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four rivers, viz. the Tigris, Zabatus
Major, Zabatus Minor, and the Gyn-
des, ib.; commerce with Babylon,
283; peculiar merchant-boats, ib.;
extent of the Armenia of Herodotus,
284.

Arpoxais, 159.
Artace, 228.
Artaeans, 270.

Artanes, river, 132.

Artemis, sanctuary of, at Delos, 97;
at Samos, 103.

Artemis, the Aegyptian, temple of, at
Buto, 376; identified with Pasht, or
Bubastis, 451.

Artemis, altar of, in Byzantium, 126.
Artemisium, beach of, 109.
Artimpasa, 162.
Artiscus, river, 126.

Asbystae, who drove four-horse cha-
riots, 546.

Ascalon, its temple of Aphrodite, or
Astarte, 248.

ASIA, general survey of, 195; two great
mountain ranges of Asia, the Altai,
ib.; the Taurus, or plateau of Iran,
196; rivers of Asia, ib.; separation
of the continent into three divisions,
197; extent of the Asia of Herodo-
tus, ib.; discoveries of Scylax of
Caryanda, 198; Herodotus's own
map of Asia, 199; the four central
nations, ib.; the two western Actae,
viz. Asia Minor; Syria and Libya,
200; ancient division of Asia between
the Lydians, Babylonians, and Medes,
201; establishment of the Persian
empire of Cyrus, 202; division into
twenty satrapies by Darius Hystas-
pes, ib.; extent of Herodotus's tra-
vels in Asia, 203; his general ac-
quaintance with Phoenicia and Asia
Minor, ib.; visit to Babylon, ib. ;
travels along the great highway be-
tween Sardis and Susa, ib.; visit to
Ecbatana very doubtful, ib.; exam-
ination of the list of twenty satrapies,
204; reasons for including distant
tribes in the same satrapy, ib.; ge-
neral want of geographical order
arising from Herodotus's ignorance
of the more distant satrapies, 205;
catalogue of nations in the army and
navy of Xerxes, 208; topography of
the languages of Asia, 209; lan-
guages of Asia Minor, from the
Aegean to the Halys, 210; Semitic
dialects between the Halys and Ti-
gris, ib.; Persian dialects between
the Tigris and Indus, 211.
Asia, Persian geography of, as exhibit-
ed in the catalogue of nations in the
army of Xerxes, 322.

different political divisions, ib.; na-
tural separation into an eastern and
western division by the river Halys,
214; divided into four satrapies by
Darius Hystaspes, viz. Aeolis, Ionia,
Doris, Caria, Lycia, and Pamphylia,
216; Mysia and Lydia, 226; Hel-
lespont, Phrygia, Bithynia, Paphla-
gonia, and Cappadocia, 235; Cilicia,
240.

Asia, Upper, or plateau of Iran, 243;
traversed east and south by two
ranges, ib.; Zagros, or mountains of
Kurdistan, 244; Elburz and Ghur
mountains, ib.; countries watered by
the Euphrates and Tigris, ib.; Assy-
ria, ib.; Babylonia, ib.; Mesopota-
mia, ib.; Syria, ib.; Media, 245;
Cissia and Persis, ib.; three satra-
pies known to Herodotus, viz. Syria
Proper, or Phoenicia and Palaestine,
ib.; Assyria, or Babylonia, and Me-
sopotamia, answering to Irak Arabi,
and Algezirah, 251; Cissia and Per-
sis, answering to Khuzistan and Far-
sistan, 267.

Asia, Independent, viz. Southern India,

306; Colchis, 312; Arabia, 314.
Asia, unexplored, a region bounded on
the west by the frontiers of Asia
Minor; north, by the Phasis, the
Caspian, and the Jaxartes; east, by
the Indus; south, by Syria, Assyria,
Cissia, Persis, and the Erythraean,
278; divided into twelve satrapies,
viz. Euxine tribes, 279; Armenia,
281; Matiene and the Saspeires, 284;
Media, 285; south Caspian tribes,
289; Parthia, Chorasmia, Sogdia,
and Aria, 290; east Caspian tribes,
293; Bactria, 295; Gandara, 296;
Carmania, 297; Asiatic Aethiopia,
298; Northern India, 299.
Asine, town of, 48.
Asmak, 524.

Asopus, river of, 70, 81.
Assa, 118.

