underneath; after the reading of which he is to return to the text, and resume it where he left off. By that means he will have a clearer and fuller notion of the whole, than if he should read either the text or the remarks separately. I must here acknowledge the favour of those gentlemen who have been pleased to communicate to me some letters of Mr. Chillingworth, which were never before printed. They lead us into a particular knowledge of his sentiments, and therefore cannot but be very acceptable to the reader. This being a critical as well as an historical account, I found myself obliged to act the part both of a critic and of an historian. But, the criticisms relating only to matter of fact, or the vindication of Mr. Chillingworth, I hope those eminent persons, whose mistakes I have taken the liberty to observe, will not be offended with my freedom, since no man is exempt from error, and the assertions of great men are apt to be taken upon trust, and received as authorities. LONDON, July 15th, 1725. CONTENTS I. Chillingworth's Birth, Education, and Conversion to Popery II. Chillingworth is reclaimed from Popish Apostasy by Arch- Page. IV. His Candour, Moderation, and Charity. His Corre- VI. Brief History of the Thirty-nine Articles of the Church of England. What is meant by Subscription to them 76 VII. Grounds of Chillingworth's Scruples about Subscription... 91 VIII. Knott's Attempt to anticipate Chillingworth's Answer, and to defame his Character. Chillingworth's noble Conduct under his base and false Imputations. Description and Defence of Daillé's "Right Use of the Fathers"...... 118 IX. Chillingworth's Answer to Knott is revised by Drs. Prideaux, Baylie, and Fell, at the Request of Archbishop Laud. While at Press, the Sheets are surreptitiously obtained by Knott. Chillingworth's Reasons for not replying to the second Part of Knott's Book. The Arch- bishop's Approval of those Reasons. Chillingworth dedicates X. Chillingworth's Ideas concerning Subscription to the Thirty- XI. Chillingworth's Mode of defending Dr. Potter. His XIII. The flattering Reception of Chillingworth's Work. Answers of the Romanists: Knott's (Wilson's) "Christianity maintained:" Floyd's "Church Conquerant over Human Wit," and "Total Sum :" and Lacy's "Judgment of an University-Man:" with Quotations from each of them... 221 XIV. Account of Knott's "Infidelity Unmasked," with XV. Chillingworth's Subscription to the Thirty-nine Articles. He is promoted to the Chancellorship of Sarum, and deputed by the Chapter, as their Proctor, to the Convoca- tion on Church Affairs. Disturbed State of the Kingdom. Cheynell's Accusation against Chillingworth and other eminent Persons. The Siege of Gloucester, in which Chillingworth applies his classical and mathematical Knowledge to the Construction of Military Engines. He preaches before the King at Oxford. Account of that Sermon, and of other eight subsequently published......... 265 XVI. The Scotch join the English Republicans; and justify the Act of bearing Arms against their Sovereign by various Pamphlets, to which Chillingworth writes Replies. The Justification of his Conduct. List of his unpublished Works. Publication of his "Apostolical Institution of Episcopacy." Correction of Dr. Walker's Mistake con- cerning another Person of the Name of Chillingworth, a Member of the House of Commons XVII. Continuance of the Civil War. Chillingworth taken Prisoner in Arundel-Castle; and, in consequence of severe Illness, removed to Chichester. Extracts from Cheynell's Pamphlet, "Chillingworthi Novissima," containing some XVIII. Cheynell's further Account of his Behaviour toward Chillingworth, whose Sickness proves to be mortal......... 325 XIX. The Death of Chillingworth. His last Will and Testament. The extravagant and uncharitable Conduct of Cheynell at Chillingworth's Funeral. His Speech on that Occasion. Locke's Opinion of Cheynell's Pamphlet. The Imputation THE LIFE OF MR. WILLIAM CHILLINGWORTH. I. CHILLINGWORTH'S BIRTH, EDUCATION, AND CONVERSION TO POPERY. WILLIAM CHILLINGWORTH, a divine of the church of England, celebrated for the excellency of his parts, for his moderation, and masterly way of defending the cause of the protestants against the papists, was "son of William Chillingworth, citizen (afterwards mayor) of Oxford, was born in St. Martin's parish there, in a little house on the north side of the conduit at Quartervois, in October, 1602; and on the last of that month received baptism there."* William Laud, afterwards archbishop of Canterbury, and then Fellow of St. John's College, and Master of Arts,† was his godfather.‡ "After he had been educated in grammarlearning under Edward Sylvester, a noted Latinist and Grecian, (who taught privately in All-saints' parish,) or in the Free-school joining to Magdalen * ANTHONY A WOOD, Athena Oxonienses, &c., vol. ii. col. 20 of the first edition. "The Diary of the Life of Archbishop Laud," published by Mr. Wharton, pp. 1, 2. WOOD, ubi supra, c. 21. B College, or in both, he became scholar of Trinity College, under the tuition of Mr. Robert Skinner, on June 2d, 1618, being then [of] about two years’ standing in the University; and going through with ease the classes of logic and philosophy, was admitted Master of Arts in the latter end of 1623, and Fellow of the said College June 10th, 1628. He was then observed," says Mr. Wood, "to be no drudge at his study; but, being a man of great parts, would do much in a little time when he settled to it. He would often walk in the College-grove and contemplate; but when he met with any scholar there, he would enter into discourse and dispute with him, purposely to facilitate and make the way of wrangling common with him; which was a fashion used in those days, especially among the disputing theologists, or among those that set themselves apart purposely for divinity." * Mr. Chillingworth did not confine his studies to divinity. He applied himself, with great success, to mathematics; and, what shows the extent of his genius, he was also accounted a good poet. (1.)† His intimate friends were, sir Lucius Cary, afterwards viscount Falkland; Mr. John Hales, of Eton, &c.; but more particularly Mr. Gilbert Sheldon, who, in the year 1663, succeeded Dr. Juxon in the see of Canterbury. The study and conversation of the Universityscholars, in his time, turned chiefly upon the controversies between the church of England and the church of Rome. The occasion was this: WOOD, ubi supra, col. 20. the end of this section, p. 7. † See Remark 1. at |