PORTRAIT PAINTERS.

BAAN, JAN DE, born at Haerlem in 1633, was a scholar of Jacob de Backer. He was invited to England by Charles the Second, and painted his portrait, and those of many distinguished persons of the time. He was a great admirer of the style of Van Dyck, and in several instances imitated it to perfection. It is related that Louis the Fourteenth, after conquering part of Holland, was desirous of having his portrait painted by De Baan, but the painter excused himself by saying that in the midst of his mourning country he did not think it proper for him to trace the features of her conqueror. The landscape back-grounds of many of De Baan's portraits were painted by Bernard Appelman. Jan de Baan died in 1702.

BAAN, JACOB DE, was born at the Hague in 1673. He was the son and scholar of Jan de Baan. He came to England about five years after the accession of William the Third to the throne, and painted the portraits of the Duke of Gloucester and several of the nobility. He painted in the style of his father, and it was expected that he would even surpass him, but he died at the early age of twenty

seven.

BACKER, JACOB DE, born at Harlingen in 1608, or thereabout, painted both history and portraits; in the latter he showed great facility of execution. It is said by Houbraken that he painted a half-length portrait of a lady, dressed in a troublesome drapery and loaded with jewels, in one day. is said that he painted the portrait of Brauwer. Jacob de Backer died, according to some writers, in 1641, and according to others, in 1651.

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BARENTSEN, DIRCK, and BARENT DE DOWE, Bernard, called also Il Sordo. These appellations probably belong to an individual artist who studied under Titian. He was born at Amsterdam in 1534, and went to Italy when young; he was placed in the school of Titian, and became a great favourite with his master on account of his talents, and also on account of his infirmity. He painted the portrait of Titian, at whose death he returned to Holland, where he produced several admirable works, both in history and portraiture; in the latter he imitated the colouring of Titian to deception. He died at Amsterdam in 1592.

BEECK, or BECK, DAVID, born in 1641, was for a short time a scholar of Van Dyck, and was employed by Charles the First in copying his portraits. He was a favourite with Charles, and after his death visited many of the European courts, and painted the portraits of the kings and nobles much in the style of his early master. He was, however, somewhat too rapid in his execution, which on one occasion drew the remark from Charles, that he believed Beeck could paint riding post. See Scholars and Imitators of Van Dyck.

BEELDEMAKER, FRANCIS, was the son of Jan Beeldemaker, the painter of boar and bear hunts, and was born at the Hague in 1669. After studying some time under William Doudyns, he went to Italy, and improved his style by assiduous attention to the works of art in the several cities that he visited. On his return to Holland he distinguished himself both in history and portraiture; and in the latter was particularly admired. He died at the Hague in 1717.

BELKAMP, JAN VAN, a Dutch artist, who passed a great portion of his life in England, and was employed in copying the pictures in the Royal Collection. He copied the portraits of Henry the Seventh and Henry the Eighth, from large pictures painted by Hans Holbein, which were destroyed by fire at Whitehall. He died in 1653.

BERCKMANS, HENRI, was born at Clunder, near Williamstadt, in 1629. He studied under several masters, among whom Bosschaert, Wouwerman, and Jacob Jordaens are named, and occasionally showed something of the manner of each, according to the subject on which his pencil was employed. He finally attached himself entirely to portraiture, and became such a favourite, that it was with difficulty

he could fulfil his engagements. Admiral de Ruyter and many other of his distinguished countrymen were painted by him. He died in 1690.

BOCKHORST, JAN VAN, called Langen Jan, was a scholar of Jacob Jordaens. He distinguished himself in several branches of the art, and was particularly excellent as a portrait painter, in which he is sometimes not inferior to Van Dyck. This artist must not be confounded with another of the same name, who was a scholar of Sir Godfrey Kneller, and much employed in London. See Historical Painters.

BODECKER, JAN FRANZ, a scholar of Jan de Baan, practised portrait painting at Amsterdam and the Hague.` He was born at Cleeves in 1660.

BOEYERMANS, THEODORE, & native of Antwerp, was a scholar of Rubens, but in his portraits imitated the manner of Van Dyck.

BOKSHOVEN, JOSSE, born at the Hague, came to London in 1670, and was employed chiefly in copying the portraits by Van Dyck and Peter Lely. He died at the age of thirtyfive.

BOL, FERDINAND. See Scholars of Rembrandt.

BOONEN, ARNOLD, born at Dort in 1669, was a scholar of Arnold Verbius and of Godfrey Schalcken. His chief practice was portrait painting. He was well qualified for that department, as he was a faithful designer, an excellent colourist, and had an uncommon facility in penciling. He painted the portraits of many distinguished persons of his time, among which were Peter the Great, John Duke of Marlborough, the Prince and Princess of Orange, and some of the petty sovereigns of Germany. He died in 1729.

