II. The set 1. This object, which represents a mason's The test of table and not a Nilometer, as a religious emblem symbolizes Osiris the lord of Țettu, great god of the underworld. The meaning of the word teț is "firmness, stability, preservation,” etc. The tet had on it sometimes the plumes, disk and horns, Q, and was painted on mummies and tombs. The amulet itself was placed on the neck of the mummy which it was supposed to protect. Iets are made of faïence, gold, wood gilded, carnelian, lapis-lazuli, and many other substances, although the rubric of the 155th chapter, of which I is the vignette, states that they are to be made of gold. This chapter is entitled :

1
țet

nub
tāțä

хех “Chapter of a tet of gold placed

the neck of

The
Chapter of

the set

re

en

en

er

en

on

Talli

@
urțu
åb tā - k . tu her

к O resting of heart, place thou thyself upon place thy.

ma

it - nå Come 1,

1

Papyrus of Ani, pl. 33; the text given by Naville, Das Todtenbuch, Bl. clxxx., differs from this.

The Vul. ture of Isis.

This chapter was to be “said over a țeț of gold, made of the heart of sycamore wood, which was to be placed on the neck of the mummy.” The țeț enabled the deceased to enter in through the gates of the underworld, and if this chapter were known by him, he would "rise up as a perfect soul in the underworld, he would not be repulsed at the gates there, and cakes would be given to him, and joints of meat from the altars of Rā.”

III. The Vulture. According to the rubric of the 157th chapter of the Book of the Dead, a vulture of gold was to be placed on the neck of the mummy on the day of the funeral ; it was supposed to carry with it the protection of “Mother" Isis. The chapter reads, " Isis has come, she has gone round about the towns, she has sought out the hidden places of Horus in his coming out from the swamp of

His son has stood against evil, he has come into the divine boat, he has commanded the princes of the world, he has made a great fight, he makes mention of what he has done, he has caused himself to be feared and established terror of him. His mother, the mighty lady, makes his protection and brings (?) him to Horus." Amulets of the vulture inscribed with this chapter are very rare. IV. The Collar

. chapter of the Book of the Dead orders a collar of gold to be laid upon the neck of the deceased on the day of the funeral. It was to be inscribed :

papyrus reeds.

nuk

"}

111
uā åm
sefexi

Seb one among the unbandaged ones [who] see Seb.

Do

V. The “Papyrus Sceptre” uat. This amulet is The papy: usually made of mother-of-emerald or of faïence like unto it of Thoth. in colour, and the hieroglyphic word which it represents, puať, means “ verdure, flourishing, greenness," and the like; it was placed on the neck of the deceased, and indicated the eternal youth which it was hoped he would enjoy in the underworld. This amulet was sometimes inscribed with the 159th chapter of the Book of the Dead, where it is described as 8

o uat' en neśem, "an uat' of mother-ofemerald.” The next chapter says that a rounded tablet, on which is a figure of the in relief, is to be placed on the neck of the deceased; it was supposed to be given to him by Thoth, and to protect his limbs.

VI. The Pillow Elly urs.' This amulet is usually made of hæmatite, and is generally uninscribed ; it is a model of the large pillows of wood, alabaster and stone which are placed under the heads of mummies to “lift them up." When inscribed the text is a version of that of the 166th chapter of the Book of the Dead.

No. 20,647 in the British Museum reads :

maātxeru - k triumphest thou

ári

erek what do they against ther,

M

(sic)

ta utu ari nek

Heru net' tef - f (as) has commanded to be done for thee Horus, the avenger of father his

er

1 māk śāt Ausår åri

peru tepu Verily slaughter Osiris maketh at the coming forth of the heads

em

VII. The Heart 10 db. Amulets of the heart are made of carnelian, green jasper, basalt, lapis-lazuli, and many other kinds of hard stone. The heart was considered to be the source of all life and thought, and it was the part of the body that was specially taken care of in mummifying. It was embalmed and put in a jar by itself, and it could not be replaced in the body until it had undergone judgment by being weighed in the balance against ß, representing “ Law.” The heart was symbolised by the scarab, upon which the formulæ relating to the heart were inscribed ; and sometimes a heart amulet was inscribed with one of the chapters of the heart on one side, and a scarab on the other (B.M. No. 8003).

and sometimes neferu 06

Sometimes the heart is human-headed, with the hands crossed over it (B.M. 15,598), and sometimes a figure of the soul, in the shape of a hawk with outstretched wings, is inlaid on one side of it (B.M. No. 8005). The chapters in the Book of the Dead which refer to the heart are the 26th, the

Chapter of giving to a person his heart in the underworld ”; The the 27th, 28th, 29th A,“ Chapter of not allowing the heart of Chapter a person to be taken away from him in the underworld ” , Heart. 29 B, “Chapter of a heart of carnelian;" 30 A, and 30 B,

Chapter of not allowing the heart of a person to be turned away from him in the underworld.” The most important chapter of the heart, and that most commonly found, 29 B, is translated in that portion of this Catalogue which describes the green basalt heart in the Fitzwilliam Museum ; for the text of the others see Naville, Das Todtenbuch, Bll. XXXVII.XLIII.; and for translations see Birch, On formulas relating to the heart, in Aeg. Zeit., 1866, pp. 69, 1867, pp. 16, 54; and Pierret, Le Livre des Morts, pp. 103-114. An interesting example of the heart amulet is described by Birch'; on D ,

and the bennu bird, with the legend

Nuk ba xepera, "I am the soul of Chepera,” and on the other is the common chapter of the heart. The bennu bird or phenix was an emblem of the resurrection.

VIII. The Amulet of Life fànx. This object is found in every material used by the Egyptians for making amulets, and formed a very common ornament for the living and the dead. Necklaces were frequently composed of pendants made in forms of . 1, and "good luck,” were added.

IX. The “Symbolic Eye" or 2. Mo, utat . This amulet was made of glazed faïence, wood, granite, hæmátite, carnelian, lapis-lazuli, gold, silver, and many other materials. Ut'ats are either right or left, and they are also made double or quadruple ; they are sometimes made in

· Catalogue of Egyptian Antiquities in Alnwick Castle, p. 224.