asked him, by way of ridicule and mockery, "what kind of thing it was to be a magistrate after having been a king?" But he, being vexed with the question, answered, “that he indeed had tried both, but Leutychides had not; however, that this question would be the commencement either of infinite calamity or infinite prosperity to the Lacedæmonians." Having spoken thus and covered his face, he went out of the theatre to his own house, and having immediately made preparation, he sacrificed an ox to Jupiter, and having sacrificed, called for his mother. 68. When his mother came, he placed part of the entrails in her hands, and supplicated her, speaking as follows: "Mother, I beseech you, calling to witness both the rest of the gods and this Hectaan Jupiter, to tell me the truth, who is in reality my father; for Leutychides affirmed on the trial that you, being pregnant by your former husband, so came to Ariston: others tell even a more idle story, and say you kept company with one of the servants, a feeder of asses, and that I am his son. I adjure you, therefore, by the gods to speak the truth; for even if you have done any thing of what is said, you have not done it alone, but with many others; moreover, the report is common in Sparta that Ariston was incapable of begetting children, for that otherwise his former wives would have had offspring." Thus he spoke. 69. She answered as follows: "Son, since you implore me with supplications to speak the truth, the whole truth shall be told you. When Ariston had taken me to his own house, on the third night from the first, a spectre resembling Ariston came to me, and having lain with me, put on me a crown that it had: it departed, and afterward Ariston came, but when he saw me with the crown, he asked who it was that gave it me. I said he did, but he would not admit it, whereupon I took an oath, and said that he did not well to deny it, for that, having come shortly before and lain with me, he had given me the crown. Ariston, seeing that I affirmed with an oath, discovered that the event was superhuman; and, in the first place, the crown proved to have come from the shrine situate near the palace gates, which they call Astrabacus's; and, in the next place, the seers pronounced that it was the hero himself. Thus, then, my son, you have all that you wish to know; for you are sprung either from that hero, and the hero Astrabacus is your father, or Ariston, for I conceived you in that night.

As to that with which your enemies most violently attack you, affirming that Ariston himself, when your birth was announced to him, in the presence of many persons, denied you were his, for that the time, ten months, had not yet elapsed, he threw out those words through ignorance of such matters, for women bring forth at nine months and seven, and all do not complete ten months. But I bore you, my son, at seven months, and Ariston himself knew not long after that he had uttered those words thoughtlessly. Do not listen to any other stories respecting your birth, for you have heard the whole truth; and from feeders of asses may their wives bring forth children to Leutychides and such as spread such reports.' Thus she spoke. 70. But he, having learned what he wished, and having taken provisions for his journey, proceeded to Elis, pretending that he was going to Delphi to consult the oracle; but the Lacedæmonians, suspecting that he was attempting to make his escape, pursued him, and by some means Demaratus got the start of them, crossing over from Elis to Zacynthus; but the Lacedæmonians, having crossed over after him, laid hands on him and took away his attendants. But afterward, for the Zacynthians would not give him up, he crossed over from thence to Asia to king Darius, and he received him honorably, and gave him land and cities. Thus Demaratus arrived in Asia, having met with such fortune, being renowned in many other respects among the Lacedæmonians, both by his deeds and counsels, and, moreover, having obtained an Olympic victory with a four-horse chariot, he procured this honor for his native city, being the only one of all the kings of Sparta who had done this.

cus.

71. Leutychides, son of Menares, when Demaratus was deposed, succeeded to the kingdom. A son was born to him named Zeuxidemus, whom some of the Spartans called CynisThis Zeuxidemus was never king of Sparta, for he died before Leutychides, leaving a son, Archidamus. Leutychides, being bereaved of Zeuxidemus, married a second wife, Eurydame, who was sister of Menius, and daughter of Diactorides; by her he had no male offspring, but a daughter, Lampito; her Archidamus, son of Zeuxidemus, married, Leutychides having bestowed her upon him. 72. However, Leutychides did not grow old in Sparta, but made the following reparation, as it were, to Demaratus. He commanded the

Lacedæmonian army in Thessaly, and when it was in his power to have reduced the whole country to subjection, he accepted a large sum of money as a bribe; and being caught in the very act, sitting there in the camp on a sleeve full of silver, he was banished from Sparta, having been brought before a court of justice. His house was razed, and he fled to Tegea, where he died. These events happened some time

after.

