ABAE, 79.

Abantes, 109.

Abdera, 128.

Abydos, 228.

Abyssinia, or Habesch, 517.
Acanthus, 131.

ACARNANIA, 84.

Aces, river, remarkable plain contain-
ing the sources of, 292; confounded
by Herodotus with the Helmund and
Oxus, ib.

Achaeans, their origin not mentioned
by Herodotus, 33.
Achaeans of Pthiotis, 86.

ACHAIA, general description, 44; He-
rodotus's account, ib.; topography,
ib.

Achelous, river, 84.

Achaemenidae, 270.

Acheron, river, 88.
Achilleium, 227.

Achilles, course of, 151.
Acraephia, 69.

Acropolis at Athens, 63; contained the
sanctuary of Aglaurus, ancient wood-
en hedge and Pelasgic wall, ib.; tem-
ple of Erectheus, the Serpent, the
salt Spring, the sacred Olive, trophies
in the Propylaea, 64.
Acrothoon, 118.
Acte Trachea, 127.
Adramyttium, 227.

Adrastus, shrine of, 43.
Adriatic Sea, 25.

Adyrmachidae, who followed Aegyp-
tian customs, but were otherwise
filthy and slavish, 544.
Aeacus, temple of, at Athens, 62.
Aega, 118.

Aegae, 44.

Aegaeae, 216.

Aegaleos, Mount, 66.
Aegean, isles of, 97.

Aegialeis, or "coast men," 44.
Aegialeis, Pelasgian, 219.
Aegidae, 53.

Aegilia, 108.

Aegira, 44.

Aegina, island of, 110.

Aegiroessa, 216.

Aegium, town of, 45.

Aeglae, probably the Ghiljies, 296.
Aegospotami, 132.

AEGYPT, general description of, 350;
Herodotus's account, 351; situation
and boundaries of the country, ib. ;
supposed to be a gift of the Nile,
352; Lower Aegypt said by the
priests to have been anciently a bay,
corresponding to the Arabian Gulf,
ib.; three facts in favour of the hy-
pothesis, ib.; Ionian theory, 354;
theory of Herodotus, 355; voyage
of Herodotus up the Nile, by Helio-
polis and Thebes to Elephantine on
the southern frontier of Aegypt, ib.
Aegypt, north of Heliopolis, (i. e. the
Delta,) a broad flat, 356.

Aegypt, south of Heliopolis, a narrow
valley between the Arabian and Li-
byan mountains, 356; extent of the
voyage, ib.; error in Herodotus's
calculation of the number of stadia,
ib.; Herodotus's personal know-
ledge bounded on the south by Ele-
phantine, 357; divisions of Aegypt
not distinctly laid down by Herodo-
tus, 364; supposed by him to have
included Lower Aegypt, or the Delta,
and Upper Aegypt, or Heptanomis
and Thebais, 365; geology of Aegypt,
397, note; population of, 489; ani-
mals of, considered sacred, 502;
cats, 503; dogs, 504; ichneumons,
ib.; field-mice, ib.; hawks, 505;
bears, ib.; the ibis, ib.; bulls, 506;
cows, ib.; crocodiles, 508; tro-
chilus, 509; hippopotamus, 510;
otters, ib.; lepidotus, ib.; eel, ib.;
fox-goose, ib.; phoenix, 511; horn-
ed serpents, 512; fish, strange ac-
count of their generation, ib.; mus-
quitoes, ib.

Aegypt, Lower, general description of,
367; topography of, 371; nomes of,
383.

