his reign. All which put together, do sufficiently prove, how much soever the names Esther and Hamestris may be alike, the persons could not be the same.
But there being no such objections as to Artaxerxes Longimanus, it is most probable that he was the person. The ancientest and best evidences that can be had of this matter, are from the Greek version of the sacred text, called the Septuagint, the apocryphal additions to the book of Esther, and Josephus; and all these agree for Artaxerxes Longimanus. For Josephusb positively tells us it was he; and the Septuagint, through the whole book of Esther, wherever the Hebrew text hath Ahasuerus, translate Artaxerxes; and the apocryphal additions to that book every where call the husband of Esther, Artaxerxes, who could be none other than Artaxerxes Longimanus; for there are several circumstances related of him, both in the canonical and apocryphal Esther, which can by no means be applicable to the other Artaxerxes, called Mnemon. And Severus Sulpitius, and many other writers, as well of the ancients as the moderns, come also into this opinion. And the extraordinary favour and kindness which Artaxerxes Longimanus shewed the Jews, beyond all the other kings that reigned in Persia, first in sending Ezra, and after, Nehemiah, for the repairing of the broken affairs of that people in Judah and Jerusalem, and the restoring of them again to their ancient prosperity, is what can scarce be accounted for on any • other reason, but that they had in his bosom such a powerful advocate as Esther to solicit for them. But these, and the other transactions of this king, will be the subject of the next ensuing book.
c There were two other kings of Persia, that shewed kindness to the Jews, Cyrus, and Darius Hystaspes. Each of them granted a decree in favour of the Jews: but Artaxerxes went beyond them both; for he granted two decrees, by virtue of which both the ecclesiastical and political state of the Jews were thoroughly restored: and therefore, where the Scripture names those kings of Persia by whose favour this restoration was made, he is named among them in the order as he reigned; for it is said (Ezra vi, 14,) that this was done by the commandment of Cyrus, Darius and Artaxerxes, i. e. Cyrus, the founder of the Persian empire, Darius Hystaspes, and Artaxerxes Longimanus. For of these, and none other, is that text undoubtedly to be understood; and, no doubt, when the church and state were restored, much was done for the restoration of the temple also.
END OF THE FIRST Volume.
A. ABRAHAM held in veneration by the Magi 399. Ahasuerus. See Astyages 207. See Cambyses 324, 382. See Artax- erxes Longimanus 434, conjectures about him ib. his kindness to the Jews 436.
Ahaz king of Judah, his wicked reign 114-119, and distresses 114, 115, and losses 116, becomes trib- utary to Arbaces 127, his idolatry ib. his death and ignominious buri- al 130.
Ahaziah king of Israel, partner in the trade to Ophir with Jehosa- phat king of Judah 121. Ahikam, his friendship to Jeremiah 187.
Altar for burnt offerings described 288.
Amasis usurps the kingdom of E- gypt 226, viceroy to Nebuchad- nezzar 230, slays Apries ib. his death 325, indignities offered him afterwards 327.
Ammon king of Judah, his wicked reign 166, his death ib. reveng. ed ib. Ammonites carried into captivity by the Assyrians 225.
Amos, his prophecy of the captivity of the Jews fulfilled 128. Anna, Tobit's wife carried into cap- tivity 134.
Anointing of kings and priests 314. Apis the Egyptian god described 329,
killed by Cambyses 330. Apries succeeds his father Psammis king of Egypt 207, deceives Zed- ekiah 212, forced to fly from the usurper Amasis 226, slain by him 230, his pride 231. Apronadius king of Assyria 145, his death 148.
Arabs preserve and restore the an
cient names of plages 185, 186. Arbaces founds the second Assyrian monarchy 113. See Tiglath Pileser. Archimagus high priest of the Ma- gians 396, Darius takes that of fice 402.
Arimanius the evil god of the Per- sians 340.
Aristides the Athenian, his exploits 416, 422.
Ark of the covenant described 296, its history ib. 305. Arkianus king of Babylon 144. Arphaxad. See Deioces.
Artabasanes, son of Darius, yields the crown to his younger brother $79.
Artaxerxes, third son of Xerxes, made king 433, slays his elder brother ib. why surnamed Longi. manus 434, Ahasuerus 436. Artaxerxes. See Smerdis. Ashdod, its strength 154, blockade of 29 years ib. Jeremiah's saying of it 155.