73. When Cleomenes had succeeded in his design against Demaratus, he immediately took Leutychides with him, and went against the Æginetæ, bearing a deep grudge against them on account of the insult he had received. The Æginetæ accordingly thought proper to make no farther resistance, as both kings were coming against them; they, therefore, having selected ten of the Æginetæ, the most eminent both in wealth and birth, and among them Crius, son of Polycritus, and Casambus, son of Aristocrates, who had the chief authority, and having carried them away to Attica, they delivered them as a pledge to the Athenians, the greatest enemies of the Egineta. 74. After this, fear of the Spartans seized upon Cleomenes, when discovered to have employed wicked artifices against Demaratus, and he withdrew secretly to Thessaly; and from thence passing into Arcadia, he began to form new designs, rousing the Arcadians against Sparta, and engaging them both by other oaths to follow him wherever he should lead them; and, moreover, he was desirous of leading the chief men of the Arcadians to the city of Nonacris, to make them swear by the water of the Styx, for in that city the water of the Styx is by the Arcadians said to be. And it is of the following description: a small quantity of water is seen and drops from a rock into a hollow, and a fence of masonry surrounds the hollow. Nonacris, in which this fountain happens to be, is a city of Arcadia near Pheneum. 75. The Lacedæmonians, being informed that Cleomenes was acting thus, through fear restored him to Sparta on the same terms as those on which he had reigned before; but as soon as he had returned, madness seized him, though he was before somewhat crazed; for whenever he met any one of the Spartans, he used to thrust the sceptre into his face. When he was found to do this, and to be clearly out of his mind, his relations confined him in wooden fetters; but he

fleet, but the other generals led the land army to the Hellespont. When Mardonius, sailing by Asia, reached Ionia, there he did a thing, which, when I mention it, will be a matter of very great astonishment to those Grecians who can not believe that Otanes, one of the seven Persians, gave an opinion that it was right for the Persians to be governed by a democracy; for Mardonius, having deposed the tyrants of the Ionians, established democracies in the cities. Having done this, he hastened to the Hellespont. And when a vast body of ships and a numerous land army was assembled, having crossed the Hellespont in ships, they marched through Europe, and directed their march against Eretria and Athens. 44. These cities, indeed, were the pretext of the expedition; but purposing to subdue as many Grecian cities as they could, in the first place they reduced the Thasians with their fleet, who did not even raise a hand to resist them; and in the next place, with their land forces they enslaved the Macedonians, in addition to those that were before subject to them; for all the nations on this side the Macedonians were already under their power. Then, crossing over from Thasus, they coasted along the continent as far as Acanthus; and proceeding from Acanthus, they endeavored to double Mount Athos, but a violent and irresistible north wind falling upon them as they were sailing round, very roughly dealt with a great number of the ships by driving them against Athos; for it is said that as many as three hundred ships were destroyed, and upward of twenty thousand men; for, as this sea around Athos abounds in monsters, some of them were seized and destroyed by these monsters; and others were dashed against the rocks, others knew not how to swim and so perished, and others from cold. Such, then, was the fate of the naval force. 45. Mardonius and the land forces, while encamped in Macedonia, the Thracian Brygi attacked in the night; and the Brygi slew many of them, and wounded Mardonius himself. Nevertheless, even they did not escape slavery at the hands of the Persians; for Mardonius did not quit those parts before he had reduced them to subjection. However, having subdued them, he led his army back again, having suffered a disaster with his land forces from the Brygi, and with his navy a greater one near Athos. Accordingly, this armament, having met with such disgraceful reverses, retreated into Asia.

46. In the second year after these events, the Thasians having been accused by their neighbors of designing a revolt, Darius sent a messenger and commanded them to demolish their walls, and to transport their ships to Abdera; for the Thasians, having been besieged by Histiæus the Milesian, and having large revenues, applied their wealth in building ships of war, and fortifying their city with a stronger wall. Their revenues arose both from the continent and from their mines. From the gold mines of Scapte-Hyle proceeded in all eighty talents yearly, and from those in Thasus less indeed than that amount, yet so much that, as they were exempt from taxes on the produce of the soil, there came in to the Thasians in all, from the continent and the mines, a revenue of two hundred talents yearly; and when the greatest quantity came in, three hundred talents. 47. I myself have seen these mines; and by far the most wonderful of them are those which the Phoenicians discovered, who with Thasus colonized this island, which on that occasion took its name from this Thasus the Phoenician. These Phoenician mines are in that part of Thasus between a place called Ænyra and Conyra, opposite Samothrace: a large mountain has been thrown upside down in the search. This, then, is of such a description. The Thasians, in obedience to the king, both demolished their walls, and transported all their ships to Abdera.

48. After this, Darius made trial of what were the intentions of the Greeks, whether to make war with him, or to deliver themselves up. He therefore dispatched heralds, appointing different persons to go to different parts throughout Greece, with orders to demand earth and water for the king. These, accordingly, he sent to Greece, and dispatched other heralds to the tributary cities on the coast, with orders to build ships of war and transports for horses. 49. They then set about preparing these things; and to the heralds who came to Greece many of the inhabitants of the continent gave what the Persian demanded, as did all the islanders to whom they came and made the demand. Indeed, the other islanders gave earth and water to Darius, and, moreover, the Ægineta; but when they had done so, the Athenians forthwith threatened them, thinking that the Æginetæ had given earth and water out of ill will toward themselves, in order that they might make war on them in conjunction with the Persian; they therefore gladly laid