and is a residence of the present Emperor. The church contains a picture by Van Dyck, and in the apartments are admirable pictures by Canaletto, and a group of Meleager, by Beyer.

The large park is one of the finest in Europe, and is traversed by the River Schwechat, which forms a lake with several islands. On one of the islets is the Franzenburg, a small castle built in true mediæval style. It contains a hall of arms, a collection of objects of art, a chapel, &c. Amongst the objects of art may be specially mentioned the armour of Charles V. and Philip II., and 17 marble statues of princes of the house of Hapsburg.

ROUTE 158.

VIENNA TO DRESDEN, BY BRUNN AND PRAGUE.

(Note.-The direct line to Prague, avoiding Brunn, is nearly 38 miles shorter than the line here described, but the express trains occupy the same time by both routes. There is nothing of interest on the shorter route via Gmund.)

370 miles; 1st class, 27 fl. 65 kr; 2nd, 20 fl. 83 kr.; 3rd, 14 fl. 3 kr.

WEAVING Vienna we pass Florisdorf and Wagram, near which latter the great battle of the 5th and 6th July 1809, took place between the French and Austrians. From Ganzerndorf (19 miles), a branch goes to Presburg and Pesth. Near Durnkruth, we obtain a view

of the lesser range of the Carpathian mountains. We now go near the River March, the boundary between Hungary and Austria, and passing Hohenau, ascend the valley of the Thaya, and reach LUNDENBURG (52 miles). Here a branch line goes to Olmutz. On the left, near Saitz (61 miles), rises the lofty belvedere in the park of Prince Liechtenstein. Crossing the viaduct, we reach Raigern. Here is an ancient Benedictine monastery, founded in 1048 by Duke Bretislaw, with a handsome church, and a good library. BRUNN (95 miles). (Hotel: Werner.) This town, the capital of Moravia, is situated near the confluence of Schwartzawa and the Zwittawa. The Castle of Spielberg, now a prison, was the place of confinement of Baron Trenck and Silvio Pellico. Trenck died here in 1749. Pellico, with other Italian patriots, was confined here from 1822 to 1830. The Church of the Capuchins contains the tomb of Baron Trenck. The Dikasterial Gebaude, formerly an Augustine convent, is now a government office. The Moravian National Museum contains a library, and a collection of antiquities. Brunn is celebrated for its extensive cloth manufactories. Leaving Brunn, we pass some places of no interest, and reach Zwittau (139 miles), a walled town, having a considerable trade in cloth and linen. About 14 miles from Pardubitz (189 miles), is the field of Sadowa, the scene of the great battle fought in 1866 between the Prussians and Austrians. (Branch line to Koniggratz and Zittau.) Kolin (215 miles). On the right we see an obelisk raised in 1842 to commemorate a victory gained by the Austrians over the Prussians under Frederick the Great in 1757, during the Seven Years'

War. Passing some other places of no interest, we reach

PRAGUE (256 miles). (Hotels: see "HOTEL LIST"). The capital of Bohemia, and, next to Vienna, the principal town in the Empire of Austria. It is the seat of an archbishopric, and the residence of the principal officials of Bohemia. The nobles of Bohemia reside here during part of the year. Its site is a regular basin cut in two by the river. Viewed from the bridge, no city in Germany surpasses it in the grandeur of its appearance. It consists of four quarters, two on each side of the river, the Alstadt and Neustadt on the right, and the Kleinseite and Hradschin on the left bank. The Alstadt (the old town) lies along the right bank towards the north. Its streets are narrow, but being the principal seat of business, it contains the best shops. The Neustadt encloses the Altstadt on the north-east, east and south-east, and was formerly separated from it by walls and a ditch, which has been filled up. On the opposite side of the river, occupying the bank and the northern portion, is the Kleinseite, the abode of the Bohemian nobility, and the site of several remarkable palaces. The other quarter, the Hradschin, to the west and south of the Kleinseite, occupies the side of a steep hill, and contains fewer houses than the other quarters, but surpasses them in interest in consequence of the public edifices which it contains.

