ingly significant, that the aspect of the whole attacks our feelings, and induces judgments as sudden as they are just. Thus, to mention two extremes, all will acknowledge, at the first aspect, the elephant to be the wisest, and the fish the most stupid of creatures.

"To be more particular, the upper part of the countenance, to the root of the nose, is the seat of internal labour, thought, and resolution; the under, of these in action. Animals with very retreating foreheads have little brain, and the reverse.

"Projecting nose and mouth"-(The latter, certainly, not always)—“ betoken persuasion, self-confidence, rashness, shamelessness, want of thought, dishonesty, and all such failings as are assembled in hasty expression." (This is a decision after the manner of the old physiognomists, condemning and indefinite.)

"The nose is the seat of derision; its wrinkles contemn. The upper lip when projecting speaks arrogance, threats, and want of shame the pouting under lip ostentation and folly.

"These signs are confirmed by the manner and attitude of the head, when drawn back, tossed, or turned round. The first expresses contempt, during which the nose is

active; the latter is a proof of extreme arrogance, during which the projection of the under lip is the strongest.

"The in-drawn lower part of the countenance, on the contrary, denotes discretion, modesty, seriousness, diffidence; and its failings are those of malice and obstinacy." -(Not so positive. The projecting chin is much oftener the sign of craft than the retreating. The latter is seldom scheming and enterprising.)

"The straight formation of the nose betokens gravity; when inbent and crooked a noble manner of thinking. The flat, pouting upper lip" (When it does not close well with the under)-" signifies timidity; the lips resembling each other circumspection of speech."

"The face may be divided into two principal kinds. The first is that in which the cheeks present a flat surface, the nose projecting like a hill, and the mouth having the appearance of a sabre-wound, prolonged on an even surface, while the line of the jawbone has but little inflection. Such a form makes the countenance more broad than long, and exceedingly rude, inexpressive, stupid, and in every sense confined. Its principal characteristics are obstinacy

and inflexibility. The second kind is when the nose has a sharp ridge, and the parts on both sides make acute angles with each other. The cheek-bones are not seen, consequently the muscular parts between them and the nose are full and prominent. The lips retreat on each side the mouth, assume or open into an oval, and the jaw-bones come to a point at the chin."-(This face denotes a mind more subtle, active, and intelligent.)

"I must here, the better to explain myself, employ the simile of two ships; the first a merchant vessel, built for deep lading, has a broad bottom, and her ribs long and flat. This resembles the broad, flat, countenance. The frigate, built for swift sailing, has a sharp keel or bottom, her ribs forming acute angles. Such is the second countenance. Of these two extremes, the first presents to me the image of the meanest, most contracted, self-love; the second of the most zealous, the noblest, philanthropy."

"I know that nature delights not in extremes; still the understanding must take its departure from these, as from a light-house, especially when sailing in unknown seas, The defects and excesses which are in all the works of nature will then be disco

vered, and one or both the boundaries ascertained.

On farther examination and application of the above hypothesis, I believe it will extend through all nature. A broad countenance is accompanied by a short neck, broad shoulders, and back, and their known character is selfishness and obtuse sensation. The long, small, countenance has a long neck, small, or low, shoulders, and small back. From such I should expect more justice, disinterestedness, and a general superiority of social feelings.

"The features of man, like his character, are essentially altered by education, situation, intercourse and incidents. Therefore we are justified in maintaining that physiognomy cannot look back to the origin of the features, nor presage the changes of futurity. But from the countenance only, abstracted from all external accidents by which it may be affected, it may read what any given man may be, with the following addition, at most-Such shall be the strength of reason, or such the power of sensualityThis man is too stubborn to be instructed; that so flexible he may be led to good or ill. "We may, in part, from this formation, explain why so many men appear to be born

for certain situations, although they may have rather been placed in them by accident than by choice. Why the prince, the nobleman, the overseer of the poor, have a lordly, a stern, or a pedantic manner; why the subject, the servant, the slave, are pusillanimous and spiritless; or the courtezan, affected, constrained, or insipid. The constant influence of circumstances on the mind far exceeds the influence of nature." -(Far the contrary)-" Although it is certain that innate servility"-(There is no such thing as innate servility. It is true that, under certain circumstances, some are much more disposed than others to become servile)" is very distinct from the servility of one whom misfortune has rendered a servant; like as he whom chance has made a ruler over his brother is very different from one who is, by nature, superior to vulgar souls.

"The unfeeling mind of the slave has vacuity more complete, or if a master, more self-complacency and arrogance, in the open mouth, the projecting lip, and the turnedup nose. The nobler mind rules by the comprehensive aspect, while, in the closed lips, moderation is expressed. He will serve with sullenness, with downcast eyes, and his shut mouth will disdain to complain.