containing a bazaar, a grand concert and ball room, exchange and reading rooms, and the offices of the Austrian Lloyd's. There are numerous churches for various nationalities, of which the Greek church is the finest ; and among the other buildings worthy of inspection is the Palazzo Revoltella, containing some very fine objects of art, and splendidly furnished. Trieste is the see of a bishop, the seat of civil, mercantile, and marine courts, and of a number of important public offices, and possesses various establishments -benevolent, educational, literary, and scientific. The country around the city is extremely beautiful-gardens, vineyards, and orchards, under anItalian sky, meet the eye in every direction.

In the vicinity of the city is MIRAMAR, formerly the château of Maximilian, the unfortunate Emperor of Mexico. (Cab to go and return, 3 florins.) The château is a fine building, with handsome apartments. It contains a museum of Egyptian and Grecian antiquities. The park and gardens are beautifully laid out, and afford fine views of Trieste, the Adriatic, and the Alps. The city first receives historical mention 51 B.C., when it was overrun and plundered by neighbouring tribes. It was much improved by Augustus, and in 1382 finally passed into the hands of Austria. It owes its prosperity chiefly to the Emperor Charles VI., who constituted it a free port, and to Maria Theresa.

Trieste is one of the largest steam-packet stations in Europe. Steamers leave at frequent intervals for all the chief ports of the Adriatic and Mediterranean.

Leaving Nabresina (see above) we pass along the shore of the Adriatic to Monfalcone (3543 miles), and after passing several unimportant places reach UDINE

(394 miles), (Hotel: Italia). This town is still surrounded by its old fortifications. It resembles Venice in many particulars; indeed, some of its buildings and monuments are copies of those in Venice. The Cathedral is a fine building in the Byzantine style. The Bishop's Palace has a curious picture by Jean of Udine. PORDENONE (424 miles), supposed to be the Portus Naonis of the Romans. There are large paper-mills here. CONEGLIANO (442 miles), (Hotel: La Posta). The Castle, above the town, is a fine building. In the Duomo, or cathedral, is a handsome altar-piece by Cima. Passing some other places of no interest, we reach TREVISO (470 miles). (Hotel: Albergo Reale.) This town is situated on the Sile. It is a bishop's see, and the capital of the province of the same name. Considerable manufactures of cloth and paper are carried on here. The handsome Cathedral contains some good frescoes, an altar-piece by Titian, and pictures by P. Bordone and Pordenone, and sculptures by Sansovino and Lombardi. The Church of San Nicolo, a Gothic structure, has some fine paintings, and a good fresco. In the Monte di Pieta there is a picture of "The Burial of Christ," the last work of Giorgione. The Theatre and Palazzo Publico are handsome buildings. The gardens attached to the Villa Manfrini are well laid out and extensive. At Mestre (471 miles) the line from Padua falls in. We next reach VENICE (476 miles). (See Route 170).

The Austrian Lloyd's steamers leave Trieste for Venice on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays at midnight. Time, 8 hours. Fares, 9 florins, and 6 florins 50 kr. Steamers also leave Venice for Trieste on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays at midnight.

ROUTE 162.

VIENNA TO PESTH.

(BY RAILWAY.)

1711 miles; 1st class, 10 fl. 98 kr.; 2d, 8 fl. 24 kr. ; 3d, 5 fl. 49 kr.

Steamers leave Vienna for Pesth every morning during the summer months. The voyage occupies about thirteen hours, but the return voyage takes nearly twice that time. It would be advisable therefore for tourists who wish to vary the journey to go by steamer to Pesth, and return to Vienna by rail. Express fares by steamer are, for the 1st cabin, fl. 9.00; 2d cabin, fl. 6.00.

From Vienna to GANZENDORF (18 miles), see Route 158.

P

ASSING Marchegg (30 miles), we cross the Austrian frontier and enter Hungary at Neudorf (33 miles), and reach

PRESBURG (41 miles), (Hotel : Gruner Baum). It is situate on the left bank of the Danube. The site of the town is remark ably fine, being in the form of a semi-circle. The neighbouring hills are clothed with vineyards. It was long the principal city of Hungary, having been made the capital in 1541, when the Turks took possession of Buda; and even as late as the last quarter of the 18th century, it was the most beautiful and the most populous town in the kingdom. The edifices most deserving of notice are the Royal Palace, a building once of great magnifi

cence, but accidentally destroyed by fire in 1811, and not since repaired; the Landhaus, or Hall of the Diet, in which the chambers of the kingdom meet; the Cathedral, a huge Gothic pile, in which the kings of Hungary were crowned; the Capuchin Franciscan, and Ursuline Monasteries, each with a handsome church attached; the bishop's palace, the theatre, &c.