Askelon, temple of Venus robbed by the Scythians 168 Assyrian empire, its duration 172,270. Astyages of Media, marries one of his daughters to Nebuchadnezzar 172, another to Cambyses king of Persia 200, succeeds his father Cyaxares 207, the same with Ahas. uerus ib. death 250. Astronomers of the Sabian sect 339. Athenians quarrel with Darius 367, murder his herald 377, quit their city for the fear of Xerxes 412, Persian fleet in their harbours 413, refuse to make peace with the Persians 416, destroy their fleet and armies ib. and 418. Athens burnt by the Persians 416. B.
Babylon, confusion in that kingdom 149, taken by the Assyrians ib. its grandeur under Nebuchadnezzar 232-246, taken by Cyrus 265, its kingdom destroyed 270, prophe- sies about it fulfilled ib. rebels a gainst Darius 350, cruelty of the citizens 351, taken, destroyed 354. Babylonians, how early they made astronomical observations 239. Balch in Persia, the residence of the
Persian kings of the Sabian sect 393, Zoroastres 394, healthy 401. Baruch employed by Jeremiah to publish his prophesies 189, 194, hides himself 195, his brother sent by Jeremiah to Babylon with his prophesies against that city, 204. Barueh, the book so called, supposed
to be a fiction, and why 205, 206. Bel and the Dragon, a fable 321. Bel, temple of, destroyed by Xerx
Belus, temple of, at Babylon 237, its tower mentioned by Herodotus ib. bigger than that of Jerusalem 239. Bethshean taken from the Jews by the scythians 168, thence called Scythopolis ib.
Boccharis king of Egypt, burnt alive 133.
Branchide, a Milesian family, be- tray their temple 420, settled in Persia by Xerxes ib. destroyed by Alexander the Great ib. Brazen serpent destroyed by Heze- kiah 133, the Papist's impudence about it ib.
Burial place of the kings of Judah described 146.
Burial place, honourable, denied to wicked kings by the Jews 146.
Cadytis, Jerusalem so called by He- rodotus 184.
Calendar, Jewish, when made 350. Callisthenes the philosopher, his ob- servations of the Chaldean astrono- my 239.
Calves, golden set up by Jeroboam, 'carried from Jerusalem by the As- syrians 129.
Cambyses son of Cyrus succeeds him 324, his war with Egypt ib. 225, successes ib. 326. his agents in Ethiopia despised 327, his army destroyed 328, whips the Egyptian priests, and kills their god apis 330 kills his wife ib. sets his suc- cessors an example of incestuous marriages 331, his madness ib. his death ib.
Captivity, head of, an officer among the Jews at Babylon 250. Carthaginians league with Xerxes against the Greeks 409, routed in Sicily 415.
Children, three, carried captives from Judea to Babylon 191, preferred there 196, their zeal for their re- ligion ib.
Chinzerus, king of Babylon, his re gn 135.
Chilidanus succeeds his father Sa- osduchinus king of Assyria 165, his effeminacy 169. Cimon. his descent 375, his relation to Thucydides ib. his wars against the Persians 432, destroys their fleet ib. recovers his father's ter- ritory ib. tried for his life, and why ib.
Contributions of the Jews towards rebuilding their temple, their a mount 288.
Cornelius Agrippa, why taken for a conjurer 394, and note.
Croesus succeeds his father Alyattes in the kingdora of Lydia 249, com- mands the Babylonian army 255, his wars 261. routed by Cyrus ib. his saying as he was to die 262, fa- voured by Cyrus 263, deceived by oracles ib. ordered to be slain by Cambyses 331, how saved ib. Cuthites, people of Judea, why so called 151, odious name among the Jews 318.
Cyaxares king of Media defeated by
the Scythians 167, his death 207. Cyaxares, son of Astyages king of Media born 200, called Darius the Median by Daniel ib. succeeds his father 250, calls Cyrus to his as- sistance ib. is declared king of Babylon 271 275, his death 277. Cyrus, his birth 201, commands the Median army 251, his descent ib. his education 253, reduces Ar- menia 255, his wars in Assyria 256, routs Cræsus 261, his generosity 263, takes king Cræsus 262, his victories 264,conquers Babylon 265, highly favours Daniel 275, is king of Persia, Media, and Babylon 277, favours Daniel 278. his decree and reasons for restoring the Jews 281, decree for rebuilding the temple 282, his death 323.
Damaratus, the Spartan, serviceable to Xerxes 380. Damascus taken by Arbaces 117. Daniel, book of, writ in Chaldee and Hebrew 321 the prophecy con- cerning Xerxes 409.
