The Elements of a Sentence 194. ORAL LESSON APPLE PICKING 175 Observe the picture carefully. How many people are in it? What is each of the men doing? Which one is picking the fruit? Which one is packing it? In what is he putting it? What will be done with it? What is in the wagon? Did you ever see a ladder like the one in the picture? What are the ladders that you have seen like? Why do they not simply shake the apples down and gather them up? Have you ever helped to pick apples? Did you enjoy it? How many children are in the picture? What is each doing? Which children are interested in watching the work? Which are interested in the feel and taste of the apples? 195. WRITTEN LESSON Write a composition on one of the following subjects : 1. An account of the picture. 2. Picking apples. 3. Gathering cherries (or strawberries, blackberries, blueberries, or some other kind of fruit). 4. Nutting. 5. The fruit and nuts on a push-cart. Make an illustrated booklet of this composition, using your water colors, as in Lesson 131. 196. LANGUAGE LESSON THE ELEMENTS OF A SENTENCE In Part II of this book we have learned something about the way in which sentences are made, and something about the uses of words in the sentences. Every sentence has a sub ject and a predicate. Usually there are other words, some modifiers of the subject and some modifiers of the predicate. Every sentence can be analyzed into the subject and its modifiers and the predicate and its modifiers. The The subject of a sentence is a noun or pronoun. predicate is a verb or verb-group. Adjectives are words modifying nouns. Adverbs are words modifying verbs. Nouns, pronouns, and verbs change their form in order to express changes in meaning. We have studied changes in nouns and pronouns to express number and possession, and changes in verbs to express number and tense. We have also studied with especial care some troublesome verbs, as do, see, may, can, lie, lay, set, teach, learn. Analyze the following sentences, as in Lesson 181: 1. The great fire flames brightly. 2. Our hands and faces burn with the heat. 3. May and I have played in the brook. 4. The dark shadows of the trees gather about the fire. 5. Now we must trudge slowly to our home. 197. ORAL LESSON REVIEW What are the four kinds of sentences? Define each and give an example. Define the complete subject, the complete predicate, the simple subject, the simple predicate. What are modifiers? Make several sentences with subject modifiers ; several with predicate modifiers. Define nouns, common and proper nouns, pronouns, verbs, verb-groups, adjectives, and adverbs. Give examples of each. Explain number, possession, tense. Let several pupils give the substance of Lesson 196. Review Lessons 198. WRITTEN LESSON REVIEW 177 Write a telegram of not over ten words addressed to your father asking him to meet you at a certain time and place. Write a letter to the Macmillan Company, 64-66 Fifth Ave., New York, ordering a copy of this book. If these written exercises are faulty, they are to be corrected and carefully rewritten. 199. LANGUAGE LESSON REVIEW Choose the correct word from the two in each parenthesis: 1. I have (laid, lain) the table for supper. 2. I will (lie, lay) down for a nap. 3. (Were, was) you at home? 4. (Doesn't, don't) he study hard? 5. He (can, may) be excused at four o'clock. 6. She (set, sat) the chair on the porch, and I (set, sat) there in the sunshine. 7. (A, an) old man gave the dog (its, it's) name. 8. I (have, haven't) no money. 9. (Has, have) you (laid, lain) there all the afternoon? 10. I (shall, will) be at home to-morrow. 12. He (shall, will) play ball with her and (I, me). 13. She (doesn't, don't) care for any candy. 14. (They, them) and (we, us) (run, runs) races. 15. (Was, were) you and (he, him) kept after school? 16. He (did, done) a good deal. 17. Between you and (I, me) (sat, set) a very tall girl. 18. Yesterday I (play, played) with (those, them) boys. 19. If you say I (may, can), I will (sit, set) on the sofa. 20. (It's, its) too fine a day for (a, an) umbrella. Make sentences with pronouns for subjects and with may, can, shall, will, sit, set, lie, lay, laid, lain, saw, seen, did, done, in the predicates. N 200. REVIEW CAPITALS AND PUNCTUATION Review the rules for capitals in Lesson 100. All proper nouns begin with capitals. All direct quotations begin with capitals. Review the rules for punctuation in Lessons 100 and 142. What are contractions? abbreviations? Give the rules for the apostrophe. Give the rules for divided quotations. Punctuate and capitalize the following passages: 1. george washingtons birthday is february 22nd oer the grave where our hero we buried 5. a grasshopper half dead with hunger said to an ant, give me a morsel of your corn for i am starving what were you doing all last summer said the ant o i wasnt idle said the grasshopper i was singing all summer long then said the ant laughing since you could sing all summer mr grasshopper you may dance all winter good-by |