Presburg is a place of great antiquity, and had acquired some importance even before the country was subjugated by the Romans. In after times it became, as above-mentioned, the capital of Hungary, and retained the honour till the Emperor Joseph II. restored it to Buda. The peace by which Austria ceded Venice to France, and the Tyrol to Bavaria, was concluded here in 1805.

Leaving Presburg, we proceed past several unimportant places to NEUHAUSEL (97 miles), situated on the Neutra. (Day train halts here 12 minutes for dinner.) GRAN-NANA (1243 miles) is situated on the Danube, on the opposite side of which is Gran, a steamboat station. We continue along the left bank of the river to

PESTH (171 miles), (Hotels: see "HOTEL LIST"). This is the most populous and important city of Hungary. It lies on the left bank of the Danube. Its low situation contrasts strongly with the antique, picturesque, and rock-built Buda, on the other side of the river. The two cities are connected by a fine suspension bridge, erected in 1849, the length of which is about 1,500 feet. Pesth is the seat of the chief judicial courts of Hungary. Its University is richly endowed; it is attended by upwards of 2,000 students, and attached to it are a museum, a botanic garden, and

a library. Other public buildings are the Neugebaude, an immense edifice now used as barracks and as an artillery depot; the parish church, a Gothic structure; the Synagogue; the National Museum, with a library of 125,000 volumes, and a gallery of about 200 pictures; the Theatre, capable of holding 3,000 persons; and the National Casino, which is open to strangers. In the new Academy is the celebrated ESTERHAZY GALLERY, formerly at Vienna, purchased by the Government for £130,000. It contains about 800 pictures. Open every day. It contains 10 works of Murillo.

Near the city is the Rakos Mezo (field of Rákos), a plain where the Diet, the great national assembly of the Magyars, used to be held in the open air, and the deputies, attended by their vast retinue of vassals, sometimes swelled to the number of 100,000 men, who remained encamped in tents during the continuance of the sittings. The Rákos is now famous for its annual horse

races.

BUDA (called in German OFEN (oven), either on account of its hot springs, or because of the lime-kilns in the vicinity) has a highly picturesque appearance, being built round the Castle-hill in the form of an amphitheatre, in the midst of a district covered with vineyards. Crowning this hill is the Royal Palace, which contains in its chapel the royal insignia of Hungary, and has many fine apartments. Buda has various charitable and scientific institutions, and contains in all thirteen churches and a synagogue. There are here some celebrated hot sulphurous springs, used as baths successively by the Romans, the Turks, and those who came after them, down to the present day.

It is a place of great antiquity, but its importance dates from 1240, when the fortress was erected. During the inroads of the Turks, it was regarded as the key of Christendom. It was captured by Solyman the Magnificent in 1526, but retaken the following year by Ferdinand I., King of Bohemia. In 1541, it was again taken by Solyman, who introduced into it a garrison of 12,000 janizaries; and it remained in the possession of the Turks until 1686, when it was captured by the Duke of Lorraine.

FROM VIENNA TO PESTH.

(BY RIVER.)

A steamer leaves Vienna every morning for Pesth, occupying thirteen hours. A small steamer starts from the Prater Quay at 6.30 A.M. and transfers the passengers to the large steamer near Lobau island, about half an hour later. The chief places on the route are as follows: right, Deutsch Altenberg, with a castle, and near by, on a hill, the fine Gothic church of St John. Right, Hainburg, a picturesque town with old walls, and an extensive ruin on a neighbouring height. The Austrian Government tobacco factory is here, occupying 1,100 hands. PRESBURG, the old palace of which, now in ruins, is a conspicuous object for a long distance (see above). Below Presburg, the banks are flat and uninteresting. Left, KOMORN, a strong fortress, which was for a long time successfully defended by the Hungarians in 1849. GRAN, on the right bank, is the

residence of the Primate of Hungary. The Cathedral, built as an imitation of St Peter's, at Rome, is a conspicuous object. It was built in 1821. Near it is the Archiepiscopal Palace. Wissegrad, right, is surmounted by the ruins of a castle, which as early as the 11th century was inhabited by the Kings of Hungary. Waitzen, left, has a cathedral similar to

that of Gran. At the upper end of the town is an extensive workhouse with a Gothic church.

At Alt-Ofen, the steamers of the Danube Co. are built. Soon the heights of Buda (Ofen) with the Royal Palace, are seen, and soon after the steamer lands at the busy wharf of PESTH. (For description see above).