monuments of its former bishops, and for the silver altar and numerous painted-glass windows with which it is adorned. The church of St James of Scotland is built in the pure Byzantine style, and dates from the 12th century. The Rathhaus is adorned with a beautiful Gothic portal. In it the Imperial Diets were formerly held. Underneath the Rathhaus are prisons and chambers of torture, in which the instruments of torture are still preserved. A latticed-room adjoining one of the chambers of torture, occupied by the judges, is shown. The Palace of the Prince of Thurn and Taxis, formerly the Abbey of St Emmeran, and the arsenal are objects of interest. The city contains several monasteries, a synagogue, antiquarian museum and picture gallery, and a royal library. Ratisbon ranks as one of the most ancient cities in Germany, and was built by the Romans, by whom it was named Reginum. It was a place of considerable commercial importance in the early period of Christianity. During the middle ages it was the chief seat of the Indo-Levantine trade, and was one of the wealthiest and most populous cities of Southern Germany. From 1663 to the dissolution of the German Empire in 1806, Ratisbon was, with a very short interregnum, the seat of the German Diet.

THE WALHALLA, or Temple of Fame, is 6 miles from Ratisbon. This magnificent edifice is situated upon a height 300 feet above the Danube. It was built by King Louis in 1830-42, and cost eight millions of florins. It is built after the model of the Parthenon at Athens, and is of the same dimensions, its length being 218 feet, its breadth 102 feet, and its height 60. The material is white marble. An entablature divides the interior into two parts.

It supports 14 caryatides of coloured marble, which in turn support a superior entablature. Along this entablature is a frieze executed by Wagner, representing, in eight compartments, the history of Germany up to the time of the introduction of Christianity. Along the lower walls are busts of illustrious Germans to the number of 100, commencing with that of the Emperor Henry, and ending with that of Goethe. The grounds around the edifice are laid out in walks, and the view from them is exceedingly beautiful.

From Ratisbon to Linz is 143 miles; time, 5 hours; fares, Ratisbon to Passau, 10'60 and 7.45; fares from Passau to Linz, 6.26 and 4.70. From Ratisbon to Vienna is 262 miles; time, express, 10 hours; fares, 48.35 and 36 65.

The first station of importance is Straubing (25 miles), situated on the Danube in the midst of a fertile plain. It has two interesting old churches and a chateau. At the confluence of the Vils and Danube (60 miles) is Vilshofen, and 14 miles farther PASSAU (Hotel: Bayerische Hof), a large town at the junction of the Inn and Danube. Its two old churches, the Cathedral and St Paul's, are worthy notice. Opposite Passau is the fortress of Oberhaus, on an eminence overlooking the Danube.

The railway passes under the parade ground by a long tunnel. Passing several stations of no interest, we reach WELS (126 miles), which is on the line from Munich to Vienna by Salzburg. Next we reach LINZ (143 miles), (Hotel: Erzherzog Karl), for notice of which see Route 157. From Linz to Vienna by rail, 118 miles.

ROUTE 154.

banks of the river are narrower, and the river itself is confined between wooded heights, which vary in height from 600 to 900 feet, and there are many windings in its course. This part of

DANUBE.

(A steamer leaves Passau every day at 3 o'clock in the afternoon. The time to Linz is usually 4 hours.)

MMEDIATELY after quitting Passau, we have a beautiful view, looking back, of the city and its environs. As far as Engelhardszell the right bank of the river is Austrian, and the left bank Bavarian. The first town after leaving is Krempelstein (right bank), with a little castle on a steep rock. Next, on the left, is Obernzell, the last Bavarian station. At Viechtenstein, on the height, we see a large castle. Farther on, at the left, the Yochenstein, which has marked for ages the frontier between Bavaria and Austria. The next station on the right is ENGELHARDSZELL, mentioned above, with an ancient Benedictine convent. Here is the Austrian custom-house. The next station, on the left, is Ranariedl, with an old castle which is still inhabited. On the right is Wesenurfahr, an old town which has a large trade in wines, and farther, on the left, is Marsbach, a castle with an ancient tower. Farther, on the right, we see the ruins of Wesenstein, in the midst of a pine wood. Opposite the tongue of land, round which the steamer turns, is a wooded gorge with a mill, which from 1809 to 1813 marked the frontier. Farther on, on the left, is Hayenbach, a ruined castle. From this point the

picturesque upon the whole course of the Danube. Passing Obermuhl, where a stream coming

