THE SCHOOL BOARD FOR LONDON.

merited the gracious consideration of their Sovereign and the gratitude of

their country.” Forty-three years have seen the list of these pensioners The following is the composition of the Board elected 1880, with the very much thinned by death. The finance accounts for 1879 showed that divisions represented, the new members being distinguished by an asterisk the total amount of the pensions then payable was but £22,108, and the Against their names :

accounts for 1880 show that there was not a net increase of £1200 in the Angus, Rer, Dr. J., Marylebone Pearson, Rev. H. D., Hackney year, the total being still only £22,467. * Relcher, Rev. B., Westminster Potter, G., Westminster

The additions to the List last year were as follows:-*Berkeley. Captain H., Chelsea * Prendergast, Lieut.-Col., Tower Mrs. Barah Vargas, £25, in consideration of the long and meritorious * Bonnevell, W. H., City of London Hamlets

services of her late husband, Mr. Peter Vargas, superintendent of the ParliaBuxton, E. N., Tower Hamlets Reed, Sir C., Hackney

mentary messengers under the Secretary to the Treasury. Buston, S.C., Westminster *Richardson, Miss M. E., Southwark

Miss Sarah Sophia Vargas, £25; Miss Clara Vargas, £25; Miss Louisa "Charrinzton, S. C., Tower Hamlets Richardson, G. B., Greenwich

Emily Vargas, £25 ; Miss Rosa Vargas, £25; Miss Henrietta Vargas, £25, in *Corry, E. C., Southwark *Roberts, T. L., Finsbury

consideration of the long and meritorious services of their father, the late Coxbead, Rev. J., Marylebone Rogers, Rev. J., Finsbury

Mr. Peter Vargas, superintendent of the Parliamentary messengers under *Diggle, RAT. J. R., Marylebone *Ross, J., Westminster

the Secretary to the Treasury. Fensick-Miller, Mrs. F., Hackney Saunders, J. E, Greenwich Fræman, R., Chelsea

Miss Mary Ann Sydney Turner, £75, in consideration of the services Scrutton, T., Tower Hamlets

rendered by her father, the late Very Rev. Sydney Tuner, as inspector of Gladstone, Dr. J. H., Chelsea *Simcox, Miss E. J., Westminster

reformatories and industrial schools. Gover, H. S., Greenwich

Spicer, H., City of London Gorer, W, S., City of London stanley, Hon. E L., Marylebone

Miss Millicent Flora Louisa MacLeay, £100, in consideration of the services *Haskins, A., Southwark

Stiff, J., Lambeth

rendered to art by her father, the late Mr. Kenneth MacLeay, a life visitor Heller, T. E., Lambeth Surr, Mrs. E., Finsbury

of the Royal Scottish Academy. *Hill, Miss R. D., City of London Taylor, Miss H., Southwark

Mr. Richard Henry Hengist Horne, £50, in addition to the pension of Jones, J.J., Hackney

*Wainwright, Rev. Dr., Finsbury £50, granted in 1874, in recognition of his contributions to literature. Jones, E., Hackney Watson, J., Marylebone

Mrs. Marian Hepworth Dixon, £100, in consideration of the literary Lacraft, B, Finsbury

*Webster, Mrs. J. A., Chelsea services of her late husband, Mr. Willium Hepworth Dixon. Mills, A., M.P., Marylebone

Westlake, Mrs. A., Marylebone Morse, Rev. T., Greenwich

Mr. Walter Hood Fitch, £100, in recognition of his long and valuable *White, C., Lambeth

services towards the advancement of botanical science. *Muller, Miss, Lambeth

Wilks, M., Finsbury Murphy, Rev. G. M., Lambeth Wylie, A., Lambeth

Mr. William Thomas Best, £100, in consideration of his services to Pearce, W., Tower Hamlets

music. Out of the total of 50 members 22 had not seats on the late board, while

Mr. Samuel Carter Hall, £150, in recognition of his literary services, the number of new members in 1876 and also in 1873 was 25.