Aegypt, Upper, description of, 386.
Aegyptian mythology, its effect upon
Herodotus, 438; his initiation in the
mysteries, ib.; his religious reserve,

ib.; traces the deities of Greece to
an Aegyptian origin, ib.; effect pro-
duced on the modern student, ib.;
religious conceptions of the Aegyp-
tians themselves, dependent upon
the spiritual and mental state of the
worshipper, 439; modern ideas of
Aegyptian deities dependent upon
the student's own state of religious
culture, ib.; identification of Ae-
gyptian conceptions with revealed
truths, contradicted by the idolatry
and conduct of the people, ib.; va-
luable character of Herodotus's in-
formation, 440; Aegyptians the most
pious of mankind, and the first who
instituted the forms and ceremonies
of religious worship, 441; astrology,
ib.; prodigies, ib.; omens, ib.; di-
vination, ib.; oracles held in the
highest veneration, 442; Aegyptian
deities divided by Herodotus into
three classes, viz. the eight great gods,
the twelve gods, and the gods sprung
from the twelve, ib.; no heroes wor-
shipped, ib.; chronology of the gods,
ib.; explanation of the triple divi-
sion, 413; primeval belief in one
great God, ib.; 1st Class of gods-
deified attributes, ib.; 2nd Class
lower emanations, ib.; 3rd Class
physical objects, abstract ideas, etc.,
ib.; identification of the eight prim-
ary gods with Egyptian deities, 444;
confusion between the second and
third class deities, 453; miscellane-
ous divinities mentioned by Herodo-
tus, 454; Osiris, Isis, Horus, and
the calf Apis, 461.
Aegyptian architecture, its religious
character contrasted with the aes-
thetic architecture of Greece, ib.;
plan of an Aegyptian temple, 368;
approached by an avenue of sphinxes,
ib.; colossi and obelisks before the
grand entrance, ib. ; interior, con-
sisting of an open court, a portico,
an hypostile hall, and a holy recess,
ib.; frequent multiplication of the
entrances, courts, porticoes, and
halls, both in front and on each side
of the holy recess, ib.; names and
descriptions of the several parts, 369;
the sacred enclosure, or ieron, 370;
the avenue, or dromos, ib.; the en-
trance, or propylaea, ib.; the open
court behind the propylaea, ib.; the
portico, or pronaos, ib.; the second
pronaos, or hypostile hall, ib.; the
proper temple, or naos, 371; cham-
bers, galleries, and passages, for the
use of the priests, ib.

Aegyptian castes, 481; two castes
omitted by Diodorus, ib.; seven

castes in India, according to Megas-
thenes, ib.; the seven Aegyptian
castes, according to Herodotus, 482;
the Priests or piromis, ib.; the Sol-
diers, 483; the Herdsmen, 485; the
Swineherds,486; the Traders, ib. ; the
Interpreters, ib.; the Steersmen, 487.
Aegyptians, manners and customs of,

480; physical characteristics of,
487; Herodotus's memoranda of
the contrasts between their customs
and those of other nations, 489;
their food, 492; carried round the
image of a corpse at drinking parties,
494; preserved an ancient dirge
called Maneros, ib. ; manner of
mourning, 495; embalming, 496;
art of medicine, 498; geometry, 499;
their modes of writing, ib.; ship-
building, 501; feticism, 502; main-
tenance of animals, 503; established
mode of sacrifice, 507.
Aenea, 119.
Aenira, 107.
Aenus, 126, 128.
Aeolians, to be considered as Pelas-
gians, 33; their eleven cities on the
continent, and seven on the islands,
216; inhabited Ilium, 228.
Aeolidae, 80.

Aeschrionian tribe of Samians occupy-
ing the city Oasis, 560.
Aeschylus, his geographical know-
ledge, 8.

AETHIOPIA, Asiatic, its inhabitants con-
trasted with the Aethiopians of Li-
bya, 299; strange head-dress, ib.;
country identified with Gedrosia, or
Beloochistan, ib.

