A Philosophical Treatise on the Nature and Constitution of Man

A PERFECT SYSTEM OF PATHOLOGY.

503

often cures, and which may gradually subside, if the soul be vigorous enough to stand the trial-analogous to the case of fever or cold attacking the bodily system.

In the case of diseases of the physical frame, important beneficial results are occasionally produced by the discovery and extirpation of humours and other affections, which would otherwise have remained latent in the system. In the case of mental diseases, the results are not less important, or less extensive, as regards the effects which they sometimes produce in the development of particular false opinions, which would not otherwise be brought out; and by the eliciting of peculiar erroneous notions, which thus become exposed and counteracted.

So not only may medicine be prescribed for mental as well as material ailments, but anatomy of the mind may be effected as well as that of the body, and dissection may be accomplished of the mental as well as of the material frame; its wondrous structure exposed to view, its operations surveyed, and the machinations of its maladies exposed and remedied."

12. The complete Development, Discipline, and Cultivation of the Mind, the ultimate Aim in the study of the Constitution of Man.

The discovery and establishment of an efficient remedy for mental disease, as also the complete development, cultivation, and discipline of the entire mental system and constitution, are indeed the main among the many advantages, both to individuals and to mankind collectively, which the study of, and an acquaintance with, that very important topic which I have attempted in this treatise to investigate, will serve to supply. It is in this that education, in its truest and fullest sense, must be allowed to consist. This moreover, is the highest and the most important object of all our intellectual efforts, and is the choicest fruit which can result from our most successful intellectual researches. The most gigantic minds cannot, indeed, consecrate their lofty powers to undertakings more laudable, to purposes more beneficial to their fellow-creatures, or more ennobling to themselves, than the discovery of a system of mental pathology, by which this

Professor Huxley relates that on some one asking Des Cartes to let him see his library, he took him into his dissecting-room, and showed him his various anatomical preparations. During the progress of the present work, many hundreds of minds have been dissected by the author, and their various functions attentively examined while in full operation. This is neverthelesss a species of vivisection, which may be performed without cruelty or even pain, and of which the patient, however sensitive, is wholly unconscious.

great end may be secured. As that education alone is satisfactory through which is effected the complete development of all our various endowments and powers; so is that condition not only the highest, but in truth the most natural to us, wherein what is in reality the essential part of our being, attains maturity, and developes to the full its loftiest energies. In Heaven alone, may we conclude that disease of the mind, as well as of the material frame, will for ever cease to exist. In complete exemption from calamities of this class, and in nothing more than in this, shall we then resemble our Creator; Whose sublime condition, free from all liability to evil, either mental, moral, or medial, is not only one of His leading attributes, but without which not even He could be deemed to be absolutely perfect.

THE END.

GILBERT AND RIVINGTON, PRINTERS, ST. JOHN'S SQUARE, LONDON.

INDEX.

ABERCROMBIE, Dr., quotations from,
i. 377; ii. 10, 48, 81, 94, 117, 125,
127, 132, 147, 148, 150, 164.
Abernethy, John, quotations from,
Preface, xiii, xiv, i. 45, 50.
Aberration of mind, see Insanity.
Abilities, differences in, among man-
kind, ii. 182, 184, 198, 199; men
of great, ii. 207, 208, 209; our in-
tellectual, all sufficient for our
requirements, ii. 184.
Ability, consciousness of, ii. 208,

217; energy, how far a proof of,
ii. 202, 212; intellectual, see
Talent.

Absence of life, death distinct from,
i. 174; of mind, meaning of the
term, ii. 442.

Abstract matters, difficulty of deal-
ing with, 285; reasoning, applica-
tion of, ii. 287.
Abuse of the appetites, i. 328, 338;
provisions against, i. 329; punish.
ment for, i. 334.

Abuse of endowments, evils result-
ing from the, ii. 103, 104.
Accretion, principle of, i. 171.
Acids, i. 11.

Acquirements, application of, ii.
446, 447; artificial, i. 22; natural,
ii. 447.

Acting, the art of, ii. 249.
Action, animal, analogous to con-
science, ii. 165; semblance of,
desire in, ii. 113; antagonistic,
throughout the universe, ii. 431,
432, 434; consequent on corrup
tion, i. 177; not the essence of

VOL. II.

