four rivers, viz. the Tigris, Zabatus Major, Zabatus Minor, and the Gyn- des, ib.; commerce with Babylon, 283; peculiar merchant-boats, ib.; extent of the Armenia of Herodotus, 284.
Arpoxais, 159. Artace, 228. Artaeans, 270.
Artanes, river, 132.
Artemis, sanctuary of, at Delos, 97; at Samos, 103.
Artemis, the Aegyptian, temple of, at Buto, 376; identified with Pasht, or Bubastis, 451.
Artemis, altar of, in Byzantium, 126. Artemisium, beach of, 109. Artimpasa, 162. Artiscus, river, 126.
Asbystae, who drove four-horse cha- riots, 546.
Ascalon, its temple of Aphrodite, or Astarte, 248.
ASIA, general survey of, 195; two great mountain ranges of Asia, the Altai, ib.; the Taurus, or plateau of Iran, 196; rivers of Asia, ib.; separation of the continent into three divisions, 197; extent of the Asia of Herodo- tus, ib.; discoveries of Scylax of Caryanda, 198; Herodotus's own map of Asia, 199; the four central nations, ib.; the two western Actae, viz. Asia Minor; Syria and Libya, 200; ancient division of Asia between the Lydians, Babylonians, and Medes, 201; establishment of the Persian empire of Cyrus, 202; division into twenty satrapies by Darius Hystas- pes, ib.; extent of Herodotus's tra- vels in Asia, 203; his general ac- quaintance with Phoenicia and Asia Minor, ib.; visit to Babylon, ib. ; travels along the great highway be- tween Sardis and Susa, ib.; visit to Ecbatana very doubtful, ib.; exam- ination of the list of twenty satrapies, 204; reasons for including distant tribes in the same satrapy, ib.; ge- neral want of geographical order arising from Herodotus's ignorance of the more distant satrapies, 205; catalogue of nations in the army and navy of Xerxes, 208; topography of the languages of Asia, 209; lan- guages of Asia Minor, from the Aegean to the Halys, 210; Semitic dialects between the Halys and Ti- gris, ib.; Persian dialects between the Tigris and Indus, 211. Asia, Persian geography of, as exhibit- ed in the catalogue of nations in the army of Xerxes, 322.
different political divisions, ib.; na- tural separation into an eastern and western division by the river Halys, 214; divided into four satrapies by Darius Hystaspes, viz. Aeolis, Ionia, Doris, Caria, Lycia, and Pamphylia, 216; Mysia and Lydia, 226; Hel- lespont, Phrygia, Bithynia, Paphla- gonia, and Cappadocia, 235; Cilicia, 240.
Asia, Upper, or plateau of Iran, 243; traversed east and south by two ranges, ib.; Zagros, or mountains of Kurdistan, 244; Elburz and Ghur mountains, ib.; countries watered by the Euphrates and Tigris, ib.; Assy- ria, ib.; Babylonia, ib.; Mesopota- mia, ib.; Syria, ib.; Media, 245; Cissia and Persis, ib.; three satra- pies known to Herodotus, viz. Syria Proper, or Phoenicia and Palaestine, ib.; Assyria, or Babylonia, and Me- sopotamia, answering to Irak Arabi, and Algezirah, 251; Cissia and Per- sis, answering to Khuzistan and Far- sistan, 267.
Asia, Independent, viz. Southern India,
306; Colchis, 312; Arabia, 314. Asia, unexplored, a region bounded on the west by the frontiers of Asia Minor; north, by the Phasis, the Caspian, and the Jaxartes; east, by the Indus; south, by Syria, Assyria, Cissia, Persis, and the Erythraean, 278; divided into twelve satrapies, viz. Euxine tribes, 279; Armenia, 281; Matiene and the Saspeires, 284; Media, 285; south Caspian tribes, 289; Parthia, Chorasmia, Sogdia, and Aria, 290; east Caspian tribes, 293; Bactria, 295; Gandara, 296; Carmania, 297; Asiatic Aethiopia, 298; Northern India, 299. Asine, town of, 48. Asmak, 524.
