EVERLASTING CALENDAR OF POPULAR AMUSEMENTS, SPORTS, PASTIMES,
CEREMONIES, CUSTOMS, AND EVENTS, INCIDENT TO EACH OF THE THREE
HUNDRED AND SIXTY-FIVE DAYS IN PAST AND PRESENT TIMES;

PRINTED FOR THOMAS TEGG, 73, CHEAPSIDE;
R. GRIFFIN AND CO., GLASGOW; ALSO J. CUMMING, DUBLIN.

1832.

200.2

PREFACE.

Alfred the Great was twelve years old before he could read. He had admired a beautifully illuminated book of Saxon poetry in his mother's hands, and she allured him to learn by promising him the splendid volume as a reward. From that hour he diligently improved himself; and, in the end, built up his mind so strongly, and so high, and applied its powers so beneficially to his kingdom, that no monarch of the thousand years since his rule attained to be reputed like Alfred, and called the great. He always carried a book in his bosom, and amidst the great business and hurries of government, snatched moments of leisure to read. In the early part of his reign, he was

Cast from the pedestal of pride by shocks,
Which Nature gently gave, in woods and fields.

Invaded, overwhelmed, and vanquished by foreign enemies, he was compelled to fly for personal safety, and to retreat alone into remote wastes and forests:-"learning policy from adversity, and gathering courage from misery,"

Where living things, and things inanimate

Do speak, at Heaven's command, to eye and ear,
And speak to social reason's inner sense,
With inarticulate language.

-For the man

Who, in this spirit, communes with the forms
Of Nature, who, with understanding heart,
Doth know and love such objects as excite
No morbid passions, no disquietude,
No vengeance, and no hatred, needs must feel
The joy of the pure principle of Love
So deeply, that, unsatisfied with aught
Less pure and exquisite, he cannot choose
But seek for objects of a kindred love
In fellow nature, and a kindred joy.-
-Contemplating these forms,
In the relation which they hear to man,
He shall discern, how, through the various means
Which silently they yield, are multiplied
The spiritual prisoners of absent things,
Convoked by knowledge; and for his delight
Still ready to obey the gentle call.-
Thus deeply drinking in the Soul of Things
We shall be wise perforce; and while inspired
By choice, and conscious that the will is free,
Unswerving shall we move, as if impelled
By strict necessity, along the path
Of order and of good. Whate'er we see,
Whate'er we feel, by agency direct
Or indirect shall tend to feed and nurse
Our faculties, shall fix in calmer seats
Of moral strength, and raise to loftier heights
Of love divine, our intellectual soul.

Alfred became our greatest legislator, and pre-eminently our patriot king: for when he had secured the independence of the nation, he rigidly enforced an impartial administration of justice; renovated the energies of his subjects by popular institutions for the preservation of life, property and order; secured public liberty upon the basis of law; lived to see the prosperity of the people, and to experience their affection for the commonwealth of the kingdom; and died so convinced of their loyalty, that he wrote in his last

will, "The English have an undoubted right to remain free as their own thoughts." It was one of his laws that freemen should train their sons " to know God, to be men of understanding, and to live happily." The whole policy of his government was founded upon "the beginning of Wisdom :" the age was simple, and the nation poor; but the people were happy. Little was known of the arts, and of science less. A monarch's state-carriage was like a farmer's waggon, and his majesty sat in it holding in his hand a long stick, having a bit of pointed iron at the top, with which he goaded a team of oxen yoked to the vehicle.

Ours is an age of civilization and refinement, in which art has arrived to excellence, and science erected England into a great work-house for the whole world. The nation is richer than all the other nations of Europe, and distinguished from them by Mammon-worship, and abject subserviency to Mammon-worshippers; the enormous heaps of wealth accumulated by unblest means; the enlarging radius of indigence around every Upas-heap; the sudden and fierce outbreakings of the hungry and ignorant; and more than all, a simultaneous growth of selfishness with knowledge, are awful signs of an amalgamation of depravity with the national character. Luxury prevails in all classes: private gentlemen live "like lords," tradesmen and farmers like gentlemen, and there is an universal desire to "keep up appearances," which situations in life do not require, and means cannot afford. The getters and keepers of money want more and get more; want more of more, and want and get, and get and want, and live and die-wanting happiness. Thoughtless alike of their uses as human beings, and their final destiny; many of them exhibit a cultivated intellect of a high order, eagerly and heartlessly engaged in a misery-making craft, to which end only they think and conThese Englishmen are not " the English" contemplated by Alfred.

verse.

Life's Autumn past, I stand on Winter's verge,
And daily lose what I desire to keep;
Yet rather would I instantly decline
To the traditionary sympathies

Of a most rustic ignorance

than see and hear

The repetitions wearisome of sense,

Where soul is dead, and feeling hath no place;
Where knowledge, ill begun in cold remark
On outward things, with formal inference ends;
Or if the mind turns inward 'tis perplexed,
Lost in a gloom of uninspired research;
Meanwhile, the Heart within the Heart, the seat
Where peace and happy consciousness should dwell,
On its own axis restlessly revolves,

Yet no where finds the cheering light of truth.

Most of us will find, if we look inward upon ourselves, that we have to unlearn a great deal of what we have learned, before we can gain even a glimpse of approaching satisfaction. Evil indeed must we be, and to the utmost of iniquity, if we do not desire that our children may not be worse for what they learn from us, and gather from their miscellaneous reading. In selecting materials for the Every-Day Book, and Table Book, I aimed to avoid what might injure the youthful mind; and in the Year Book there is something more than in those works, of what seemed suitable to ingenuous thought. For the rest, I have endeavoured to supply omissions upon subjects that the Every-Day Book and the Table Book were designed to include; and, in that, I have been greatly assisted by very kind correspondents to whom I tender respectful thanks for their contributions.

13, Gracechurch-street, January, 1832.

W. HONE.