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which words mean, for warlike purposes, ished, and each side allowed to do as it the same thing, the Czar will be obeyed pleases, a remark we recommend to the by all chiefs from the Polar sea to the consideration of American merchants in frontier of Afghanistan. No power can Shanghai. They may not like to be put hinder him except England, and England in prison in heaps every day for doing only by direct alliance with the Shah, or nothing, and forcibly shaven besides. direct force applied through the Shah's We do not wish to believe and do not bedominions. A few score wells sunk, and lieve half the stories repeated by the his Cossacks may ride whither they will. alarmists, but it is quite clear, from the It is a strange, though an explicable sudden and tremendous defeat of the change which has passed over these Chinese Mohammedans in Yunan, a detribes, and indeed all Asiatic sovereign-feat which seems to involve the stampties, and it is difficult to resist the temp- ing-out of their power, that some new tation of speculating whether it will be force, it may be only a new General, but it may also be a new army, has accrued What if permanent. Are Russia and England allied perhaps with Holland, which has a to the Chinese Government. very distinct function to perform in Asia, that Government provided itself with new and has just telegraphed that she means and heavy guns, light steel batteries, a to go on performing it really to mould good desert cavalry, and infantry without these populations for centuries to come, numbers, all taught, as it is quite clear absorbing their wealth, abolishing their Chinese can be taught, to die steadily in politics, and training their people? or is their ranks? Our own Coolie corps did that. Could Europe, with its vast disthe spell laid on these vast multitudes one to cross, again hope to enter which can be removed? As yet the an-tances Pekin? The Anamese might readily swer is in the negative, for no attempt could be more desperately made to shake draw similar help from within China, and the West off than that which is called as to India, nothing can prevent the enthe Mutiny, and none could have been try, if not of great guns, at least of rifles But Eu- and repeating carbines and revolvers. more thoroughly suppressed. rope, nevertheless, has only a moral hold on Asia, which is daily losing its force. We cannot help an uneasy feeling that the moral yoke is giving way; that the East is reckoning with its difficulties, or as it says, its enemies; that it is beginning to feel that if it knew the truth strength might come to it. That clearly is the motive of the Shah's visit to Europe, and though he may go back overwhelmed with the signs of power he sees around him, that was not the effect of England on Azimoollah, the Cawnpore murderer, and we are told is not the effect of recent conflicts on the rulers of China. They are arming in the Western fashion, are mounting, it is stated, steel cannon on the forts of Tientsin, are importing rifles, and are disciplining their troops to strict European obedience under regular officers. Their people in San Francisco, who have been insulted, tortured, and plundered for months, seem suddenly to have been emboldened by tidings from the East, and in an extremely clever remonstrance have warned the municipality that if the Americans will not keep the Treaty neither will the Chinese; that the Treaty will be abol

Lord Napier would have a pleasant chase after Hyder Ali and 50,000 horsemen armed and drilled to use repeating carbines. Even as it is, the people of the Khanates may be taught by some exile the secret of their proper warfare, the use of cavalry to harass and desolate, but not to fight, and may import weapons, particularly revolvers, through the Gulf. There is an ugly little sentence in the Russian official account that the Khan and his cavalry, "over-persuaded by the war-party," have rushed into the desert. One real defeat of the Europeans would enlighten all Asia, and Asia can wait long and quietly for her news. She is now nearly subjugated, and we do not doubt will remain so for a time; but there may be terrible struggles yet, struggles so fierce that the curious federation of Europe which now governs Shanghai may be called into existence to keep Asia down till her education is complete.

The thorough extinction of the white man in China would call Europe to very different work than its present one of squabbling whether dead dynasties are corpses or sacred mummies.

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LAY ME LOW.

LAY me low, my work is done,
I am weary. Lay me low,

Where the wild flowers woo the sun,
Where the balmy breezes blow,
Where the butterfly takes wing,

Where the aspens drooping grow, Where the young birds chirp and sing. I am weary, let me go.

I have striven hard and long
In the world's unequal fight,
Always to resist the wrong,

Always to maintain the right,
Always with a stubborn heart

Taking, giving blow for blow. Brother, I have played my part, And am weary, let me go. Stern the world and bitter cold, Irksome, painful to endure, Everywhere a love of gold,

Nowhere pity for the poor.
Everywhere mistrust, disguise,
Pride, hypocrisy, and show.

Draw the curtain, close mine eyes,
I am weary, let me go.

Others 'chance when I am gone

May restore the battle-call, Bravely lead the good cause on, Fighting in the which I fall. God may quicken some true soul Here to take my place below In the heroes' muster-roll.

I am weary, let me go.

Shield and buckler, hang them up,
Drape the standard on the wall,
I have drained the mortal cup

To the finish, dregs and all.
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Brother, best that we should go.
I'm aweary, let me rest,

I'm aweary, lay me low.

All The Year Round.