Dr. Henry Dunbar, £80, in consideration of his services to classical From the School Board Report, issued for the half year ending March, literature. 1861), we learn that the anticipated difficulty of carrying out the Act has not

Miss Georgina Jackson, £4), in consideration of her philological been at all equal to what was expected. In 1870 the number of children on researches. the registers of elementary schools in England and Wales was 1,603,000; in 157 1 it bad risen to 2,497,000; and in 1879 to 3,710,000, showing an increase of

Lady Goss, £70, in consideration of the services rendered to music by her 119 per cent in nine years. The number of children in actual attendance husband, the late Sir John Goss. in 1870 was 1,152,000; in 1874 it was 1,679,000; in 1879 it was 2,595,000, an Mrs. Anne Jane Sampson and Miss Julia Goss, £60 (jointly) in similar in Tease of 125 per cent. The next point was the amount of accommoda- consideration of the sei vices of their father, the late Sir John Goss. tion. In 1870 there were 1,817,000 places; in 1874 there were 2,872,000; in Mrs. Broun, £75, in consideration of the services rendered to science by 1679 there were 4,142,000, an increase of 121 per cent. The grant in 1870 her husband, the late Mr. J. A. Brown, F.R.S. was at the rate of 9s. 11 d. per child; in 1874 it was 128. 5d. ; in 1879 it was

Lady Fothergill-Cooke, £50, in consideration of the services of her husband, lós. 51d., an increase of 56 per cent. The percentage of population on the the late Sir W. Fothergill-Cooke, in connect: on with the introduction of school registers was 77 in 1870, 10 6 in 1874, 14:7 in 1879. These figures the telegraphic system into this country. were almost startling. The outlay on school buildings by School Boards aod voluntary bodies has been £20,000,000 in the nine years, of which the Sabool Boards had spent over £13,020,000. The total cost of elementary

TRADE AND COMMERCE. education in schools under inspection in England and Wales had never been given. In 1870 it was £1,527,000, or an average of, £1. 68. 5d. per evenly distributed or otherwise. This wealth is of the kind which is rather

A good harvest is plainly an addition to the wealth of the country, whether scholar; in 1874 it was £2,620,000, the average being £1 118. 24d.; in

an addition to revenue than to capital. Abundant crops at once improve 1679 it was £4,775,000, the average being £1 168. 5d. The money in 1879

the circumstances of the farmer who sows and reaps them; the landowner Fas made up of £136,000 from endowments, £751,000 from voluntary contributions, £636,000 from the rates, £1.372,000 in school fees, £19,000 land, and a good year raises the average.

is also put in a better position, for rent depends upon the average yield of from miscellaneous sources, and £1,898,000 from imperial funds; total,

The consumer should, of

course, be benefited, for the cheapness and abundance of food leave them £4,755, 10. In addition the cost of administration had been £987,000, 80 that voluntary subscriptions exceeded the contributions from the rates, and profits are thereby increased, and wages tend to rise in all industries.

more to spend on the secondary necessities and luxuries of life. Trade and school fees exceede both. In 1870 the average amount of cho

fees paid by each scholar was es. 4 d.; in 1874, 98. 8 d.; and in 1879, 10s. 5d. The

In the twelve months ending Aug. 31, 1880, the import of wheat into

the United Kingdom reached 59,816,691 cwt., equal to 13,8 13,621 qrs., and population under the Boards numbered about 13,000,000. The total expenditure of the Boards last year was £3,700,000, of which only £243,000 10,431,726 cwt., or 2,980,493 qrs., we find that we received from abroad no

when we add to this the import of wheat flour, which amounted to went for administration. The percentage of average attendance in 1870 was

fewer than 70,747,417 cwt., or 16,784,114 qrs. of wheat and wheat flour. In 68 1. In 1874 it had fallen to 672, but last year it had risen to 69.9, and

the twelvemonth ending Aug. 31, 1878, the amount was 62,255,125 cwt., or that average was considerably less than it would have been if it were not for the half-timers, who caused a depreciation of at least 10 per cent. The 60,849,823 cwt., or 14,543,607 qrs. Our other imports of corn in the twelve

14,808,966 qrs., and in the twelvemonth ending Aug. 31, 1879, it was proportion of scholars examined in the fourth standard and upwards in

month ending Aug. 31, 1880, comprised 31,870.896 cwt., or 7,436,542 qrs., 1870 Fas 19 per cent; in 1874, 18'1 per cent; and in 1879, 22.1 per cent. The numbers examined were, in 1870, 102,630; and in 1879, 388,680. There

of Indian corn or maize; 12,382,665 cwt., or 3,467,147 qrs. of basley; the are 77 blind children taught in 29 different schools; and there are also 162 cwt., or 445,061 qrs. of peas; and 2,754,518 cwt., or 645,721 qrs. of beans.