soul, i. 110; incentives to, i. 281,
282, 283; vitality, a leading in-
centive to, ii. 87, 88; upon matter,
how effected, i. 46; matter stimu-
lated to by vitality, i. 146; mental,
celerity of, ii. 438, 439, 440, 441,
443; mental recollection, the re-
sult of, ii. 369; suspension of, i.
110; direction of, i. 110; the
mind known by, ii. 173, 174; of the
mind, various and unremitting, ii.
173, 177, 178; of the mind, volun-
tary power of, ii. 179, 185; moral,
retribution for, in eternity, i. 111;
the motion, not the essence, of
the soul, ii. 172; the originators of,
i. 282, 283; power of, whence
derived, i. 33; powers of, i. 217,
218; and reaction, principles of,
ii. 67; the world proceeds by, ii.
105; the soul does not consist in, i.
106, 172; of soul, i. 105, 106, 107,
108; constant, but not ceaseless, i.
107, 173; causes occasioning the,
ii. 175; not the essence of the soul,
i. 72; the soul known by its, i. 73;
soul never fatigued by, i. 113, 114,
124; of soul, independent of body,
i. 116, 117; of the soul upon
nervous fluid, i. 48; of the soul,
various modes of, i. 126; of spirit
upon matter, i. 45, 120, 121, 122,
123; spirit naturally inclined to,
i. 146; of spirits, various modes
of, i. 107, 108; springs of, ii. 84,
85, 87; termination of, the effect
of death, i. 177; voluntary, i. 110.
Actions, animal, influence of sensa-
tions in,i. 191; human, instinctive
nature of certain, i. 185; moral, re-

the

lation of to the conscience, ii. 142;
moral quality of, determined by
the conscience, ii. 152; what
frames incapable of, 47; the emo-
tions, the originators of, ii. 90.
Active, being, nature of, i. 88, 89;
powers of the soul, nature of the,
i. 82.

Activity, mental, i, 109, 110; ii. 177,
178; ceaseless, i. 110; promotion
of, i. 297; property of in matter,
i. 89; its relation to spirit, i. 105,
107; spiritual, i. 108.
Adam, opinion that all souls exist
in, i. 60.

Addison, J., quotations from, i. 369;
ii. 104, 203, 321.

Admiration, definition of, i. 295;
the love of, ii. 99; the emotion of,
i. 289, 295; animals not excited
by, i. 308, 310.

Adult education, causes of the diffi-
culty of, ii. 482.

Adults, souls of children of the same
status as that of, i. 100.
Adverb, reduction of the soul to the
essence of an, i. 77.
Aegineta, Paulus, quotation from,
i. 28.

Aerial fluid, i. 36.

Affection and animal attachment.

Preface, xxviii, i. 290, 350, 375;
feeling of affinity, necessary to, i.
376, 385, 386, 388; close alliance
between, i. 382; on what depen-
dent, i. 385, 386, 387; sometimes
difficult to distinguish between, i.

401;
relation of sympathy to, i.
376, 389; attachment to places,
i. 386, 387, 406; acquired, i. 386,
388; angels endowed with, i. 381;
how far dependent upon age, i.
392; distinct from both appetite
and passion, i. 377, 378; how far
common to animals, i. 375, 376;
what animals wanting in, i. 383,
393; the appetites blunted by, i.
398; relation of the appetites to,
i. 377; continuing, causes of, i.
391, 393; efficient causes of, i. 381;
the exciting cause of, i. 388; the
character changed by, i. 398; in-
fluence of circumstances upon, i.
392; unconnected with concupis-
cence, i. 380; how far dependent
on bodily condition, i. 392; a con-
sciousness of connexion essential
to, i. 375, 379, 380; connexion an
element in, i. 389, 390; connu-

bial, i. 400, 403; cause of, i. 380;
control of by conscience, i. 405;
relation of conscience to, ii. 129;
counterpart excitements in, i. 378;
counteracting excitements opera-
ting on, i. 406, 407; steady course
of, i. 389; the Deity endowed with,
i. 380; influence of the desires in
relation to, i. 407; certain persons
destitute of, i. 401; development
of, i. 392, 393; discipline of, i.
405, 406; not dependent on dis-
position, i. 391; distinct from
desire, ii. 89; dissolution of the
elements of, i, 408, 409; emo-
tions connected with, i. 375, 376;
relation of the emotions to,
i. 390, 402, 407; operation of the
emotions in relation to, i. 407,
408; the emotions invigorated
by, i. 398; eccentric occasional
exercise of, i. 398; exercise of in
a future state, i. 409, 410; causes
of difference in excitement of, i.
401, 402; undue excitement of,
i. 408; extinction of, i. 407, 408,
409; the intellectual faculties
stimulated by, i. 398; fickleness
in regard to, i. 407; follies occa-
sioned by, ii. 434; functions of,
i. 394; excited towards God, i.
395, 396; distinguished from
gratitude, i. 378; general influ-
ence of, i. 394, ii. 26, 40; influence
of upon the soul, i. 398; insatia-
bility of, i. 377; relation of
instinct to, i. 376; instinct directs
in the case of animals, i. 383, 384;
intellect invigorates in the case
of man, i. 384; intimacy gene-
rates, i. 399; causes contributing
to invigorate, i. 398; aided by
irritation, i. 377; development of
into love, i. 349,378; wherein it dif-
fers from love, i. 380; love distinct
from, i. 356; distinction between
it and love, i. 391; influence of
upon the memory, ii. 374; moral
influence of, i. 398, 433, 434;
natural and artificial, i. 384, 386,
388; objects of, i. 375, 376, 377,
378, 379, 386, 387, 388, 390, 392,
393, 394, 395, 400, 401, 405, 407,
408; for offspring, i. 379, 380,
381, 383, 384, 385, 390, 391, 393,
396; origin and essence of, i. 111.
379, 388, ii. 5, 6, 47; operation of
the appetites in relation to, i.
407; operation of very different