Asses without horns, and that never
drank, 542.
Assessus, 223.

ASSYRIA, 244; comprehended, accord-
ing to Herodotus, Babylonia and Me-
sopotamia, and thus answered to Irak
Arabi and Algezirah, 251; inha-
bitants called Syrians by the Greeks,
and Assyrians by the Barbarians, 252;
great importance of this satrapy, ib. ;
want of rain supplied by the Euphra-
tes, ib.; numerous canals, 253; ex-
traordinary growth of corn, ib.; palm
trees, ib. See also BABYLON.
Astarte. See APHRODITE.
Astrabacus, shrine of, 53.

Asia Minor, physical geography of, 213; Asychis, built eastern propylaea of the

temple of Hephaestus, 389; brick
pyramid of, 414; probably the same
as the northern pyramid of Dashoor,
415.

Atarantes, who had no names, and
cursed the sun, 561; their station
perhaps to be identified with Te-
gerry, 568.

Atarbechis, 383, 459, 507.
Atarneus, 227.

Athene Alea, temple of, 38.

Athene Crathia, temple of, 178.
Athene Poliuchus, temple of, 105.

Athene Pronaea, temple of, at Delphi,

75.

Athene Sciras, temple of, 109.
Athene, worshipped by the Libyans,
543, 551.

Athene, the Aegyptian, temple of at
Sais, 374; splendid propylaea built
by Amasis, ib.; huge rock chamber,
ib.; tombs of the Saite kings, Apries,
Amasis, etc., 375; Athene identified
with Neith, 452.

Athens, Herodotus's description of, 61;
four ancient divisions of the Athe-
nians, 62; re-classification into ten
tribes, ib.; each tribe formed ten
demi, ib.; three factions, ib.; pub-
lic buildings, etc., ib. See also AT-

TICA.

Athor, identified with Aphrodite, 459;
confounded with Isis, ib.
Athos, Mount, description of, 116; ca-
nal of Xerxes, ib.
Athribites, 383.
Athrys, river, 132.

Atlantes, who ate no meat and dream-

ed no dreams, 561; their position
unknown, 569.

Atlantic Sea, 19; general course of the
currents of, 341.

Atlas, Mount, description of, 561;
confusion respecting, 569.
Atlas, river, 132.

Atropatene, 286. See MEDIA.
ATTICA, general description of, 57;
ancient history, 58; Herodotus's
account, 59; Ionians enter Attica,
60; Ionian migration, ib.; Atheni-
ans regarded as Ionian Pelasgians,
ib.; manners, customs, etc., 61;
Herodotus's description of Attica,
ib.; topography, 65. See also

ATHENS.

Auchatae, 160.

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Auses, who lived on the left bank of
the river Triton, 551; worshipped a
native goddess corresponding to the
Athene of the Greeks, ib.; lived
apart from their women, whom they
had in common, 552.
Automoli, country of, 518; situated
within the triangle of Sennaar, form-
ed by the White and Blue Niles,
520; consisted of 240,000 desert-
ers from the Aegyptian warrior
caste, 524; question as to whether
settled on the White or the Blue
Nile, ib.

Autonous, precinct of, 79.
Axius, river, 114, 119.
Axus, 96.
Azanes, 39.
Azerbijan, 286.
Aziris, 537.

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BABYLON, the only city of Assyria de-
scribed by Herodotus, 254; site of
the ruins of Babylon near Hillah,
ib.; three mounds on the eastern
bank of the Euphrates, ib.; Muje-
libe, or the overturned," errone-
ously supposed by Rennell to be the
temple of Belus, 255; El Kasr, or
"the palace," ib.; Amram hill, 256;
remains of ancient ramparts, ib.;
river embankment, 256; western
bank of the Euphrates, 257; small
scattered mounds, ib. ; Birs Nimroud,
the tower of Babel and temple of
Belus, 258; its extreme antiquity,
ib.; Herodotus's description of Ba-
bylon, 259; towers on the wall, 260;
one hundred brass gates, ib.; the
city cut in two by the Euphrates, ib. ;
walls, ib.; royal palace, ib.; tem-
ple of Belus, ib.; statements of the
Chaldean priests, 261; bridge over
the Euphrates, 262; sepulchre of
Nitocris, ib. ; names of the city gates,
ib.; destruction of the fortifications
by Darius, 263; dress of the Baby-
lonians, 264; manners and customs,
ib.; annual sale of maidens, ib.; no
physicians, 265; embalming, ib.;
funeral lamentations like those of the
Aegyptians, ib.; burning of incense
after sexual intercourse, ib.; dis-
graceful practices connected with the
worship of Aphrodite, ib.; three
tribes of Babylonian Ichthyophagi,
266; Chaldeans, ib.; Babylonian
sun-dial, ib.; gnomon, 267; talent,
ib.