very large quantity of 15,622,912 cwt., or 5,681,059 qrs, of oats; 2,002,772 deaf mutes under instruction on what is termed the “ Dual System "--that is, sign and lip teaching, and there are many more children waiting for classed under the title of “corn,” amounted to 134,430,348 cwt., or

The grand totals are as follows:-In 1877-8, the twelvemonth's import thus school accommodation. The rise in the number of certificated teachers had been from 12,647 in 1870 to 29,766 in 1879. Assistant teachers had increased

33,858,689 qrs.; in 1878-9 it was 124,866,538 cwt., or 31,510,900 qrs.; and in

1879-80 it reached 134,881,180 cwt., or 34,456,644 grs. from 1202 to 6616, and pupil teachers from 14,300 to 33,195.

The American wheat crop of 1880 was estimated to yield 450,000,000 Amount of Salaries of Head and Assistant Teachers.

bushels, and the home consumption 250,000,000 bushels, thus leaving an

available surplus for exportation of 200,000,000 bushels, which is much Fixed Salary. Share of Grant.

above the average of previous years. The value of the exports of American

bread and breadstuffs during each of the last two years has exceeded in Number of

value the exports of any other commodity, and it is of interest to know that

Total. Departmente.

there was in 1879 an increase in the value of breadstuffs of 28,577,687 Amount. Amount.

dollars over that of 1878, an increase of 1572 per cent. The splendid harvests enabled the American farmers to send us in 1878 and 1879 150,000,000 bushels of wheat and flour. The actual exports of breadstuffs

from the United States for the calendar year 1879 amounted to 177,908,553 £

€ s. d. £ 8. d. bushels, that is, 147,265,648 bushels of wheat, against 134,319,966 bushels Head Masters

274 44,720 0 252 | 19,847 15 2 64,467 15 2 for the year 1878. Head Mistresses

600 53,672 0 465 25,286 60 78,958 60 The following table shows the several crop products of the United States Assistant Masters 897 78,458 0 807 19,195 13 5 97,653 13 5 for the calendar year 1879:Assistant M stresses 1458 100,635 10 1163 24,174 72 124,809 17 2

Crop.
Acres. Yield.

Product. Total 3129 277,385 10 2687 88,504 1 9 365,889 11 9

Corn...
53,685,401 26.9 Bushels

1,514,899,000 CIVIL LIST PENSIONS.

Cotton
12,616,000 191 lb. Bales

5,020,389 Barley

1,730,000 239

Bushels 41,000 000 The grant of a Civil List Pension of larger amount than usual may call Buckwheat

640,200 20 9

13,438,000 attention to this class of pensions and their limitations. They are granted Oats ...

12,683,500 28.7

365,000,000 under the Civil List Act of 1 Vict., c. 2, whereby it is provided that there Potatoes

1,836,820 98.9

181,369,340 shall be paid quarterly out of the Consolidated Fund, such pensions, at the Rye

1,050,000 15.9

23,646,000 rate of £1200 a year for each year of her Majesty's reign as may be grunted Tobacco

493,167
723 Lb.

384,059,659 big her Majesty, chargeable on the Civil List revepues. But the statute enacts Wheat

32,800,000 13 Bushels 448,755,000 that such pensions shall be granted to such persons only as have just claims on the Royal beneficence, or who, by their personal services to the Crown, by the performance of duties to the public, or by their useful The total value of the above crops was 1,904,480,659 dollars, an increase discoveries in science and attainments in literature and the arts, have in wheat of 28,633,000 bushels, and a decrease in cotton of 196,814 bales.

No. of

Teachers

No. of
Teachers

...

...

...