INDEX.

from that of appetite, i. 401;
operation of very different from
that of emotion, i. 401; operation
of very different from that of
passion, i 40; the passions
invigorated by, i. 398; possibility
of a person never being excited
by, i. 400; parental, i. 386, 392,
393, 396, 397, 399, 402, 403, 404,
408, 409, ii. 85; permanence of
its ties, i. 377, 394; perversion of,
i. 407; its various qualities and
kinds, i. 385, 386, 387, 388;
control of the reason over, i. 383,
384, 402, 407, 408; influence of
the reason upon, i. 389, 390;
relation of the reason to, i. 375;
reciprocation of, i. 391; restraint
of, i. 405, 406,407; resulting, i. 388,
397; selection of objects of, i. 399;
centres in self-love, i. 395; not
produced by self-interest, i. 378;
self-love originating, i. 378, 879,
401;

for self, denial of, i. 402,
403; source of in the soul, i. 376,
377, 387; spontaneous, i. 384;
influence of sex in the case of, i.
404, 405; relation of the senses
to, i. 375; spirits endowed with,
i. 381; the sustaining stimulus
of, i. 388; sustentation of, i. 390;
sympathy an auxiliary to, i. 380;
relation of sympathy to, i. 389;
uniformity of operation in, i. 194;
value of, i. 398; variety of its
manifestation, i. 401, 402, 403,
405; various degrees of in differ-
ent animals, i. 383; vehemence of
in some animals, i. 383; origin
of, i. 392.

Affinity, feeling of, necessary to
affection and animal attachment,
i. 376, 385, 386, 388; of fire to
spirit, i. 91.

Age, old. See also old age; pleasures
of, i. 284; how far affection de-
pendent upon, i. 392; death by,
when it takes place, i. 172;
influence of, 272; taste varies
with, i. 238.

Aged persons, defect of memory in,
ii. 387; appetites decline in, i.

Aids, artificial, to the memory, ii.

507

380, 381, 382; to memory, arti-
ficial language among the leading,
ii. 382.

Air, influence of upon the animal
spirits, i. 38; necessity of to ani-
mal existence, i. 69; relation of
to life, i. 91; relation of the soul
to, i. 73, 91.

Alford, Dean, reference to, ii. 33.
Almighty, The. See God.
Amalgamation of ideas by the me-
mory, ii. 361, 368.

Ambition, the desire termed, ii. 83,
98; abuse of, 203; animals desti-
tute of, ii. 114; animals not
actuated by, ii. 76, 89; beneficial
influences of, ii.. 107; character
of, on what dependent, ii. 99;
elements of, ii. 100; extravagant
feats of, ii. 94; incentives to, ii.
99, 101; increased by indulgence,
ii. 106; influence of, 11. 44, 45, 99;
literary, ii. 101; objects of, ii. 98,
99, 101; the origin of, ii. 98, 99,
100; posthumous, ii. 101; a
proof of superior capacity, ii. 99;
spirits actuated by, ii. 89; stimu-
lants to, ii. 99, 101.

Analysis, the capacity of. Preface,

xxix; ii. 185, 277; application of
in the exercise of reasoning, ii.
277, 297; correspondent with
deprehension, ii. 278; cultivation
of the capacity of, ii. 271; defini-
tion of this capacity, ii. 277; re-
lation of to deprehension, ii. 228;
development of, ii. 278; depre-
hension distinct from the capa-
city of, ii. 227; results of defi-
ciency in this capacity, ii. 278;
education of the capacity of, ii.
281, 282; endowments conferred
by this capacity, ii. 277, 278;
exercise of the capacity of, ii.
467, 469; influence of the under-
standing upon, ii. 278; operation
of the capacity of, ii, 281, 287;
exhibition of in children, ii. 278;
necessary existence of this capa-
city, ii. 277; influence exerted by
this capacity, ii. 278; influence
upon of co-existent capacities, ii.
409; comparison of to minute
measures, ii. 280; truth the ulti-
mate aim of its exercise, ii. 304;
neglect to exert this capacity, ii.
278, 279.

Analogy between material and
mental disease, ii. 489, 497; be-

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A Philosophical Treatise on the Nature and Constitution of Man, Volume 2