out of a wooded ravine falls into

At

the Danube, we reach, on the same side, Neuhaus, with a handsome castle situated on a mountain, surrounded by woods. this point the river leaves the hilly regions and enters the plain. Soon after, on the right, we reach Aschach, a pretty village, and see in the distance the hill called Postlingberg, with its church, near Linz. From this point the Styrian and Austrian Alps are visible on a clear day, and, on the right, Trauenstein, near the Lake of Traun. The next stations are, on the left, Landeshag, on the right, Efferding, once washed by the Danube, now some distance inland. We next pass Ottensheim on the left, and, on the right, Wilhering, with an abbey founded in 1146. We now pass, on the left, the castle of Buchanau, and soon see again Postlingberg, with its church, which we had seen before from near Aschach, above. Passing now, on the right, Mount Calvary, and the Yoegermayr, which is often ascended for its beautiful view, we soon reach LINZ, which is described in Route 157.

ROUTE 155.

MUNICH

TO LINDAU (LAKE OF CONSTANCE.)

138 miles; 1st class, 17.70; 2nd, 11.75; 3rd, 7.55.

EAVING Munich, we pass (14 miles) Bruck, and soon after Grafrath, near which we see, on the left, the Ammersee. At Buchloe (buffet) the line from Augsburg comes in. Near Pforzen, where the Wertach becomes navigable, we obtain a view of the Bavarian Alps. KAUFBEUERN (55 miles). (Hotel: Sonne). A manufacturing town on the Wertach, the valley of which we cross on an embankment upwards of 1310 yards long, and 45 feet high, and over two viaducts. The summits of the Alps are seen in the distant horizon.

KEMPTEN (81 miles). (Hotel: Krone). Situated on the Iller. On the south side rises the Burghalde, an old tower, from the summit of which we have a fine view of the Alps, including the Grunten, the Daumen, the Hochvogel, and the Modele Gabel. A branch line goes off to ULM, by way of Memmingen. IMMENSTADT, beautifully situated in a valley surrounded by high mountains. We skirt the beautiful lake called Alp See, and see on the horizon the mountains which rise above Bregenz, and the snow-clad heights of the Appenzell. Beyond Oberstaufen, we cross the Argenbach, and enter the cutting of Harbatzhofen, one of the largest in Germany. It is about 660 yards long, and about 35 yards deep. Crossing the

Ellhofertabel, over a fine viaduct, we reach the embankment of Rentershofen, upwards of 640 yards long. In the neighbourhood of Hergatz (109 miles) are the turf-pits of Degermoss. We again have a view of the range of the Appenzell. In approaching Lindau we obtain a beautiful view of the Lake of Constance and the surrounding mountains. Crossing an arm of the lake we reach LINDAU (123 miles), (Hotel: Baierischer Hof.) It is situated near the north-east shore of the Lake of Constance, on an island connected with the mainland by a wooden bridge and a railway bridge or embankment of stone. Near the wooden bridge are the remains of a tower, called Heidenthurm, the construction of which has been attributed to the Romans. On the port is a monument, erected in 1856, to Maximilian II., King of Bavaria. There is a beautiful garden, belonging to a house called Lindenhof, to which the public are admitted free on Tuesdays and Fridays; on other days (except Sundays) a fee of 30 kr. is charged. It commands beautiful views of the lake and mountains.

Steamers leave Lindau several times daily for the various towns on the Lake of Constance.

Fare to Constance, by steamer, 3.85; time, Lindau to Constance, 2 hours 40 minutes.

ROUTE 156.

bourhood are rich iron and copper mines, once the property of the famous family of Fugger of Augsburg. The Church is a curious Gothic building. Hall (110 miles) (Hotel:

INNSBRUCK.

mines and salt-works in the neighbourhood. In the Nikelskirche

For that part of the journey from Munich to ROSENHEIM (41 miles), see Route 157.

ROM

Rosenheim we follow the left bank of the Inn. Passing, near Raubling and the walled town of Neubeuern, overlooked by its castle, we reach Brannenburg. The ascent of the Wendelstein, 6400 feet high, can be made from this point. Near Fischbach, a few miles further on, we see the ruined Castle of Falkenstein. KUFFSTEIN (68 miles), (Hotel: Post), is a fortress on the frontier of the Tyrol (CustomHouse.) The fort which stands on the summit of the rock is prison. There is only one approach to it. Stores of all kinds are drawn up by ropes and pulleys. We now cross the Inn, and passing Worgl (77 miles), go through a district abounding in silver and copper mines.