...

i s Cambridge Michaelmas Term 6 1 10 25 5 40 2 20 11 13

begins 2 3 16th SUND. AFT. TRINITY 6 3 10 44 5 38 2 55 m. rn. 3 M old St. Matthew

6 5 11 35 35 3 23 0 33 4 N First English Bib'e printed, 1535 6 7 11 21 5 32 3 48 1 55 6 W Sir Francis Grant died, 1878 6 9 11 39 5 29 4 11 3 18 6 TH Faith, Virgin and Martyr 6 10 11 56 5 27 4 31 4 40 7 F Archbishop Laud born, 1873 6 12 12 13 5 24 4 53 6 1 8 s Battle of Torres Vedras, 1810 6 14 12 30 5 22 5 25 7 22 9 $ 17TH SUND. AFT. TRINITY 6 16 12 47 5 20 5 57

8 40 10 M Oxford Michaelmas Term begins 6 17 13 2 5 18 6 35 9 53 11 TU

Prince of Wales left London for 6 19 13 18 5 15 7 20 10 58

India, 1875 12 W

Columbus discovered America, 1492

6 20 13 33 5 13 8 11 11 53 13 I Canova ded, 1822

6 22 13 47 5 10 9 10 Aftern. 14 F Fire Insurance due

6 24 14 15 8 10 12 1 16 15 s Length of Night, 13h. 19m. 6 25 14 14 5 6 11 16 1 45 16 S 18TH SUND. AFT. TRINITY 6 27 14 27 5 4 Morn. 2 10 17 M Eir Philip Sidney died, 1585 6 28 14 39 5 2 0 21 2 32 18 TV St. Luke, Evangelist 6 30 14 505 0 1 26 2 51 19 W Leigh Hunt born, 1784

6 31 15 1 4 58 2 32 3 10 20 TH Sir Christopher Wren born, 1632 6 32 15 11 4 563 41 3 30 21 F Battle of Trafalgar, 1805 6 34 15 20 4 54 4 48 3 49 22 S Lord Holland died, 1840 6 36 15 29 4 52 5 59 4 10 23 19TH SUND. AFT. TRINITY 6 38 15 37 1 50 7 13 4 38 24 M Chaucer (poet) died, 1400 6 40 15 45 4 47 8 24 5 12 25 TV St. Crispin

6 42 15 51 4 45 9 35 5 54 26 W Hogarth died, 1764

6 44 15 574 43 10 40 6 46 27 TH Captain Cook born, 1728 6 46 16 3 4 41 11 34 7 50 28 F St. Simon and St. Jude 6 48 16 7 4 39 Aftern. 9 3 29 S Riots at Bristol, 1831

6 50 16 11 4 37 0 56 10 21 30 $ 20TH SUND. AFT. TRINITY 6 51 16 14 4 36 1 27 11 39 31 M John B. Buckstone died, 1879 6 63 16 16 4 34 1 52 Morn.

31

2

47

ASTRONOMICAL OCCURRENCES.

Venus is a morning star, rising on the 8th at 3h. 8m. a.m., or 3h. 6m.; The Moon is near Saturn during the night of Oct. 9, near Jupiter during before sunrise ; on the 18th at 3h. 37m. a m., or 2h 53m. before the Sud,

and on the 28th at 4t. 7m. a.m., or 2h. 41m. before the Sun. She is the night of Oct. 10. She is near Mars during the night of the 13th, near Venus on the morning of the 21st, and near Mercury on the morning of the at her least distance from the Sun on the 17th, and near the Moon on

the 20th. 24th. Her phases or times of change are :

Mans rises at Oh. 3m. p.m. on the 7th, at 8h. 38m. p.m. on the 17th, and Full Moon on the 7th at 59 minutes after 1h. in the afternoon.

at 8h. 11m. p.m. on the 27th. He is due south on the 1st at bh. 34m. a m. Last Quarter 16th ,, 26

2
morning.

on the 15th at 5h. 4m. a.m., and on the last day of the month at th. 21m. New Moon 23rd

morning.

a.m. He is near the Moon on the 13th. First Quarter 30th

morniog.