Daniel carried into captivity by Neb. uchadnezzar 191, his greatness 192, reveals the king's dream ib. his great piety 208, and fame for wis dom 214, he prophesies to king Belshazzar 268, just before he was slain ib. in high favour with Cyrus 275, his prophecy of our Saviour ib. prays for the Jews 275, in the lion's den ib. favoured by Darius the Median 279, his great age, death and character 318, his build- ing in Susa 320.
Darics, money so called, when coin- ed 276 its value ib. Darius the Median. See Cyaxares. Darius, the son of Hystaspes, made king of Persia by the neighing of his horse 342, forwards the rebuild- ing of the temple 346, his unscc- cessful expedition against the Scy thians 360, invades India 562, his wars with the Macedonians and Greeks 376, his heralds murdered in Greece 377, his losses in Greece,
disposes of his crown 379, death 380, high priest of the Magians 403. David, his riches 118.
Death of princes foretold 333. Decrees, Cyrus' and Artaxerxes' for restoring the Jews 281, Darius' 346, in their favour by several Persian kings 436 note.
Deioces, first king of the Medes 144, the founder of Ecbatana ib. routed by Nabuchodonosor 156. Divination by arrows, how 209. Drachm of gold, its value 288.
Earth and water demanded of the Greeks by Darius to denounce war 377.
East India trade, a full account of it from David's time to the present age 117-123.
Ecbatana, by whom founded 144, ta- ken by Nabuchodonosor 157, an- other city 333, Cambyses deceived by the name ib. Eclipse 200.
Edom. part of the kingdom of Judea 118, revolts 121.
Egypt, anarchy there 149, civil wars 153, attacked by the Scythians 167, by Cambyses 325, by Xerxes 408. Egyptians, their barbarous worship 329, vanquished by Cambyses 326. Elath, a port of Edom whence the Jews traded to Ophir 118, lost and recovered 121, lost entirely 122. Eliakim, minister of state to Ma- nasseh, his history 152. Eli. his family left out of the pedi- gree of high priests 161. Elohim, this word equally applicable to false gods as to the true one 181. Elulæus, king of Tyre, his unfortu- nate wars with the Assyrians 136 Esarhaddon succeeds his father Sen- nacherib king of Assyria 145 his conquests 151, prophesies of them ib. his death 156.
Esau called Edom, and why 125 Esiongeber, a port whence the Jews traded to Ophir 118, 119. Ethiopians. their message to Camby.
Evilmerodach succeeds his father Nebuchadnezzar 249, releases king Jehoiachim out of prison ib. slain ib. Ezekiel carried into captivity by Neb- uchadnezzar 199, called to be a prophet 207, his vision of the cher- ubims ib. carried in a vision from Babylon to Jerusalem ib his pro- phecy against Tyre 214 against Zedekiah ib. against Egypt 220.
Fasts kept in memory of the destruc. tion of Jerusalem & the temple 216, Fasts kept by the Jews in their cap- tivity 349.
Faust, John, invents printing 394,
Fire worshipped by the Persian Magi 337,340,341, alterations in the wor- ship by Zoroastres 388.
Gaurs, the Persian Magi, now so cal- led 406.
Gedaliah made governour of Judea
by Nebuchadnezzar 217, murder- ed by the Jews ib.
Gelo, king of Sicily, slays the Cartha- ginian general, and burns their feet 415, kills and takes their mighty army ib.
Gods, heathen, how they first came to be worshipped 338
Gold, Attic talent of, its value 362. Golden calf carried away by the As- syrians 129.
Golden image, Nebuchadnezzar's, its size and cost 240, 241. Grotius, what he says of the book of Judith being a fable 159, of the book of Baruch 206.
Habakkuk, contemporary with the prophet Jeremiah 188. Haggai the prophet animates the Jews to rebuild the temple 343, his death 381.
Hamestris, Xerxes' wife, her cruelty 425, not the same with queen Es- ther ib.
Hamilcar. general of the Carthagini- an army, confederate with Xerxes against Greece 409, slain 415. Heresy, Manichæan, what it was 340. Herodotus, what he says of Sennach- erib 143, remarks on his history 244, 251 when born 408. Hestians, tyrant of Miletus, his ad- vice in favour of Darius 360, sus- pected by the Persians 364. cruci- fied 371, his history 372-374 Hezekiah succeeds his father Ahaz 131, begins a reformation ib. his wars 134 refuses to pay tribute to the Assyrians 135, being sick. is miraculously cured 137, proud of his alliance with the king of Baby- lon 138 Isaiah rebukes him for it 139, and for his league with the king of Egypt ib. his death and honourable bicial 145.
