affairs of his lord, following him at all his goings, 'great hearted — in very truth, head of the grandees of the palace, in charge of the seal in the privy office, one whom his lord trusted more than the grandees, who delighted the heart of Horus (the king) with that which he desired, favorite of his lord, his beloved, chief treasurer, in charge of 3the privy office which his lord loved, chief treasurer, first under the king, the revered, Thethi (Tty), says:

Career under Intef I

423D. I was one beloved of his lord, his favorite every day. I passed a long period of years under the majesty of my lord, Horus, Wahenekh, King of Upper and Lower Egypt, 4Son of Re, Intef, this land being under his authority up-river as far as 'Thes] and down-river as far as Thinis; while I was his servant, his subject, his real subordinate. He made me great, he advanced my seat, he set me in his Sconfidential office, in his palace because of --; the treasury was put in my charge (my), under my seal-ring, as one chosen for the sake of every good thing brought to the majesty of my lord, from South and from North at every accounting1; for the sake of pleasing (the king) with the tribute of this whole land; because of his apprehension lest this land diminish that which was brought to the majesty of my lord from the sheiksa who are in the Red Land; and because of his apprehension lest the highlands diminish. Then he gave this (office) to me, recognizing the excellence of my ability. Then I reported it to him; never was anything lacking therein ——1, because of my great wisdom.

423E. I was one who was a real favorite of his lord, a great and favorite official, the coolness and the warmth in the house of his lord, [to whom the arms were drooped (in respect) among the grandees, I did not - behind the two -, for which men are hated. I was one loving good, and hating evil, a character beloved in the house of his lord, attending to every procedure according to the -d of the desire of my lord. Now, at every procedure on account of which he (the king) commanded me to arise 9. I did not exceed

e

cWd, "put, place."

dIf this is ddw, "audience-hall," then šm t, "going" (rendered above "procedure"), is literal, viz., "every going to the audience-hall at the desire, etc."

The following

eWhen the king dismissed him, the court arose as he went out. dozen obscure words indicate the compliments of the court as Thethi passed out.

the numbera which he commanded me; I did not put one thing in the place of anotherbr 10-1 I did not take a thing from a legacy, (but) every procedure was attended to. Now, as for all royal food which the majesty of my lord commanded to give to him, I made for it a list of all that his ka desired; then I rendered it to him; I carried out successfully all their administration; never "was a thing lacking therein, because of my great wisdom.

Death of Intef I

423F. I made a barge for the city, and a boatd for following my lord. I was counted with the grandees at every time of — —1, while I was honored and great. I supplied 'myself —] 12with my own things, which the majesty of my lord gave to me because he so greatly loved me, (even) Horus, Wahenekh, King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Son of Re, Intef (I), living like Re, forever; until he journeyed to his horizon (tomb).

Career under Intef II

423G. Then, when his son assumed his place, 13 (even) Horus, Nakhtneb-Tepnefer, King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Son of Re, Intef (II), fashioner of beauty, living like Re, forever, I followed him to all his good seats of pleasure. Never did he therein, because of

my great wisdom. He gave me the function 14which I had in the time of his father, making it to prosper under his majesty, without anything being lacking therein. I passed all my time on earth, as first under the king, his subject; being mighty and great under his majesty. I was one fulfilling his character, whom his lord praised every day.

In treasury business.

bPerhaps meaning that in the count he did not substitute less valuable for more valuable things.

eOne for official use at Thebes, and another for use when the king was on a journey.

fThis is the brick pyramid-tomb on the western plain of Thebes, containing his mortuary stela (§§ 421, 422), the same tomb which the Ramessid inspectors investigated a thousand years later than this and found uninjured (IV, 514). It has now disappeared.