Jupiter rises on the 7th at th. 47m. p.m., or 16. 23m. after sunset; on She is nearest the Earth on the 4th, and again on the last day of the month, the 17th at 6h. 5m. p.m., or 1h. 3m. after sunset ; and on the 27th at 5h. 23m. and most distant from it on the 16th.

pm, or 42 minutes after sunset. He is due south on the 1st at 2h. 65m. Mercury is an evening star, setting at 6h. Om. p.m. on the 3rd, at 5h. 51m. a.m., on the 15th at 1h. 58m. a.m., and on the last day at Oh. 46m. a.m. He

is near the Moon on the 10th. p.m. on the 8th, at 5h. 40m. p.m. on the 18th, at 5h. 29m. p.m. on the 18th, at 5h, 18m. p.m. on the 23rd, and at 5h. 4m. p.m. on the 29th, being, respec- SATURN rises on the 7th at 6h. 21m. p.m., or 57 minutes after sunset; on tively, 25 minutes, 29 minutes, 30 minutes, 29 minutes, 28 minutes, and the 17th at 5h. 40m. p.m., or 38 minutes after sunset; and on the 27th at 25 minutes after sunset on these evenings. He is at his greatest eastern 4h. 59m. p.m., or 18 minutes after sunset. He is due south on the 1st at elongation (21 deg. 33 min.) on the 16th, dear the Moon on the 24th, and 15. 50m. a.m., on the 15th at 1h. Om. a.m, on the last day at 11h. 48m. p.m. stationary among the stars on the 28th.

He is near the Moon on the oth.

..

...

:::::

...

116,905 124,438 11,373 14,553 201,900 212,091

182,735

233,000 1,851,792

968,634

...

137,066
29,292
7,57
6,777
6,851

:::::

85,529 250,000 107,273 197,295 46,452

127 106 148

Austro-Hungarian... Francis Joseph I., Emperor
Monarchy, viz. :-

Austrian proper ..

Hungary Belgium

Leopold II., King Denmark

Christian X, King France

Jules Grévy, President
German Empire

William I., Emperor
The Chief States-
Prussia

William IV., King
Bavaria

Louis II., King Wurtemberg

Charles, King... Saxony

Albert. King Baden

Frolcrick William, Grand Duke ...
Free Towns

Lubeck
Bremen

Hamburg ...
Pays d' l'Empire

Alsace-Lorraine...
Great Britain and Ireland.. Victoria, Queen

Scotland

Ireland
Greece
Georgios I., King

kilos. Holland

William III., King Italy ...

Victor Emmanuel II., King
Luxembourg

Henry, Grand Duke...
Netherlands
Norway

Oscar II., King

" Portugal

Dom Luis I., King Russia in Europe

Alexander II., Emperor Russian Dominions

kilos. San Marino

Captaing-regent Spain...

Alfonso XII., King ... Sweden

Oscar II., King
Switzerland ...

Mons. Nagel, Pres. of Swiss Confed.
Turkey in Europe
Abdul Hamid H., Sultan ...

kilos. Turkish Tributaries

Cyprus
Eastern Roumania Charles I., Prince
Bulgaria
Bosnia, Herzegovina, &c.

... kilos.

22,176,745 37,308,989 306,526,906
15,509,455 21,213,850 35,400,000
5, 476,668 10,029,600 46,974,885 Brussels
2,070,400 2,671,441 10,324,201 Copenhagen...
36,905,788 106,885,620 937,584,280 Paris
43,943,894 22,690,104

Berlin
42,727,360 32,571,470 28,848,873 Berlin
5,022,904 10,602,593 31,337,209 Munich
1,881,505 2,110,181 14,699,294 Stuttgart
2,760,342 2,374,645 17,044,402 Dresden
1,506,531 3,433,863 16,829,971 Mannheim

56,912 113,610 1,144,623 141,848 645,531 3,791,006

388,618 1,036,565 6,419,200 1,529,408 1,711,449

Strasbourg 31,517,000 77,131,694 776,970,544 | London 3,360,018 30,338

Edinburgh 5,411,416

Dublin
1,702,356 1,386,671 16,360,103 Athens
3,981,887 8,224,467 77,276,673 Amsterdam
28,204,620 53,806,284 396,000,000

Rome...
205,158 247,000 450,000 Luxembourg
1,802,882 2,177,000 2,700,000 Christiania
4,745,562 6,346,661 80,000,000 Lisbon
68,854,910 79,908,742 250,548,000 St. Petersburg
87,959,000
10,000
4,502

San Marino
16,835,506 21,800 404,500,000 Madrid
4,631,863 4,347,667 7,785,936 Stockholm
2,792,264 1,680,640
4,790,000 22,552,300 210,000,000 Constantinople

See Population Returns of United States, given separately, with other of the principal States.
AREA AND POPULATION OF AFRICA.

