Egyptian Phyles in the Old Kingdom: The Evolution of a System of Social OrganizationOriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 1991 - 243 pages Groups of part-time workers called phyles served in mortuary cults and work crews during the Old Kingdom in Egypt. This study clarifies their attributes and functioning in these and other institutions, based on the integration of textual and archaeological evidence from the Old Kingdom and the Archaic period preceding it. The arguments suggest that phyles originated in an upper Egyptian social organization dated to the predynastic period, and that they played a more important role than is generally realized in the stability of the early Egyptian state. |
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Page 29
... marks were of a very different nature from the references in tomb reliefs of nautical scenes.74 In any case , the majority of the writings of the nautical term t3 - wr clearly supplement the sign with one or more phonetic complements ...
... marks were of a very different nature from the references in tomb reliefs of nautical scenes.74 In any case , the majority of the writings of the nautical term t3 - wr clearly supplement the sign with one or more phonetic complements ...
Page 49
... marks on the Khufu boat are not references to nautical terms at all but indications of the phyles of workmen responsible for its assembly . These marks would then be analogous to the masons ' marks found on the blocks of the ...
... marks on the Khufu boat are not references to nautical terms at all but indications of the phyles of workmen responsible for its assembly . These marks would then be analogous to the masons ' marks found on the blocks of the ...
Page 125
... mark , 28 but the signs and 1 , which occur frequently , cannot be division marks , as they occur with more than one gang . They probably indicate the orientation of the blocks or some other aid to construction . The distribution of the ...
... mark , 28 but the signs and 1 , which occur frequently , cannot be division marks , as they occur with more than one gang . They probably indicate the orientation of the blocks or some other aid to construction . The distribution of the ...
Contents
INTRODUCTION | 1 |
THE NAMES OF THE PHYLES | 9 |
PHYLES AND SHIPS WATCHES | 41 |
Copyright | |
8 other sections not shown
Common terms and phrases
Abu Sir Abydos appear Archaic period associated attested blocks boat building Cairo Category Chapter circumcision cited clear clearly column complex connection contains context crews cult determinative discussed division Dynasty early Edel Egypt Egyptian evidence examples fact Fifth figure five followed four Fourth gang given gives Giza Helck Ibid identified indicate inscriptions institutions interpretation jmj-wrt Kaplony king known label Lacau and Lauer later listed Location London marks mastaba mentioned mortuary temple nautical term Neferirkare occur Old Kingdom organization origin papyri parallel perhaps period Petrie phyle name phyle system Posener-Kriéger possible priests probably Pyramid recorded references reign rotation royal Saqqara scene seems served shows side similar simply single spells standards Step Pyramid storerooms strokes suggested tablets texts tomb vols w3dt wr phyle writing written