REIGN OF NIBHOTEP-MENTUHOTEP I

TEMPLE FRAGMENTS FROM GEBELENa

423H. These scanty fragments tell a remarkable story, not yet noticed, as far as I know, in any of the histories. The first block bears the Horus-name of the king, and thus identifies him as Nibhotep-Mentuhotep (I). It represents him smiting an enemy bearing the inscription: "Chief of Tehenu and 1" The second block represents the king again smiting the enemy, four in number. The king bears the inscription: "Son of Hathor, Mistress of Dendera, Mentuhotep." The first enemy is without inscription, but represents an Egyptian! The other three are designated as: "Nubians, Asiatics (sṭtyw), Libyans. Over the whole is the inscription: "Binding the chiefs of the Two Lands, capturing the South and Northland, the highlands and the two regions, the Nine Bows and the Two Lands" (sic!). The king makes no distinction between his victories over foreign foes and his conquest of Egypt itself, and actually places the figure of the conquered Egyptian among those of the barbarians on the temple wall. Mentu

a Inscribed blocks, now in Cairo, from a temple of Mentuhotep I at Gebelen, which had been rebuilt into a Ptolemaic temple wall. They have been very inaccurately published by Daressy (Recueil, XIV, 26, and XVI, 42); much better by Frazer (Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archæology, XV, 409, Pl. XV). Fortunately, I also found Erman's copy of them among the Lexicon manuscripts. bThe Intef-custom of putting "Son of Re" within the cartouche is observable here.

cOverlooked by Daressy; and seemingly not identified by Frazer.

dOf these three, the first two are the same in appearance; the Libyan as usual wears a feather. They symbolize the foes of Egypt on south, east, and west, in harmony with the same king's inscription on the Island of Konosso (Lepsius, Denkmäler, II, 150, b= de Morgan, Catalogue des monuments, 73, 44) which states: "all countries are beneath his feet."

hotep I therefore acquired the land of Egypt by conquest, and made no effort to conceal the source of his title by pretense to legitimacy. It was evidently this conquest which overthrew the Heracleopolitans of the Tenth Dynasty. Hence the reign of Mentuhotep I marks the conclusion of the war with the North. The place of his reign is clearly after Intef II, and before the last three Mentuhoteps who controlled the whole country."

aSchaefer states that similar representations were found by Borchardt in the temple of Nuserre at Abusir. The conception may therefore be more general than I have supposed above. See also Papyrus Anastasi II, II, 7, for similar statements concerning Ramses II.

REIGNS OF INTEF III AND NIBKHRURE

MENTUHOTEP II

RELIEFS NEAR ASSUAN

424. The Intef whom we have called the third, appears in no other monuments which can be identified as his, because we do not know his other names. He can hardly be the same as the preceding Intef II, from whom he is separated by Mentuhotep I. He was obliged to give way to another member of the family, Mentuhotep II, who permitted him to reign as a vassal.

425. The most important of Mentuhotep II's monuments a is the relief on the rocks at Shatt er-Regâl, near Assuan, where, accompanied by his mother, a lady not of royal lineage, he receives the homage of this vassal, King Intef, who is ushered into the royal presence by Mentuhotep II's chief treasurer, Kheti. This Kheti was an important officer, who appears again on the rocks near Assuan in the presence of Mentuhotep II, with the following inscription:c

426. Year 41, under (the majesty of) Nibkhrure (Nb-hrw-R), came the wearer of the royal seal, sole companion, chief treasurer, Kheti, born of Sitre,e triumphant; and ships to Wawat -—1.

aSee list, Maspero, Dawn, 462, n. 1.

bProceedings of the Society of Biblical Archæology, 1881, 99, 100; Petrie, Season in Egypt, XVI, 489; not in de Morgan, Catalogue des monuments; Dawn, 463.

cPetrie, Season in Egypt, VIII, No. 213. I had also a photograph, kindly loaned me by Professor Petrie.

dHis highest date, “year 46,” is on the tablet of Meru at Turin (No. 1447, Catalogue Turin, I, 117).

*This Kheti may be the same as Kheti II at Assiut. See $405, and § 414, 1. 38, note.