North Equatorial Regions

2,254,980

27,000,000 The African Continent has a population of 205,679,000, and the total area, South Equatorial Regions

1,717,900

20,000,000 as the result of a new estimate, is given as 20,283,000 square kilomètres. Of

Independent South Africa

1,500,000

13,286,350 these the forest and cultivated lands are taken to occupy 6,376,726 square Portuguese East Africa

991,150

1,000,000 kilomètres; savannas and light woods, 6,235,378; bush, 1,672,431 ; steppe, Portuguese West Africa...

78,470

9,000,000 4,269,027 ; desert, 10,659,133, of which the Sahara occupies upwards of Orange Free State...

111,497

75,000 9,000,000 kilometres, including many oases and cultivated patches. The

British South Africa

068,418

1,966,000 arca and population of Africa are divided among the chief countries and

African Islands

626,054

3,592,400 regions as follows:

Angola.
Area. quare kilos, Population,
Morocco (including Swat, &c.)...

812,332
7,929,000

ASLA.-POPULATION, 838,707,000.
Algeria

667,065

2,867,626

The principal states and territories in this vast continent areTunis

116,348

2,100,000 Tripoli, &c. ...

1,033,319

1,010,000

AFHANISTAN.--Ares, 212,000 square miles ; population, 5,000,000; preSahara

6,150,426

2,850,000

vailing religion, Mohammedan (sunnite). Capital, Cabul; population, Egypt and Dependencies...

2,986,915

17, 420,00

60,000. Central Soudan

1,714,983

31,770,000

ARABIA.-The entire peninsula embraces an area of 1,200,000; population, West Soudan and Upper Guinea

1,993,046

43,600,000 8,000,000; religion, Mahommedan. Chief Town, Mecca ; population, 40,000. Abyssinia

333,279

3,000,000 BELOOCHIstan.-Area, 200,000; religion, Mahommeban (Hunnite); reHarar, Galli, &c. ... ..

1,897,038

15,500,000 venue estimate, 30,000. Capital, Kelat; population, 12,000.

Borgeo.-Sultan, Abdul Mumein; area, 300,000; population, 250,000.

EMIGRATION STATISTICS. The island is divided into a large number of petty sovereignties; among them, Sarawak, on the west coast, population 130,000, is governed by Rajan The Census will, no doubt, show a large increase in the population of England, Brooke, nephew of Sir J. Brooke.

although emigration has gone on actively for many years. This outlet for BUBAE.- Area, 157,500 square miles ; population, 3,000,000; religion, an over-populated country is likely to receive a check; for New Zealand, Boddhist.

it appears, is already getting over stocked, and the last intelligence received China. -Tsai Tien, Emperor ; area, 4,000,000; population, 470,000,000; is that no more people should be sent, and no more assisted passages paid prevailing religion, Confucianiem-Buddhism ; revenue estimated about out of the Emigration Fund. We learn from the Emigration Returns that 100,000,000. Capital, Pekid, population, 1,700,000.

the number, nationalities, and destinations of persons leaving the United Japax.-Mustsu Hito, Mikado; area, 260,000; population, 34,338,500; Kingdom for Places out of Europe, in each of the Years 1874, 1875, and prevailing religion, Buddhism ; revenue, £9,750,000; army, 80,000. Capital, 1876, were as follows :Dedo, 1,2000). JATA (Dutch Colony).–Baron Van Lansberge, Governor-General; area,

Destinations. 51,338; population, 16,671,206, Mohammedan; revenue, £10,460,374.

Total to Capital, Batavia; population, 180,000.

Nationalities. Years.

all British

t'nited Presia. -Nassr-ed-Din, Shah, area, 560,000 square miles; population,

North

Austral- Other Places.

States. 3,500,000; religion, Mahommedan (Sheah); revenue, £2,000,000; army,

Places.

America. 165,00. Capital, Teheran ; population, 130,000. TUESET IX Asia.-Area, 661,272 square miles; population, 16,463,000.

1874 66,388 15,224

36,555

8,323 116,490 Capital eity, Smyrna, 160,000.

