out honor or advantage on any fide, excepting thofe whe were leaft concerned and had nothing to expect.

His Britannic majefty returned to his regal dominions on the twenty-fecond of November, and opened the fecond feffion of parliament on the twenty-ninth, when he acquainted both houfes of the fignatare of the definitive treaty of peace, and declared, that whatever the events of war might have been, the bravery of his troops had diftinguished itself on every occafion, to their lafting honor: and the fignal fucceffes at fea muft ever be remembered to the glory of the British fleet, and intitled it to the particular attention and fupport of the nation." His majeftyearnellly recommended to them the advancement of their commerce, and cultivating, the arts of peace; assuring them, that nothing should be wanting on his part. to make them a flourishing and happy people." Both. houfes congratulated his majefty on the restoration of peace, which was proclaimed at Paris on the first of February 1749, the next day at London, and about the fame time at Vienna, Madrid, and the Hague; at all which places magnificent fire-works were played off on this occafion. Each feemed highly fatisfied with the appearance of a general tranquillity: and, in purfuance of the XIXth article of the definitive treaty, the eldest fon of the pretender to the British throne was obliged to quit the domi nions of France.

As all the military operations were terminated by a general pacification, the contending powers began to reduce their forces. The Britifh nayy was reduced to feventy one fhips of the line, and twenty nine frigates, befides floops and tenders; for which ten thousand feamen were kept in pay. The difbanded forces in the British fervice

confifled

confifted of the ten regiments of marines; with the feven regiments of Bragg, Bruce, Pool, Battereau, Loudon, Shirley, the highland regiment; the forty two additional companies, and one thousand two hundred and eightyeight of the foot-guards; being thirty three thoufand foot; which, with four thousand five hundred cavalry, made the whole reduction thirty feven thoufand five hundred men: fo that only eighteen thousand eight hundred men were continued on the British establishment; eleven thoufand eight hundred and fifty in Ireland; four regiments at Gibralter, and four at Minorca.

the war.

Thus far we have accompanied the DUKE of CUMBERLAND in all his martial toils, from his firft appearance in arms at Dettingen in 1743, to the conclufion of We have attended his fteps in the progress of military glory, feen him ftriving for victory in a most heroic manner at Fontenoy, beheld him triumphant at Culloden, and attempting to gain laurels at Val against the most experienced generals of the age, to whom even opposition was honor, aud over whom conqueft would have been next to immortality. Now let us shift the scene from the horrors of war to the pleafsures of peace; let us now behold the hero dignify the patriot, and the foldier ornament the man; whether near the throne or in the fenate, in the flowery meadow or the fylvan fhade: let us fee him retiring, like another Scipio, from military-pomp and popular acclamation, to enjoy the bleffings of focial friendship and rural happiness.

[1 CHA P. X.

脑

State of the army in 1749; and parliamentary inquiry concerning it. Remarks upon the

conduct of a prince: on SCIPIO and the DUKE of CUMBERLAND. The establishment of his Royal Highnefs's houfhold. Conftitutional queries publicly burnt. The PRINCE of WALES dies. The regency bill. Debate con cerning the continuance of a CAPTAIN-GENERAL in the time of peace.

T

his

HE anniversary of the birth of the DUKE of CUMBERLAND was publicly celebrated, with great rejoicings, on the fifteenth of April 1749, when his Royal Highness entered into the twenty ninth year of age. He retained the rank of captain-general of his majefty's forces, colonel of the first regiment of footguards, and of the fifteenth regiment of dragoons; he was alfo ranger and keeper of Windsor great park, and one of the governors of the royal hofpital at Greenwich.

About this time, an experiment was made at Windfor in firing fome pieces of English and Saxon artillery, before his Royal Highness, the duke of Montague, the duke of Richmond, the earl of Sandwich, and feveral other perfons of quality. It began with two twelve pounders, one English, the other Saxon, by firing at a target of about a foot diameter, at feven hundred yards distance. The English was firft fired; and after repeated trials it appeared, that the Saxon piece not only came nearer to the mark, but carried the balls further without grazing, and forced them deeper into the butt. In the experiment of quick firing, the English piece was twelve minutes in

firing eighty fix times; and the Saxon was difcharged forty fix times in five minutes: on which his Royal High nefs ordered both the guns to be difmounted, and loaded with five pounds of powder each, which broke the Saxon gun; but the English gun ftood the firing afterwards with fix pounders.

The principal officers of his majesty's forces under his Royal Highness the DUKE, as captain-general, were as following field marshal, lord viscount Cobham: generals of horie, Sir Phillip Honeywood, Algernoon earl of Hertford, Sir Robert Rich, baronet, John duke of Montague. Richard viscount Molefworth, and Sir John Ligonier. Generals of foot; lord Mark Ker, Robert Dalzell, Gervais Parker, John earl of Dunmore, and William earl of Harrington: fifty one lieutenant-generals: nine major-generals: two brigadier-generals: feventy one colonels: one hundred and feventy three lieutenantcolonels; and one hundred and fifteen majors. The rank between them and his majesty's fea-officers had been unfettled, and had occafioned feveral difputes prejudicial to the public service until the year 1747, when his Royal Highness the DUKE prevailed on his majefty to fettle their rank in council as follows:

LAND.

Field-marfhal,

SEA.

Admiral and chief comman

der.

Generals of horse or foot, Admirals with flags at the

His majesty's land forces confifted of the two troops of horfe-guards, and two troops of horfe-grenadier guards; five regiments of light horfe; three regiments of dragoon guards; and fifteen regiments of dragoons; three regiments of foot-guards, and fifty fix regiments of foot; befides twenty five independant companies gone with admiral Boscawen in the Eaft-Indies, and twenty five independant companies of invalids to do duty in the garrifons of Great Britain, four companies at New York, three at South Carolina, one at Providence, and one at Bermudas. The phyficians to the army were the doctors Pringle, Wintringham, Clephane and Barker; David Middleton, Efq. furgeon-general; Mr. Adair, Mr. Lawman, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Mitchell, furgeons; and George Guernier, efquire, apothecary general; who were all under the patronage of the DUKE of CUMBERLAND; as were most of the general and field officers, out of whom the principal commanders were felected when his Royal Highness refigned his command.

The firft regiment of foot-guards, of which his Royal Highness was colonel, was raised in 1660, and confifted of three battalions, two of nine companies each, and one of ten; the lieutenant-colonelcy was vacant, but the two majors were Alexander Drury and Samuel Gumley. The fecond, or Coldftream regiment, was commanded by the earl of Albemarle, whofe lieutenant-colonel was

Edward