Asopus, river of, 70, 81. Assa, 118.
Asses without horns, and that never drank, 542. Assessus, 223.
ASSYRIA, 244; comprehended, accord- ing to Herodotus, Babylonia and Me- sopotamia, and thus answered to Irak Arabi and Algezirah, 251; inha- bitants called Syrians by the Greeks, and Assyrians by the Barbarians, 252; great importance of this satrapy, ib. ; want of rain supplied by the Euphra- tes, ib.; numerous canals, 253; ex- traordinary growth of corn, ib.; palm trees, ib. See also BABYLON. Astarte. See APHRODITE. Astrabacus, shrine of, 53.
Asia Minor, physical geography of, 213; Asychis, built eastern propylaea of the
temple of Hephaestus, 389; brick pyramid of, 414; probably the same as the northern pyramid of Dashoor, 415.
Atarantes, who had no names, and cursed the sun, 561; their station perhaps to be identified with Te- gerry, 568.
Atarbechis, 383, 459, 507. Atarneus, 227.
Athene Alea, temple of, 38.
Athene Crathia, temple of, 178. Athene Poliuchus, temple of, 105.
Athene Pronaea, temple of, at Delphi,
Athene Sciras, temple of, 109. Athene, worshipped by the Libyans, 543, 551.
Athene, the Aegyptian, temple of at Sais, 374; splendid propylaea built by Amasis, ib.; huge rock chamber, ib.; tombs of the Saite kings, Apries, Amasis, etc., 375; Athene identified with Neith, 452.
Athens, Herodotus's description of, 61; four ancient divisions of the Athe- nians, 62; re-classification into ten tribes, ib.; each tribe formed ten demi, ib.; three factions, ib.; pub- lic buildings, etc., ib. See also AT-
Athor, identified with Aphrodite, 459; confounded with Isis, ib. Athos, Mount, description of, 116; ca- nal of Xerxes, ib. Athribites, 383. Athrys, river, 132.
Atlantes, who ate no meat and dream-
ed no dreams, 561; their position unknown, 569.
Atlantic Sea, 19; general course of the currents of, 341.
Atlas, Mount, description of, 561; confusion respecting, 569. Atlas, river, 132.
Atropatene, 286. See MEDIA. ATTICA, general description of, 57; ancient history, 58; Herodotus's account, 59; Ionians enter Attica, 60; Ionian migration, ib.; Atheni- ans regarded as Ionian Pelasgians, ib.; manners, customs, etc., 61; Herodotus's description of Attica, ib.; topography, 65. See also
Auses, who lived on the left bank of the river Triton, 551; worshipped a native goddess corresponding to the Athene of the Greeks, ib.; lived apart from their women, whom they had in common, 552. Automoli, country of, 518; situated within the triangle of Sennaar, form- ed by the White and Blue Niles, 520; consisted of 240,000 desert- ers from the Aegyptian warrior caste, 524; question as to whether settled on the White or the Blue Nile, ib.
Autonous, precinct of, 79. Axius, river, 114, 119. Axus, 96. Azanes, 39. Azerbijan, 286. Aziris, 537.
BABYLON, the only city of Assyria de- scribed by Herodotus, 254; site of the ruins of Babylon near Hillah, ib.; three mounds on the eastern bank of the Euphrates, ib.; Muje- libe, or the overturned," errone- ously supposed by Rennell to be the temple of Belus, 255; El Kasr, or "the palace," ib.; Amram hill, 256; remains of ancient ramparts, ib.; river embankment, 256; western bank of the Euphrates, 257; small scattered mounds, ib. ; Birs Nimroud, the tower of Babel and temple of Belus, 258; its extreme antiquity, ib.; Herodotus's description of Ba- bylon, 259; towers on the wall, 260; one hundred brass gates, ib.; the city cut in two by the Euphrates, ib. ; walls, ib.; royal palace, ib.; tem- ple of Belus, ib.; statements of the Chaldean priests, 261; bridge over the Euphrates, 262; sepulchre of Nitocris, ib. ; names of the city gates, ib.; destruction of the fortifications by Darius, 263; dress of the Baby- lonians, 264; manners and customs, ib.; annual sale of maidens, ib.; no physicians, 265; embalming, ib.; funeral lamentations like those of the Aegyptians, ib.; burning of incense after sexual intercourse, ib.; dis- graceful practices connected with the worship of Aphrodite, ib.; three tribes of Babylonian Ichthyophagi, 266; Chaldeans, ib.; Babylonian sun-dial, ib.; gnomon, 267; talent, ib.