High priests, their succession among the Jews 161.
Hilkiah finds the law of Moses 169. Hippias, the Athenian tyrant, revolts to the Persians 378, slain ib. Holofernes, general of the Assyrians, destroyed with his army in Pales- tine 156.
Holy fire of the temple described 313, 314.
Holy of holies, a place in the temple 307.
Hoshea makes himself king of Israel 129, tributary to the Assyrians 130, favours to the true worship ib. what is said of him on that account in Scripture ib. joins with Sabacon against the Assyrians 134, taken by them and imprisoned ib. I.
Idolaters, two sects of them only in the world 337, first worshipped the planets 338.
Idumea, Arabia Petræa, so called 125.
differs from the Idumea in Judea ib. Jeconiah, or Jehoiakim, succeeds his father, king Jehoiakim 198, his wickedness ib. sent in chains to Babylon ib. released 247, favoured
ib. Jehoahaz succeeds his father, king Josiah 183, his wicked reign ib. carried captive into Egypt ib. Jehoiakim made king of Judah by the king of Egypt 183, his wicked- ness 186, slays Uriah the prophet 187, put in chains by Nebuchadnez- zar 190, swears fealty to him, and is restored ib. as wicked as ever 193, persecutes the prophets 195, rebels against Nebuchadnezzar 197, slain 198.
Jehoram, king of Judah, loses Edom
Jehosaphat, his trade for gold 121, unsuccessful ib.
Jeremiah's prophecy of seventy years, how fulfilled 277, 348, 375, of Ba bylon's destruction 354, 421. Jeremiah, when called to the pro. phetic office 169, his mourning for king Josiah 179, proclaims God's judgments against king Jehoiakim 186, his danger and escape 187, prophesies of Nebuchadnezzar's invasion 189, imprisoned 190, em- ploys Baruch to publish his prophe, sies ib. hides himself 194, prophe- sies against Jeconiah 198, his pro- phesies relating to the Babylonians 201, dissuades Zedekiah from en- tering into a league against Nebu- chadnezzar ib. writes to the Jews in captivity 202, denounces judg. ments against Semaiah, who wrote
against him 203, sends his prophe- sies against Babylon to that city 204, prophesies to Zedekiah his captivity 210, is imprisoned ib. a- gain 211, 212, well used by order of Nebuchadnezzar 216, carried into Egypt 219, prophesies against the Jews there 221, conjectures of his death ib.
Jerusalem besieged 114, taken in the reign of Ahaz 116, improved by Hezekiah 149, called Cadytis 184, how called now by the Turks and Arabs 185, taken by the king of Egypt ib. named the holy city by the Asiatics ib. taken by Nebu- chadnezzar 190, again 198, plun dered by him ib. again ib. burnt 215, priests celebrate the feast after the Babylonish captivity 287, its dis- tance from Babylon 346, explana. tion of the ichnography of the tem- ple of 291-293.
Jeshua, high priest of the Jews after their restoration 281, his descent ib. his death 408.
Jews lose their trade into the South. ern sea 121, their first captivity by Arbaces 128, ten tribes lost 150, tributary to the king of Egypt 184, carried away captives by Nebu- chadnezzar 191, when their Baby- lonish captivity commenced 189, 192, 199, 211, fly into Egypt from the Assyrians 219, prophesies about their destruction fulfilled 224, pur- sued into Egypt 229, how they evade the prophesies concerning the sceptre departed from Judah 250, restored 281-287, some of all the tribes return 282, their number 284, the poorest of them return 285, and fewer in number than those that staid ib. they resettle ib. thoroughly restored 348, their privileges con. firmed by Xerxes 408, are in his great army 411. Ionians rebel against Darius 366- 370, recover their liberty after Xerxes' defeat 422.
Josephus, many great mistakes in his history 174, 282.
Josiah succeeds his father Ammon king of Judah at eight years old 166, his piety 167, reigns over the whole tribes 169, reforms them ib. rends his clothes at hearing Moses' law read 170, his solemn celebra- tion of the passover ib. his rash en- gagement with the king of Egypt 177, he is slain ib. the great moum- ing for him 179. Isaac's prophecy of Esau fulfilled 121.
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