nomination of one or several candidates. The patronage is exercised by the Judge of the Court.

3. The Audit Office, or department for the verification of the accounts of the army and navy establishments, of the land revenue, of the civil and military establishments in Ireland, and other important branches of the public service. The department is under the control of five Commissioners, who are themselves subordinate to the Treasury Board. The number of junior situations is about seventy, and vacancies to these places are filled by limited competition, on the nomination of the Lords of the Treasury, consisting of the First Lord, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and the three junior Lords.

4. The British Museum. All the appointments in this establishment are in the gift of the three principal trustees, the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Lord Chancellor, and the Speaker of the House of Commons. No arrangement, however, has as yet been come to respecting the examination of candidates who may offer themselves for vacancies.

5. The Charitable Trusts Commission, or department of the public service which has to superintend the proper management and disposal of property left in trust for public charities in England and Wales. The junior situations in this department number about twenty-five, and vacancies to them are filled by nomination from the Commissioners, who are four in number.

6. The Civil Service Commission, instituted by an Order in Council dated May 21, 1855. In this new branch of the public service there are six junior situations, the vacancies to which are filled nominally by the two Commissioners, but practically open to unlimited competition.

7. The Colonial Office, or department of the Secretary of State for the Colonies. There are about thirty-six junior situations at this office, which are filled by limited

competition, depending on nomination by the minister. Besides these appointments, however, the same department has under its control a considerable number of writerships in Ceylon, candidates to which are required to pass, besides the ordinary examination, an additional one in the Cingalese and Tamul languages, after their arrival in the colony.

8. The Colonial Land and Emigration Office, or department for the management of the funds voted by Parliament, or remitted by the various colonies, for the purposes of emigration. There are in this office about fifteen junior situations, vacancies to which are filled by nomination of the two Commissioners.

9. The Committee of Council on Education, or department for superintending the distribution and employment of the funds voted by Parliament for national education in Great Britain. There are about forty junior situations in this office, filled by competitive examination, after nomination by the Lord President of the Council, or the Vice-President.

10. The Copyhold, Inclosure, and Tithe Commission, or department for facilitating the inclosure of all waste lands, for regulating the commutation of tithes, and of rent-fines payable to lords of the manor, and for superintending the advancement of public money for the improvement of land by drainage. There are fourteen junior situations at this office, vacancies to which are filled by nomination of the four Commissioners.

11. The Customs. This department, one of the most important branches of the Civil Service, on account of the large number of persons employed in it, is divided into six great branches, denominated respectively the Secretary's Office, the Solicitor's Office, the ReceiverGeneral's Office, the Comptroller-General's Office, the Inspector-General's Office, and the Examiner's Office. It is stated that the number of officials of all classes employed in this department reaches very nearly six thou

sand, from which may be formed an idea of the great amount and frequency of vacancies in the junior situations. All these are now filled by limited competition, after previous nomination by either the Lords of the Treasury or any of the six Commissioners of Customs.

12. The Duchy of Lancaster, or department for managing the revenues derived from the landed property of the crown in Lancashire (about £40,000 annually). There are nearly sixty persons employed in this office, one half of whom are in junior situations. The patronage is vested in the Chancellor of the Duchy, but no particulars as to examination have as yet been fixed on between him and the Civil Service Commissioners.

13. The Ecclesiastical Commission, or department for regulating ecclesiastical revenues, devising plans for adjusting parishes, and otherwise providing for the efficiency of the Established Church. There are about thirty junior situations at this office, which are filled by nomination of the three Commissioners.

14. The Exchequer Office, or department for controlling and recording the details of the national revenue. There are ten junior situations in this department, filled after nomination by the Lords of the Treasury.

15. The Factory Inspector's Office, or department for superintending the condition and working of the factories, mines, collieries, and other large establishments of the same nature. There are about thirty junior situations, including sub-inspectorships, in this department. Vacancies are filled by nomination from the Secretary of State for the Home Office.

16. The Foreign Office, or department for conducting the relations of the British empire with foreign countries. To it are attached the Diplomatic corps, the

establishment, numbering on the whole between six hundred and seven hundred appointments. About one

fifth of these are junior situations, now filled by limited competition, after previous nomination by the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.

17. The Friendly Societies' Registry, or department for superintending the execution of the laws of Parliament with regard to Friendly Societies. There are five junior situations at this office, filled by nomination of the Commissioners for the Reduction of the National Debt, consisting of the Speaker of the House of Commons, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Master of the Rolls, the Lord Chief Baron of the Court of Exchequer, the Accountant-General of the Court of Chancery, and the Governor and DeputyGovernor of the Bank of England.

18. The General Register Office, or department for recording the births, marriages, and deaths in England and Wales, and preparing the sanatory and other returns pertaining to the subject. The junior situations of this office, to the number of sixty or seventy, are filled by limited competition, after nomination by the Lords of the Treasury.

19. The Home Office, or department for controlling all matters relating to the internal affairs of Great Britain. Attached to it is the jurisdiction over the criminal establishments of the kingdom, the Metropolitan police, and other important branches of the public service. Strictly belonging to the office, however, are only some thirty junior situations, vacancies in which are filled by limited competition, after previous nomination by the Secretary of State for the Home Department.

20. The House of Commons, or chamber of representatives of the nation. This part of the public service is divided into three branches, called respectively, the Department of the Speaker, the Department of the

Clerk of the House, and the Department of the Serjeantat-Arms. There are on the whole nearly a hundred junior situations on the establishment, filled on nomination of the heads of departments, viz., the Speaker, the Clerk of the House, and the Serjeant-at-Arms.

21. The House of Lords, or second branch of the legislature, and highest judicial tribunal in the realm. This department comprises about forty junior situations, vacancies to which are filled by nomination of the Clerk of the Parliaments.

22. The Indian Office, or department for the Government of the Indian empire, established by Act of Parliament of 1858, in lieu of the old East India Company. The office is divided into the Secretariat Department, the Indian Correspondence Department, the Military Department, the Clerks to Committees, the Marine and Transport, the Inspector-General of Stores, the Accountant-General and Cashiers, the Auditors, the Administration, the Wills and Bonds, the Searcher of Records and Statistical Reporter's, and the Writer's Departments. The most extensive of these subdivisions is that of the Indian Correspondence, which is again subdivided into seven secondary departments, viz., the financial, the revenue, the judicial, the educational and ecclesiastical, the political, the railway and electric telegraph, and the public works departments. Each of these departments is headed by a Secretary, and has a staff of clerks of its own, and from the mere list of these offices it may easily be concluded that the number of junior situations must needs be very large. The entire patronage of this vast number of appointments rests with the Secretary of State for India. He has notified, however, to the Civil Service Commissioners that in the case of writerships and other junior situations for India, he will waive his privilege of nomination, so that these are at present entirely thrown open to unlimited competition.