English ...

1875 43,867 9,044 20,749 10,880 84,540

1876 34,612 6,227 20,582 BRITISH COLONI ES.

11,975 73,396

1874 9,250 2,7661 7,050 1,220 20,286 Australis, taken with recent annexations to Queensland of islands in Scotch

1875 5,893 1,871 5,750 1,172 14,656

1876 Tortes Straits, has a population as follows for 1878 :-New South Wales,

3,510 1,050 4,550 987 10,097 60,7-9; Victoria, $79,142; South Australia, 248,795; Northern Territory

1874 48,136 2,738 8,976 646 60,496 1189, 320; Queensland, 210,510; West Australia, 28,166 ; Tasmania, Irish

1875 31,433 1,391 8,251 374 41,449 10.947; New Zealand (end of 1878), 476,642 ; including Maoris, which is

1876 16,432 2,058 7,064 422

25,976 considerably larger than the census figure of March of the same year, 414,112. From careful estimates the area of New Guinea is set down as

1874 113,774 20,728 52,581 10,189 197,272 7-5,562 square kilomètres, and the population 5.0,000. The following table Total of British Origin 1875 81,193 12,306 34,750 12,426 140,675

1876 relates to the Oceanic islands :

64,554 9,335 32,196 13,384 109,469 Area,

1874 30,185 4,704 1,322 2,254 38,465 Square kilos.

Population.
Foreigners

1875

23,028 6,016 767 2,5.36 31,347 Melanesia

145,855
06,90

1676 19,666

2,9411

976 2,001 25,584 Polynesia

9,791
130, 100

1874 4,202 18

55

1,002 5,277 Sandwich Islands

17,008

58,000
Not Distinguished 1875 825 56

808 1,787 Micronesia

3,530
84,650

1876 1,313

51 19 1,786 3,169 176,184 879,850

1874 148,161 25,450 58,958 13,445 241,014 General Total

1875 105,046 CEOCK COLONIEB IN WHICH THE CROWN HAS THE ENTIRE CONTROL.

17,378 35,525 15,860 173,809 1876 75,633 12,327 33,191 17,171 138,222

...

8

Colony.

Settled or
Acquired.

Extent,
Share
Biles.

Pojila

tion.

Expendi-
Revenue.

ture.

Debt.

The following Table gives the Occupations of the Adult Passengers of each

Sex that Embarked from the United Kingdom in each of the Years 1874, 1875, and 1876 :

***

35

8,428

105

:::

224

...

and

..

£
£ £
Occupations.

1874.

1870, 1876. 1. Aden

1838

5 22,000 2. Ascension

1815
200

MALES.
3. Falkland
1833 4,840 1,500 4,130 7,600

Labourers, Gardeners, 4. Fiji 1874 7,403 140,000

31,266 85,900 Agricultural 14,221

6,00 5,379 5. Gambia

1631
21

Carters, &c.
14,190
21.380
20,787
Bakers, Confectioners, &c.

240
208

135 6. Gibraltar

1704
13 25,143 42,143 42,188

283

276 Blacksmiths and Farriers

234 7. Gold Coast 1664 14.000 520,000 67,386 71,644

428
258

108 8. Guiana

1873 67,000 193,941 352,136 356,014 366,437 Boot and Shoe Makers 9. Heligoland

1807
51 1,913

Bricklayers, Masons, Plasterers, Blaters,
9,575 8,371

1,554 1,204 825

&c. 10. Honduras 1783 13,500 24,710 41,909 40,382 13,065

&c. Butchers, Poulterers,

132

121 11. Hong-Kong ... 1813 29 124,198 186,813 81,337

2,639

2,010 1,932 19. Jamaica, &c. 1670 4,416 506,154 590,937 586,520 869,915 Carpenters and Joiners