Babylonia, 244. See ASSYRIA. Babylonian empire, ancient extent of, 201.
Bactria, general description, 295; iden- tified with Balkh between the Hin-
Busiris, city of, 374; temple of Isis, ib. Busirites, 383.
Buto, city of, 376; temple of Apollo and Artemis, ib.; temple and oracle of Leto, ib.; floating island of Chem- mis, with temple of Apollo, 377. Buto, near Arabia, neighbouring defile containing the bones of winged ser- pents, 317; distinct from the other Buto, 378.
Buto, the Aegyptian goddess, identified by Herodotus with Leto, 450; her temple and oracle, ib.
Byblus, the stalk eaten by the marsh- men of the Delta, 493.
Birs Nimroud, the tower of Babel and Byzantium, 125.
temple of Belus, 258.
Bisaltia, 131.
Bisanthe, 132.
Bistones, 129.
Bithynian Thracians, 238.
Blessed, Island of the, 560.
Boebeis, Lake, 85.
BOEOTIA, general description of, 67;
Herodotus's account, 68; topogra- phy, ib.
Bolbotine mouth of the Nile, 363.
Borean winds, 12.
Boreas, temple of, at Athens, 62. Bornou, river of, 521.
Borysthenes, river, 145; identified with the Dnieper, 147.
Bosphorus, bridged by Darius, 125; Cimmerian, 157.
Bottiaeis in Macedonia, 114.
Brahmins, their division of the earth, 361, note.
Branchidae, sanctuary of, 223. Brauron, 65.
Briantica, anciently Galaica, 128. Brongus, river, 136.
Bryges, 132, 236. Bubalies, 542.
Bubassus, peninsula of, 224. Bubastis, city of, 371; its magnificent temple of Bubastis, or Artemis, ib.; entirely surrounded by water, ex- cepting at the entrance, 372; ancient settlement of the Ionians and Cari- ans, 373; modern site of Bubastis indicated by the mounds of Tel Basta, ib.
Bubastis, or Pasht, identified with Ar-
themselves to be autochthones, ib.; united with the Lydians and Mysians in the worship of the Carian Zeus, ib.; topography of the interior, ib.; topography of the coast, 223. Carian settlement near Bubastis, 373. Carina, 227.
Carmania, including Sagartii, Saran- gees, Thamanaei, Utii, and Mici, 297.
Carpathus, island of, 96. Carpis, river, 176.
CARTHAGE, situated on a peninsula at the bottom of the Gulf of Tunis, 552; boundaries of the Carthaginian em- pire, 553; jealousy of the people an effectual bar to the progress of geo- graphical science, ib.; Herodotus's ignorance of Carthage, ib. Caryanda, 223.
Carystus, 109.
Casius, Mount, 378.
Casmene, 92. Caspatyrus, 198.
Caspian Gates, 291.
CASPIAN, East, PROVINCES, Comprising Sacae and Caspii, 293; costume, ib.; Amyrgian Sacae, a Scythian tribe, conquered by Persia, ib.; situ- ated between the Oxus and Jaxartes, ib.; Caspii north of the ancient mouth of the Oxus, 294. CASPIAN, South, PROVINCES, compris- ing Caspii, Pausicae, Pantimathi, and Dareitae, 289; costume of the Caspii, identification of this satrapy with Ghilan, Mazanderan, and As- trabad, ib.
Ceraunian mountains, 27. Cercasorus, 364. Cercopes, 83.
Chalcidice, peninsula of, 114. Chalcis, 108. Chaldaeans, 266. Chalestra, 119. Chalybes, 229, 280. Charadra, 79.