Babylonia, 244. See ASSYRIA.
Babylonian empire, ancient extent of,
201.

Bactria, general description, 295; iden-
tified with Balkh between the Hin-

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Busae, 289.

Busiris, city of, 374; temple of Isis, ib.
Busirites, 383.

Buto, city of, 376; temple of Apollo
and Artemis, ib.; temple and oracle
of Leto, ib.; floating island of Chem-
mis, with temple of Apollo, 377.
Buto, near Arabia, neighbouring defile
containing the bones of winged ser-
pents, 317; distinct from the other
Buto, 378.

Buto, the Aegyptian goddess, identified
by Herodotus with Leto, 450; her
temple and oracle, ib.

Byblus, the stalk eaten by the marsh-
men of the Delta, 493.

Birs Nimroud, the tower of Babel and Byzantium, 125.

temple of Belus, 258.

Bisaltia, 131.

Bisanthe, 132.

Bistones, 129.

Bistonis, Lake, 129.

Bithynian Thracians, 238.

Blessed, Island of the, 560.

Boebeis, Lake, 85.

BOEOTIA, general description of, 67;

Herodotus's account, 68; topogra-
phy, ib.

Bokhara, 291.

Bolbotine mouth of the Nile, 363.

Borean winds, 12.

Boreas, temple of, at Athens, 62.
Bornou, river of, 521.

Boryes, 542.

Borysthenes, river, 145; identified with
the Dnieper, 147.

Bosphorus, bridged by Darius, 125;
Cimmerian, 157.

Bottiaeis in Macedonia, 114.

Brahmins, their division of the earth,
361, note.

Branchidae, sanctuary of, 223.
Brauron, 65.

Briantica, anciently Galaica, 128.
Brongus, river, 136.

Brundusium, 178.

Bryges, 132, 236.
Bubalies, 542.

Bubassus, peninsula of, 224.
Bubastis, city of, 371; its magnificent
temple of Bubastis, or Artemis, ib.;
entirely surrounded by water, ex-
cepting at the entrance, 372; ancient
settlement of the Ionians and Cari-
ans, 373; modern site of Bubastis
indicated by the mounds of Tel
Basta, ib.

Bubastis, or Pasht, identified with Ar-

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themselves to be autochthones, ib.;
united with the Lydians and Mysians
in the worship of the Carian Zeus,
ib.; topography of the interior, ib.;
topography of the coast, 223.
Carian settlement near Bubastis, 373.
Carina, 227.

Carmania, including Sagartii, Saran-
gees, Thamanaei, Utii, and Mici,
297.

Carpathus, island of, 96.
Carpis, river, 176.

CARTHAGE, situated on a peninsula at
the bottom of the Gulf of Tunis, 552;
boundaries of the Carthaginian em-
pire, 553; jealousy of the people an
effectual bar to the progress of geo-
graphical science, ib.; Herodotus's
ignorance of Carthage, ib.
Caryanda, 223.

Carystus, 109.

Casius, Mount, 378.

Casmene, 92.
Caspatyrus, 198.

Caspian Gates, 291.

CASPIAN, East, PROVINCES, Comprising
Sacae and Caspii, 293; costume,
ib.; Amyrgian Sacae, a Scythian
tribe, conquered by Persia, ib.; situ-
ated between the Oxus and Jaxartes,
ib.; Caspii north of the ancient
mouth of the Oxus, 294.
CASPIAN, South, PROVINCES, compris-
ing Caspii, Pausicae, Pantimathi, and
Dareitae, 289; costume of the Caspii,
identification of this satrapy
with Ghilan, Mazanderan, and As-
trabad, ib.

290;

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Ceraunian mountains, 27.
Cercasorus, 364.
Cercopes, 83.

Chalcidice, peninsula of, 114.
Chalcis, 108.
Chaldaeans, 266.
Chalestra, 119.
Chalybes, 229, 280.
Charadra, 79.