Clerks

1,127 1,008 884 13. Labuan 1846 45 4,898 8,757 6,721

63
44

47 14. Lagos ... 1861 5,000

Coopers
62,000 43,360 43,379
Domestic servants

475

310 15. Malta 1800 115 45,604 172,968 155,592

507
459

489

Engineers 16. Mauritius 1810 1,060 358,602 692,894 775,836 900,000

Farmers

4,374 4,004 3,623 17. Perim

1855

7 211
18. St. Helena
1821

Gentlemen, Professional Men, Merchants,
6,241
47
13,931 14,521

16,233 14,440 10,465

&c. 18. Sierra Leone 1787 468 37,089 95,325 93,613

43,879 Labourers, General

26,468 20,529 1786 20. Straits Settle- \

Mechanics

12,484 7,364 4,853 to 1,440 310,000 22,740 319,645 ments

Miners and Quarrymen

3,652 2,582 1815

2,135 21. Transvaal 1877 114,000 280,000 71,879 71,871 Painters, Paperbadgers, Plumbers

631
159

189

Glaziers 22. Trinidad 1797 1,440 310,000 341,619 352,488 191,600 Seamen

474

243 Shopkeepers, Shopmen, Warehousemen,

521
168

102 Australia and Polynesia together have a population of 4,031,000. The &c. Polar Regions, 82,000. According to the latest data Europe has a popu. Smiths (General), Braziers, Tinsmiths,

378
391

296 lation of 316,920,000; Asia, 834,707,000; Africa. 205,679,000; America, Whitesmiths, &c. 15,195,500 ; and, inclusive of Australia, giving a grand total of 1,455,928,500? Spinners and Weavers

154
134

61 Tailors

427
397

258 Other Trades and Professions

2,860 2,516 2,769 ECLIPSES IN 1881.

Occupation not stated

13,199 17,100 17,691 In the year 1881 there will be two Eclipses of the Sun and two of the Moon.

FEMALES. The Arst is a Partial Eclipse of the Sun, on May 27-28, invisible at Domestic and Farm Servants, Nurses, &c. 14,566 10,309 6,700 Greenwich. It begins at 9h. 4őm. p.m. on May 27, in longitude 1045 deg. Gentlewomen and Gover nesses

1,455

1,775 1,520 E. of Greenwich, and latitude 30 deg. N. Its greatest phase, whea about Millipers, Dressmakers, Needlewomen

565

289 three-fourths of the Sun's diameter will be obscured, is at 11h. 49m. p.m., in Other Trades and Professions

92
47

64 longitude 13t deg. E. of Greenwich, and latitude 68} deg. N. The eclipse Occupation not stated

59,610 42,291 34,347 ends on May 28 at 1h. 52m. a.m., in longitude 94, deg. W. of Greenwich, and latitude 46 deg. N.

Total

180,687 142,329 114,737 The Eclipse will be visible from the NE. of Asia and NW. parts of America.

The second is a Total Eclipse of the Moon, on June 12, invisible at Greenwich. It begins at 5h, 11m, a.m., Greenwich mean time, in longitude

EXPENDITURE IN CYPRUS. 781 deg. W. of Greenwich, and latitude 28 deg. 8. The middle of the

Under the

I'nder the Edipse will take place at 6h. 53m. a.m., and it will end at 8h. 36m. a.m., in

Turks.

British.

Service de l'Intérieur longitude 128 deg. w. of Greenwich, and latitude 23 deg. 8.

£16,060

£54,201 The third is an Angular Eclipse of the Sun, on Nov. 21, invisible at Finance ...

3,660

2,860 Greenwich. It begins at 2h. 18m. p.m., mean time at Greenwich, in Magistrature and Justice

2,271

3,340 longitude 137 deg. W. of Greenwich, and latitude 264 deg. 8., and ends at Customs and Excise ...

6,450

5,715

682

Miscellaneous th. 19m. p.m., in longitude 14 deg. E. of Greenwich, and latitude 39 deg. 8.

6,615 The fourth is a Partial Eclipse of the Moon, on Dec. 5, partly visible at Greenwich. It begins at 3h. 28m. p.m., Greenwich mean time, in longitude

29,093

72,781 125 deg. E. of Greenwich, and latitude 22 deg. N. The middle of the High Commissioner and Staff

11,381 Eclipse will be at 5h. 8m. p.m., in longitude 100 deg. E. of Greenwich, and Districts

20,906 latitude 22 deg. N., and the end will be at th. 49m. p.m., in longitude Police

21,914 764 deg. E. of Greenwich, and latitude 224 deg. N. Åt Greenwich the Moon will rise at Sh. 50m. p.m.

24,201