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From The Westminster Review.
THE PERSONAL LIFE OF GEOKGE

GROTE.*

THERE are a few men in every age whose privilege and glory it is, while standing aloof from practical politics or taking no prominent share therein, to inform the thoughts and direct the aims of succeeding generations of their countrymen. The influence of such men is often less immediately manifest than that of practical statesmen, but in the end it is wider because it is indirect; and when the history of their time comes to be written it is they who will be regarded as the springs of the legislation and the sources of the progress in which they had perhaps no personal share. It is not given to them to sway senates or to guide the popular will, but it is their nobler task to be teachers of the teachers, and to replenish the fountains of the statesman's wisdom. England has lately lost two such men George Grote, who died two years ago, and John Stuart Mill, whose untimely loss we are all deploring to-day. These two men were trained in the same school of thought, and received the lamp of wisdom from the same hand that of Bentham; they cannot therefore be entirely compared with the two "seminal minds" of the earlier part of the present century, whose eulogy was so eloquently written by one of them many years ago in the pages of this Review;† for while Coleridge and Bentham represented two distinct, and in many respects antagonistic, currents of thought, Grote and Mill, though their lives of activity were in the main divergent, were cast in the same mould, professed the same philosophic faith, and shared the influence of the same great mind. Their works are the main channels through which the influence of Bentham has reached the present generation; and it is perhaps chiefly owing to them that that influence is still so great.

:

occasion in our next issue we shall hope to furnish our readers with an account of his Life and Writings which we shall spare no effort to make worthy of so great a man. But we cannot allow a number of the Westminster Review to appear without at least a passing tribute to the memory of one whose loss, so recent and deplorable, is a calamity not to us only but to England and to the world. One of the keenest intellects and one of the noblest characters which this generation has seen has passed away, and John Stuart Mill sleeps at Avignon by the side of her to whom his own life was offered as a willing sacrifice. But though he was cut off in the maturity of his splendid powers, his work still lives and will live in the thoughts and deeds of many a future generation. To have taught the flower of England's youth; to have revived the study of philosophy in her schools; to have moulded the policy of her greatest dependency; to have guided and ruled the thought of a whole generation in one of the greatest of European states, and to have illumined the path of future progress for many a coming year- this is a task which it is given to few to attempt, to fewer still to accomplish. We who have seen it attempted without a shadow of mean ambition, and accomplished without a trace of ignoble exultation, must for ever cherish the name and exalt the memory of John Stuart Mill.

In the present paper we propose to give some account of the life of the elder of these two men - George Grote, whose History of Greece, together with the supplementary treatise on Plato and the unfinished fragment on Aristotle, is one of the noblest monuments of English scholarship which the present century has produced. The life of George Grote falls naturally into three periods: I. His early life and private history from 1794 to 1833; 2. His parliamentary career from 1833 to 1841; 3. The period of literary production which lasted uninterruptedly from his retirement from ParliaThe Personal Life of George Grote. By Mrs. ment in 1841, and from business in 1843, Grote. Murray: London. 1873. Westminster Review, Aug. 1838. Article on Ben- up to the last months of his life in 1871. tham, by J. S. Mill. We shall dwell at considerable length on

Of John Stuart Mill it is not our purpose to speak at length on the present

the first of these periods because it is the one of which least is known to the world, and in which the seed of that culture which bore so splendid a fruit in later years were sown: but the characteristic note of all three periods is the same, that of strenuous and unfailing devotion to one great purpose; as a friend said in 1865, recalling, perhaps unconsciously, the words of Goethe

Wie das Gestirn

Ohne hast

Aber ohne Rast,

"Grote's intellectual course always seems to me to resemble the progress of a planet through the firmament; never halting, never deviating from its onward path, steadfast to its appointed purpose."

Mrs. Grote has devoted the latter years

a

"It is what I intend to try. You see, unless I give some account of your youth and early manhood, no other hand can furnish the least information concerning it.”

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'Nothing can be more certain-you are the only person living who knows anything about me during the first half of my existence."

This short colloquy ended, the subject was never renewed between us; the historian feeling, as I believe, content to leave his life's story in my hands.

Thenceforth, whenever opportunities and strength allowed of my working at the biogra phy, I did so, and the narrative had advanced, in 1870, as far as the year 1820, when it was unavoidably laid aside for the space of twelve months.

Since the commencement of the year 1872, it has been slowly continued in the intervals of leisure allowed me by my numerous obliga tions; though often arrested by attacks of illness.

ace, ii.-v.

I have given a brief statement of the cause of a not unproductive literary life to the and growth of this modest memoir, to explain preparation of a personal memoir of her to my readers from what motives it came to distinguished husband: of his "intellec- pass that, notwithstanding the difficulties at tual achievements, whether as a His-tending its composition, I had yet sufficient torian, Scholar, Philosopher, or Critic," courage and industry to bring my work to an she does not hold herself entitled to end. When they learn that no other pen could have produced it, they will surely accord to speak-; we are promised however that “ more qualified exposition will supply her this book all the indulgence it needs. — Prefdeficiency in this great field at no distant date." Her work is therefore "The PerThe modesty of the purpose here exsonal History of George Grote," as it is pressed forestalls and disarms criticism; called on the title-page, and its origin is it is difficult, perhaps impossible, to give due to the anxiety expressed by many a very artistic form to the story of a sinfriends of the Historian to have some ac-gularly uneventful life, for which the only count of his early life. Yielding to their available materials are family records, importunity, she began in 1866 to collect such old letters and journals as she had preserved, with the view of weaving them into a biographical form.

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private diaries and familiar letters; and Mrs. Grote has wisely refrained from the attempt. Notwithstanding a certain oldfashioned air of formality which is at times almost grotesque, the style is unpretending and in some cases homely even to bluntness; and if the general result is somewhat lacking in refinement, the defect is redeemed by genuine sincerity of purpose and the frank and undisguised admiration which Mrs. Grote everywhere manifests for the labours and studies of her husband. It is not perhaps inappropriate that the life of a writer whose style was pre-eminently plain and unadorned should be commemorated in an artless and homely narrative.

The founder of the Grote family in

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