Egyptian Phyles in the Old Kingdom: The Evolution of a System of Social OrganizationGroups of part-time workers called phyles served in mortuary cults and work crews during the Old Kingdom in Egypt. This study clarifies their attributes and functioning in these and other institutions, based on the integration of textual and archaeological evidence from the Old Kingdom and the Archaic period preceding it. The arguments suggest that phyles originated in an upper Egyptian social organization dated to the predynastic period, and that they played a more important role than is generally realized in the stability of the early Egyptian state. |
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Page 120
There is no known Egyptian equivalent to this term , but it seems to have been a
very real administrative unit , made up of two “ gangs ” ( O ( prw ) . The pairing of
gang names in temple reliefs that depict workers demonstrates the reality of the ...
There is no known Egyptian equivalent to this term , but it seems to have been a
very real administrative unit , made up of two “ gangs ” ( O ( prw ) . The pairing of
gang names in temple reliefs that depict workers demonstrates the reality of the ...
Page 125
In the following reign of Khufu , the gang seems to have been the most important
unit of organization . The texts inscribed on the side walls of the relieving
chambers of the Great Pyramid name three gangs , each based on a different
form of ...
In the following reign of Khufu , the gang seems to have been the most important
unit of organization . The texts inscribed on the side walls of the relieving
chambers of the Great Pyramid name three gangs , each based on a different
form of ...
Page 127
the pyramid was constructed by gangs whose responsibility was divided between
its northern and southern halves . It should be noted that the blocks marked with
the gang name based on the name Khufu are on a higher course of masonry ...
the pyramid was constructed by gangs whose responsibility was divided between
its northern and southern halves . It should be noted that the blocks marked with
the gang name based on the name Khufu are on a higher course of masonry ...
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Abu Sir Abydos appear Archaic period associated attested blocks boat building Cairo Category Chapter circumcision cited clear clearly column complex connection contains context crews cult determinative discussed division Dynasty early Edel Egypt Egyptian evidence examples fact Fifth figure five followed four Fourth gang given gives Giza Helck Ibid identified indicate inscriptions institutions interpretation jmj-wrt Kaplony king known label Lacau and Lauer later listed Location London marks mastaba mentioned mortuary temple nautical term Neferirkare occur Old Kingdom organization origin papyri parallel perhaps period Petrie phyle name phyle system Posener-Kriéger possible priests probably Pyramid recorded references reign rotation royal Saqqara scene seems served shows side similar simply single spells standards Step Pyramid storerooms strokes suggested tablets texts tomb vols w3dt wr phyle writing written