Near Brixlegg (Hotel Judenwirth), we obtain a beautiful view of the valley of the Inn, extending, in clear weather, to the glaciers of the Brenner, Stubay, and Oetzthal. Jenbach (93 miles) is situated at the entrance of the Achenthal. Some distance on the other side of the Inn is the beautiful vale of Zillerthal. On the left we see the Castle of Tratzberg, on the right a Benedictine convent. Schwaz (98 miles), (Hotel: Post), is situated on the right bank of the Inn. In the neigh

Albert Durer, and an altar-piece by Erasmus Quellinus. In the Tummelplatz tournaments used to be held. We cross the Inn, and ascend the right bank to

INNSBRUCK (116 miles), (Hotels: see "HOTEL LIST"). This town is the capital of the Tyrol. It is situated on the Inn, from which it derives its name, and is surrounded with delightful scenery. The valley in which it lies is surrounded by lofty mountains. The HOF KIRCHE, erected 155363, in fulfilment of a vow of Maximilian I., contains the magnificent tomb of that Emperor, in the principal nave. It is a marble sarcophagus, on which is a kneeling bronze figure of the Emperor.

The sides of the Sarcophagus are ornamented with 24 bas-reliefs in Cararra marble, the workmanship of which is very elaborate and beautiful. They represent scenes in the life of Maximilian. They are protected by a screen which the custodian will remove for a small fee.

On each side are arranged colossal bronze statues to the number of 28, representing distinguished persons, chiefly of the house of Austria, including Clovis and Rudolph of Hapsburg.

At the left of the entrance is the tomb of André Hofer, the chief of the insurrection of 1809, who was shot at Mantua in 1810. His body was clandestinely recovered in 1823 by the Tyrolese, and deposited in this church. Opposite this is the monument

erected by the Tyrolese in 1823 to the memory of all their countrymen who had fallen in the defence of their country. There are several other interesting tombs in the church.

In the Silver Chapel, so called from a silver statue of the Virgin, are 23 statuettes of saints, also the tombs of Archduke Ferdinand II. and his first wife, the beautiful Philippina Welser of Augsburg.

In the Rennplatz is an equestrian statue of the Archduke Leopold V., erected by his wife, Claudie de Medicis. In the Neustadt, the finest street of Innsbruck, is the column of St Anne, surmounted by a figure of the Virgin, erected to commemorate the evacuation of the Tyrol by the Bavarians in 1703. At the extremity of this street is the triumphal arch erected by the citizens in 1765, on the occasion of the entry into the town of Maria Theresa and Francis I.

The PALACE, built in 1770 by Maria Theresa, stands upon the site of the old palace of Charles V. The great hall and chapel are worth visiting.

The MUSEUM contains an interesting collection of Tyrolese birds, minerals and plants, and some paintings by Tyrolean artists, and an interesting collection of Tyrolese antiquities. Fee 30 kr.

A pleasant excursion is to the Castle of Ambras, near Pradl, which may be reached in less than an hour from Innsbruck. The view from the castle over the valley of the Inn is very fine. Leaving Innsbruck, we proceed up the valley of the Sill, passing Wilton, which has an ancient Abbey. In the foreground is the Berg Isel. It has on its summit a Gothic monument to the patriot Hofer and his comrades. We pass, on the left, the Patscher

Kofel (7350 ft.) before reaching MATREY (128 miles). On the right we see the valley of Stubay; with the white peaks of the mountains which close it in the far distance. One or two small stations are passed before reaching BRENNER the summit of the Pass (4,490 ft.). The descent now begins. Sterzing (158 miles), is on the site of the Roman station of Vipitenum. In former times it was celebrated for the rich mines of silver, lead, and copper in its vicinity. We have fine views up the valleys that open on either side. After passing Sterzing, we see the Castle of Sprechenstein on the left, and that of Reifenstein on the right. We cross over the marsh called Sterzinger Moos, past the Castle of Welfenstein, and enter a ravine which extends for a considerable distance. Franzenfeste (164 miles), with a powerful fortress. (All trains stop for meals). [From Franzenfeste a line goes off to the east to Villach, Gratz, Vienna and Trieste.]

BRIXEN (173 miles), (Hotel : Elephant). The archbishopric of which it is the see, was founded in the 4th century. The Dom, of the 18th century, is ornamented in its interior with choice marble. The ancient cloisters have some curious frescoes and monuments. The Church of St John has a fine tower. At Klausen (178 miles) is a nunnery built on a precipitous rock, 700 ft. high. A short distance beyond, we see the fine Castle of Trostburg, at the opening of the Grodnerthal. Passing through a very romantic country we reach

BOTZEN (197 miles), (Hotels: see "HOTEL LIST"). This is a very prosperous town, situated near the confluence of the Eisack, and Talfer. Tourists will find many pleasant excursions in the neighbourhood.