Charites, hill of. See GRACES. Chemmis, floating island of, 376, 435. Cheops, his causeway, 391; explana- tion of Herodotus's description, 392; traces still existing, ib.
Cheops, great pyramid of, 393; He- rodotus's description, ib. ; time and labour employed, ib.; dimensions, ib. ; mode of construction, ib.; ascent by steps, or altars, 394; machines con- structed of short pieces of wood, ib.; summit first completed, ib.; burial vault of Cheops surrounded by a channel conducted from the Nile, ib. ; inscription declaring the sums ex- pended upon provisions for the work- men, ib.; comparison of the account of Herodotus with modern investi- gations, ib.; ancient and modern measurements, 395; three kinds of material employed, 396; character of the mechanical agencies employed, 397; internal blocks not so large as Herodotus describes, ib.; holes for the insertion of the machines still visible, 398; exterior coating of cas- ing-stones of limestone or granite, ib.; Mr. Perring's observations on the mode of construction, 399; inte- rior of the Great Pyramid, ib.; slop- ing passage descending towards the centre, ib.; description of the Sub- terranean Chamber, 400; burial vault of Cheops not to be found, 401; Queen's Chamber, 402; King's Cham- ber, containing an empty sarcopha- gus, 403; inscription mentioned by Herodotus not to be found, 404. Cheops, daughter of, her small pyra- mid, 414.
Chephren, pyramid of, 404; Herodo- tus's description, ib.; site and pre- sent dimensions, ib.; Herodotus's statement that there were no sub- terranean chambers in it, confuted by the investigations of Belzoni, 405; sepulchral room called Belzoni's Chamber, 406; Lower Chamber, 407; Aethiopian stone found to be granite, 408; upper casing form- ed of limestone, ib.; Mr. Perring's view of the construction of the in- terior, ib. Chersonesus, inhabited by the Thracian Dolonci, 127; topography, ib.
Cimmerians, their ancient occupation of Scythia, 154; sepulchre of the Cimmerian kings, 155; Scythian pursuit of the Cimmerians, ib.; Cim- merians in Asia Minor, ib.; proofs of the ancient occupation of Scythia by the Cimmerians, 157; district of Cimmeria, ib.; Cimmerian Fort and Ferry, ib.; Cimmerian Bosphorus, ib.
Cimon, sepulchre of, 62.
Cinyps, river, 548.
Critalla, 240. Crobyzi, 123.
Crocodiles, Herodotus's description of, 508; caught by means of a hook baited with pork, 510. Crocodilopolis, 423, 433. Croesus, his gifts at Amphiaraus, 69; at Delphi, 77. Crossaea, 118. Crophi, 361, 435. Croton, 177. Curium, 96.
Cush, the Aethiopia of Herodotus, 521. Cyanean isles, 126.
Cybele, national goddess of the Lydians, 229.
Cyclades, islands of, 97. Cydonia in Crete, 95. Cydrara, 237.
Cissia, 245; answering to Khuzistan, Cyme, also called Phriconis, 216.
Cynosura, a promontory of Salamis, 109.
Cyprus, island of, 96; key of, 97. Cyraunis, island of, now called Kar- kenah and Gherba, 556; lake from which gold-dust was obtained by dip- ping in feathers smeared with pitch, ib. CYRENE, general description of, 536;
Herodotus's account of the coloniza- tion of, 537; Theraeans under Co- robius reach the Libyan Platea, ib.; pass over to the continent, and settle in Aziris, ib. ; remove to Cyrene, ib.; increase in numbers, 538; divided into three tribes by Demonax, ib. lands and the office of priesthood as- signed to the king, 539; connexion between the Cyrenaeans, Libyans, and Aegyptians, ib.; three harvests of Cyrene, ib.; the Cyrenaean lotus, 540; topographical notices, ib. Cyrnus, island of, 91.
Cyrus, river, 280.
Cythera, island of, 40, 94.
Cythnos, island of, 99.
Cyzicus, island of, 228.
« PreviousContinue » |