A.D. 470 472 475 490 496 499 Institution of the Rogations by St. Mamertius, bishop of St. Sidonius Apollinaris, bishop of Clermont. St. Avitus, bishop of Vienne. Clovis embraces Christianity. Conference held at Lyons, in the presence of Gondebaud, king of Burgundy, between the Catholic and Arian bishops. St. Cesaire, bishop of Arles. Council of Agde. Sigismond, a Burgundian prince, abandons Arianism. Council of Epaone, in the diocess of Vienne. Council of Orange. 501 506 510 511 517 529 543 Introduction of the rule of St. Benedict into Gaul. Re form and progress of monasteries. Monastic life receives the name of religio. St. Germain, bishop of Paris. St. Gregory, bishop of Tours. St. Senoch, and several other hermits, render themselves celebrated by their austerities. Childebert II., king of Austrasia, obliges the Jews to re Arrival of St. Colomban in Gaul. He founds the monastery of Luxeuil. 590-600 Disorder in the monasteries. Impostors overrun Gaul, and give themselves out to be Christ. 600-650 Progressive incorporation of the monks into the clergy. Council of Paris. 615 625 626 628 638 639 Clotaire II. allows to the people and clergy the right of electing bishops, reserving to himself the confirmation of their choice. Council of Reims. St. Amand, a missionary bishop, labors at the conversion Dagobert I obliges the Jews to receive baptism. St. Eloy, bishop of Noyon. 639 St. Ouen, bishop of Rouen. 640-660 Foundation of numerous monasteries. 650 658 Council of Châlons. Saint Leger, bishop of Autun. Progress of the temporal power of the bishops. A.D. 670-700 Preaching of Anglo-Saxon and other monks, sustained by the mayors of the palace of Austrasia, amongst the people beyond the Rhine, such as the Saxons, the Frisons, the Danes, &c. Tyranny of the bishops over the monasteries-Charters obtained by the monasteries-Protection afforded them by the kings and popes. 715-755 Preaching and institutions of Saint Boniface in Germany-Foundation of the bishoprics of Salzburg, Freysingen, Ratisbon, Wurtzburg, Passau, Eichstadt, &c. 720-741 Charles Martel seizes a part of the domains of the clergy. 739-752 Relations of the popes with Charles Martel and Pepin le Bref. 743 Council of Leptines. 751-800 Progress of the papacy by means of its alliance with Pepin and Charlemagne. 752 755 761 Council of Wermerie. Council of Verneuil. Pepin le Bref gives to the church of Rome the dominions taken from the Lombards. Recommencement of the dispute upon dogmatical questions-reform of the church by the civil power. 761-763 Establishment and rule of the canons by Chrodegaud, bishop of Metz. 767 Council of Gentilly. 769 772 774 780 785 786 Charlemagne interdicts the abuse of the right of asylum in the churches. Pope Adrian I. gives a collection of canons to Charle- Charlemagne extends Pepin's donation to the church of Benedict d'Aniane undertakes the reform of monastic Theodulf, bishop of Orleans. Especial bishops established in certain monasteries. 790-794 Condemnation of the worshipping of images by the Gallo-Frankish church-Caroline works composed on this subject by Alcuin, and sent to the pope by the order of Charlemagne. 790-799 Heresy of the adoptians-Opposed by Alcuin, and condemned by the Gallo-Frankish church. 798 809 813 816 817 Leidrade, archbishop of Lyons. The Gallo-Frankish church adopts the doctrine, that the Rules of canons and canonesses adopted at the council Reform of the monasteries ordered by a council of abbots and monks held at Aix-la-Chapelle. 820-877 Progress of the independence and temporal power of the bishops-Decline of royalty. A.D. 823-824 Proofs of the right of the emperor of the west to interfere in the election of the popes. 826 Harold and his wife, Danish princes, with their suite, are baptized in the palace of Louis le Debonnaire. About 830. Ideas and attempts of Agobard, archbishop of Lyons, after the example of Claude, bishop of Turin, to reform the abuses of the church, particularly the worship of relics and the adoration of images. 831-865 The writings of Paschase-Radbert give rise to a controversy upon transubstantiation and the immaculate conception. 833 835 836 Council of Compiegne. Council of Thionville. Council of Aix-la-Chapelle. 840-877 Progress of the papal power at the expense, 1st, of the power of temporal sovereigns; 2d, of the power of the bishops and the national churches-Relations of Nicholas I. with the government of the Gallo-Frankish church. About 843 Appearance of the False Decretals. 844 Council of Thionville. 845-882 Hincmar, archbishop of Reims. 847-861 Saint Prudentius, archbishop of Reims. 849-869 Controversy upon predestination and grace-Contest between Gottschalk and Hincmar. 852-875 Saint Remy, archbishop of Lyons. 853 Council of Soissons. 853-866 Affair of Wulfad and the other priest ordained by Ebbo, archbishop of Troyes. 856-869 Affair of the divorce of Lothair and Teutberge. 858 Letters of counsel and reproach from the bishop of Gaul to Louis le Germanique. 862-866 Affair of Rhotade, bishop of Soissons. 869-878 Affair of Hincmar, bishop of Laon. 876 Ansegise, archbishop of Sens, is instituted primate of Gaul and Germany by pope John VIII. 887 909 910 912 Council of Pontion. Council of Mayence. Council of Trosley. Foundation of the abbey of Cluny by William the Pious, duke of Aquitaine. Rollo and a great number of Normans embrace Christianity. 926-942 Saint Odo, bishop of Cluny, reforms his monastery and several others, which being authorized by the pope, unite in one congregation-First example of common government in a monastic order. 943 991 993 Struggle between the Christian Normans and the Nor- Gerbert, archbishop of Reims, pope in 999. A.D. Towards the end of the century. Odillo, abbot of Cluny, institutes the feast of All Souls. The popes declare themselves more and more the adver- Private individuals rise against abuses and superstitions, amongst others, Leutard, in the environs of Châlonssur-Saone. The monasteries labor to escape from the jurisdiction of the bishops. VI. Chronological Table of the principal Events of the Literary History of Gaul, from the Fifth to the Tenth Century. |