, L. Dep. ..Feb. 4, 1621 CHARLES I. Lord Falkland, continued, Mar. 29, 1625 Sir Thomas Wentworth, viscount Wentworth, L. Dep..........July 3, 1633 |