COQUES, GONZALES. See under the head of Principal

Painters.

CUYP, ALBERT. This admirable painter excelled in every department of the art in which he employed his pencil. In some of his portraits he rivals Rembrandt, combining that master's vigour with the clearness and suavity of Philip de Koningh. He painted a great number of small portraits; those of life-size are frequently in the oval form. See Prin cipal Painters, Landscapes and Cattle, and other divisions of

this work.

CUYP, JACOB GERRITSZ, was born at Dort between 1575

and 1580, (for writers are not agreed on the exact date,) and was a scholar of Abraham Bloemart. He painted various subjects, but the best that have survived are his portraits, some of which are excellent. He was the father of Albert Cuyp, and one of the founders of the Academy at Dort in 1642. He is generally called Old Cuyp, to distinguish him from Albert and Benjamin, a distinction now not necessary.

DUIVEN, JAN, born at Gouda in 1600, was a scholar of Wautier Crabeth, and had a great reputation as a portrait painter; his works are very little known at present. It is said that he made much money by repetitions of the portrait of a Franciscan Friar, of the name of Simpernel. He died

in 1640.

EECKHOUT, GERBRANDT VANDEN. See Scholars of Rembrandt.

FLINK, GOVAERT. See Scholars of Rembrandt.

He

GASPARS, JOHN BAPTIST, was a native of Antwerp. visited England during the civil war, and was employed by General Lambert. After the Restoration he became an assistant to Sir Peter Lely, and subsequently to Sir Godfrey Kneller. He drew well, and excelled in making designs for tapestry. He painted two portraits of Charles the Second, one for Painters' Hall, and the other for St. Bartholomew's Hospital. He died in 1691.

GELDER, ARNOLD DE. See Scholars of Rembrandt, and

Historical Painters.

GENTILE, LOUIS PRIMO. The family name of this artist was Primo, but he was called Gentile by the Italians on account of his polished manners and elegant dress, and by that name his works are recognised. He was born at Brussels in 1606; he went to Rome when young, and resided there for thirty years. He painted history and portraits, and was considered very eminent in the latter department. His por traits are of the Roman nobility, and are confined to Italy. They are highly finished, without the appearance of labour, and well coloured. He returned to his own country, and painted a Crucifixion for the church of St. Michael at Ghent. He died at Brussels in 1670.

GUALDORP, properly GELDORP GORTZIUS, was a scholar first of Franz Franck, and afterwards of Franz Pourbus; he painted portraits in the manner of the latter, and had a high

reputation in his day. Some of his pictures have been compared with Guido's for suavity of colouring and style. See Historical Painters.

HAANSBERGEN, JAN VAN, the scholar and successful imitator of Poelemburg, adopted portrait painting as more lucrative than that of fabulous subjects, and obtained much employment. Portraits by him are numerous, some very fine, and others very tawdry, from the conflicting and predominant colours, white and red. Those of a small size are frequently attributed to Poelemburg. See Scholars of Poelemburg.

HAESKEL, a Dutch portrait painter who visited England about the middle of the seventeenth century; his manner of painting much resembles that of Dobson. He has not been noticed by any of the Dutch writers on the art.

HALS, FRANCIS, was born at Malines in 1584, and was a scholar of Karl Vanmander, but his practice was confined to Holland, and therefore he is considered entirely as a Dutch painter. In his best portraits there are but few superior to him. They are natural in character, vigorous in execution, and rich in colouring. Frank Hals, like Rembrandt, seems to have embodied first impressions, and his portraits have therefore the impress of truth; there is no attempt to attitudinize, nor affectation of sentimental expression; the real character and person of the man or woman may be known by the picture. He has received but a small portion of the praise due to his merits, because he is known to many by his inferior works only. These being executed in haste, and frequently, perhaps, under an influence which Frank was too prone to indulge, have, with all their masterly handling, the appearance of carelessness and despatch. Sometimes his subjects are vulgar, and almost disgusting, but in all there is truth and artistic skill. The portraits to which he devoted his sober attention, are worthy to stand with those of Rembrandt, Vander Helst, and Van Dyck.. Frank Hals died in 1666.

HANNEMAN, ADRIAN, born at the Hague in 1611, was a scholar of Jan Ravesteyn. He distinguished himself as a portrait painter at the Hague, but the encouragement given to the arts by Charles the First, and the great success of Van Dyck, induced him to visit England. He resided in this country for about sixteen years, and during that time