Charites, hill of. See GRACES.
Chemmis, floating island of, 376, 435.
Cheops, his causeway, 391; explana-
tion of Herodotus's description, 392;
traces still existing, ib.

Cheops, great pyramid of, 393; He-
rodotus's description, ib. ; time and
labour employed, ib.; dimensions, ib. ;
mode of construction, ib.; ascent by
steps, or altars, 394; machines con-
structed of short pieces of wood, ib.;
summit first completed, ib.; burial
vault of Cheops surrounded by a
channel conducted from the Nile, ib. ;
inscription declaring the sums ex-
pended upon provisions for the work-
men, ib.; comparison of the account
of Herodotus with modern investi-
gations, ib.; ancient and modern
measurements, 395; three kinds of
material employed, 396; character
of the mechanical agencies employed,
397; internal blocks not so large as
Herodotus describes, ib.; holes for
the insertion of the machines still
visible, 398; exterior coating of cas-
ing-stones of limestone or granite,
ib.; Mr. Perring's observations on
the mode of construction, 399; inte-
rior of the Great Pyramid, ib.; slop-
ing passage descending towards the
centre, ib.; description of the Sub-
terranean Chamber, 400; burial
vault of Cheops not to be found, 401;
Queen's Chamber, 402; King's Cham-
ber, containing an empty sarcopha-
gus, 403; inscription mentioned by
Herodotus not to be found, 404.
Cheops, daughter of, her small pyra-
mid, 414.

Chephren, pyramid of, 404; Herodo-
tus's description, ib.; site and pre-
sent dimensions, ib.; Herodotus's
statement that there were no sub-
terranean chambers in it, confuted
by the investigations of Belzoni, 405;
sepulchral room called Belzoni's
Chamber, 406; Lower Chamber,
407; Aethiopian stone found to
be granite, 408; upper casing form-
ed of limestone, ib.; Mr. Perring's
view of the construction of the in-
terior, ib.
Chersonesus, inhabited by the Thracian
Dolonci, 127; topography, ib.

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Cimmerians, their ancient occupation
of Scythia, 154; sepulchre of the
Cimmerian kings, 155; Scythian
pursuit of the Cimmerians, ib.; Cim-
merians in Asia Minor, ib.; proofs
of the ancient occupation of Scythia
by the Cimmerians, 157; district of
Cimmeria, ib.; Cimmerian Fort and
Ferry, ib.; Cimmerian Bosphorus,
ib.

Cimon, sepulchre of, 62.

Cinyps, river, 548.

Critalla, 240.
Crobyzi, 123.

Crocodiles, Herodotus's description of,
508; caught by means of a hook
baited with pork, 510.
Crocodilopolis, 423, 433.
Croesus, his gifts at Amphiaraus, 69;
at Delphi, 77.
Crossaea, 118.
Crophi, 361, 435.
Croton, 177.
Curium, 96.

Cush, the Aethiopia of Herodotus, 521.
Cyanean isles, 126.

Cybele, national goddess of the Lydians,
229.

Cyclades, islands of, 97.
Cydonia in Crete, 95.
Cydrara, 237.

Cissia, 245; answering to Khuzistan, Cyme, also called Phriconis, 216.

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Cynetae, 174, 175.

Cynosarges, 65.

Cynosura, a promontory of Salamis,
109.

Cynurians, 37.

Cyprus, island of, 96; key of, 97.
Cyraunis, island of, now called Kar-
kenah and Gherba, 556; lake from
which gold-dust was obtained by dip-
ping in feathers smeared with pitch,
ib.
CYRENE, general description of, 536;

;

Herodotus's account of the coloniza-
tion of, 537; Theraeans under Co-
robius reach the Libyan Platea, ib.;
pass over to the continent, and settle
in Aziris, ib. ; remove to Cyrene, ib.;
increase in numbers, 538; divided
into three tribes by Demonax, ib.
lands and the office of priesthood as-
signed to the king, 539; connexion
between the Cyrenaeans, Libyans,
and Aegyptians, ib.; three harvests
of Cyrene, ib.; the Cyrenaean lotus,
540; topographical notices, ib.
Cyrnus, island of, 91.

Cyrus, river, 280.

Cythera, island of, 40, 94.

Cythnos, island of, 99.

Cyzicus, island of, 228.

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