Aethiopia, general description of, 515;
Aethiopia of Herodotus, its wide
signification, 521; his description of
the land and people, ib. ; Arab races
in Aethiopia, 522; three Aethiopian
nations mentioned by Herodotus,
viz. Aethiopians above Aegypt. ib.;
Automoli, 524; Macrobians, 526.
Aethiopians above Aegypt, 522; wor-
ship of Dionysus, and sacred city of
Nysa, ib.; nomades, ib.; Ichthy-
ophagi, 523; Troglodytae, ib.; con-
quests of Cambyses, ib. ; costume
and equipment of the Aethiopians in
the army of Xerxes, ib. ; city of Me-
roe, 524; worship of Zeus and Dio-
nysus, ib.

AETOLIA, Scattered notices of, 84.
Aetolians of Elis, 45.
AFRICA, imperfect state of its geography,
335; considered by Herodotus to be
surrounded by water, excepting at
the Isthmus of Suez, ib.; story of
its circumnavigation by Phoenicians,
ib.; voyage of Sataspes, ib.; possi-

bility of circumnavigating Africa,
subsequently denied by Plato, Epho-
rus, Polybius, Strabo, and Ptolemy,
336; difficulty in deciding the ques-
tion, 337; Herodotus's account of
the voyage, ib.; examination into its
possibility, ib.; nature of the ships,
ib.; character of the voyage, 338;
extent of coast to be traversed, ib.;
mean rate of sailing, ib.; aggregate
length of the voyage, ib.; descrip-
tion of the supposed circumnaviga-
tion by the light of modern geogra-
phy, 339; story of the Phoenicians
obtaining supplies on their voyage by
sowing corn and waiting for the har-
vest, not incredible, 343; examina-
tion into the credibility to be at-
tached to Herodotus's relation, 344;
story of having the sun on the right
hand, no evidence of its truth, ib.;
failure of Sataspes, no evidence of
its falsehood, ib.; enterprising cha-
racter of Neco, 345; reasons for be-
lieving in the circumnavigation, ib.;
Herodotus's general knowledge of
the African continent, 346; extreme
heat of the climate, ib.; difficulty in
discovering Herodotus's boundary
line between Asia and Africa, 347;
confusion between the country of
Libya and the continent of Libya,
ib.; division of the Libyan continent
into three tracts, viz. Aegypt, Aethi-
opia, and Libya Proper, 348.
also LIBYA.

See

Agathyrsi, occupying Transylvania,

179.

Agbatana. See ECBATANA.

corselet in the Heraeum at Samos,
102; his tomb at Sais, 375; dedi-
cated colossus at Memphis, 389; sent
statue of Athene to Cyrene,540.
Amathus, 96.
Ambraciots, 88.

Ammenemes III., discovery of his
name in the pyramid of Howara, 426.
Ammonians, who possessed a temple to
Zeus, the ram-headed god of Thebes,
and a hot spring sacred to Helios,
559; neighbouring city of Oasis,
560.

Ammonium identified with Siwah, 564.
Ampe, 264.

Ampelus, Cape, 118.

Amphiaraus, temple of, 68; oracle, ib. ;
gifts of Croesus, 69.
Amphicaea, 79.

Amphictyons, seats of, at Thermo-
pylae, 82.
Amphissa, 81.

Amun, the divine intellect, Aegyptian
representation of, 444. See ZEUS.
Amyrgian Sacae, 293.
Anactorium, 84.
Anagyrus, 65.
Anaphlystus, 65.
Anana, 237.

Anaxagoras, taught that the overflow
of the Nile was occasioned by melted
snows, 359.

Anaximander, his map of the earth, 8.
Anchimolius, tomb of, 65.
Androcrates, precinct of, 71.

Androphagi, occupying Smolensk, 180.
Andros, island of, 98.

Angareion, 275.

Angites, river, 130.

Aglaurus, sanctuary of, 63.

Agora, town of, 128.

Agrianes, 130.

Agrianes, river, 126.

Agrigentum, 94.

Agylla, 177.

Angrus, river, 136.

Anopaea, pass of, 83.

Antandrus, 227.

Anthela, 81.

Anthemus, 121.

Anthylla, 378.