On quitting the railway station, and entering the Altstadt (old town), we pass through the Pulverthurm (Powder Tower). This tower is in the Gothic style; it was built in the 14th century, by the citizens of Prague, in honour of King Ladislas II. It was formerly one of the eight

gate-towers which gave access to the old town, and separated it from the Neustadt. The Pulverthurm adjoins, on the north side, the Konigshof, an ancient Royal palace, now a barrack; this tower gives access to the Zeltnergasse, one of the principal streets in the old town. On the left stands the Palace of Justice, formerly the house of the commandant-general of the garrison. The Zeltnergasse leads to the Grosse Ring, the principal square in the old town. Here the ancient kings of Bohemia gave fetes and tournaments, and here, in 1621, twenty-seven chiefs of the Protestant party were executed. In the centre is the Mariensaule (Mary's column), erected in 1650, by the Emperor Ferdinand III., after the unsuccessful siege of Prague by the Swedes. Here is also a monumental fountain, erected under the Emperor Rudolph. The Rathhaus is on the west side of the Grosse Ring, and stands on the site of a more ancient one, built in the 14th century, of which there only remain the chapel, the great tower, and the southern facade containing the council chamber. The present structure was erected between 1838 and 1849, and is in the Gothic style. The principal

facade is adorned with the statues of six kings of Bohemia.

The east side of the Grosse Ring is occupied by the Kinsky Palace, the largest building in the old town, and the church called Teynkirche, the facade of which is masked by some old houses with arcades.

The Teynkirche is a Gothic building, built in 1407 by the German merchants of Prague, on the site of the old church, founded in the 9th century, of which the baptistery still exists. The towers, erected by King

Podiebrad, are very fine; their roofs are each flanked by four small towers, also roofed. Their height is upwards of 250 feet.

From the Grosse Ring we proceed to the Kleine Ring and the Kleine Carlsgasse. Near the former is the great palace of ClamGallas, a chef-d'œuvre of the Italian style, built 1707-12. We next reach the Grosse Carlsgasse, of which the whole of one side is taken up by the Clementinum, formerly a Jesuits' college. The Emperor Ferdinand I., in 1556, summoned the Jesuits to Prague in order to oppose the Protestant tendencies of the university. The Emperor Joseph II., after the departure of the Jesuits, converted it into a seminary. The structure comprises seven courts, two churches and two chapels. The Clementinum composes part of the university of Prague; it contains a lyceum, a school, a library, a museum of natural history, an observatory, halls of philosophy and theology, an academy of fine arts, &c.

The Salvatorkirche (Church of the Saviour), adjoins the Clementinum. Its facade faces the Brückenplatz. It was built by the Jesuits (1578-1634); it is ornamented with frescoes; the stalls in the choir are adorned with twelve wooden statuettes of the Apostles. The Grosse Carlsgasse leads to the Brückenplatz, which borders the quay of the Moldau. The east side of this place is occupied by the Kreuzherrnkirche (Church of the Crusaders), a beautiful building, erected 1672-88, after the model of St Peter's at Rome. Its interior is splendidly decorated; the chapter-house is adorned with paintings. Near this church is the statue of the Emperor Charles IV., erected in 1848, on the 500th anniversary of the founding of the university. Op

posite the Church of the Crusaders is the palace of Prince Colorado - Mansfeld, containing good collections of pictures and arms.

The National Theatre was restored and enlarged in 1859. On the Franzens-Quai, between the two bridges, is the Monument of the Emperor Francis I. It was erected in 1845 by the States of Bohemia. It is a monumental fountain, in the form of a Gothic pyramid, 75 feet high, on which are eight basins. In the centre is the equestrian statue of Francis I., in Bronze, surrounded by figures in sandstone representing the sixteen circles of Bohemia, the town of Prague, Art, Science, Commerce, and Industry.

The ancient Ghetto, or Jews' Quarter of Prague, formerly called Judenstadt, has, since 1830, been named Josephstadt. Nearly 10,000 souls, few of whom are Jews, inhabit this narrow and tortuous district. Formerly the Ghetto was closed by nine gates. We observe the ancient Hôtel-de-Ville of the Jews. There is a good view from the tower. There are five synagogues, of which the oldest dates from 1250. We see, also, the Reformed Jewish Temple, and near it the Old Jewish Cemetery; it is one of the most interesting spots in Prague. It is no longer used, and is completely filled with graves.

The Neustadt, or New Town, is situated to the south of the Altstadt, from which it is separated by the Kolowratstrasse. This street contains the National Museum of Bohemia, founded in 1818 by Count Kolowrat. It contains a library; ethnographical collections; medals, charts, armorial emblazonments, and seals; a cabinet of geology, and a collection of antediluvian plants. The ground-floor is occupied by collections of mineralogy. On the