Name.

Date.

Condition in
Life.

Works.

tiation and predes

tination.

Gottschalk, of Died in 869. Monk at Orbais. Writings on predes

tination.

Saxon origin.
Otfried. Died about 870. Monk at Weis- A paraphrased trans-

Milon.

semburg.

lation of the Gospel, in German rhymed verse.

Died in 872. Monk at Saint Poems; amongst

Amand.

others, a poem on sobriety, dedicated to Charles le Chauve; and a pastoral entitled, the Combat of Winter and Spring. Several philosophical works: 1. On divine predestination; 2. On the division of nature; 3. The translation of the pretended! writings of Dionysius the Areopagite.

A great martyrology.

Archbishop of Theological works;
Lyons.

amongst others, on predestination and free will.

1. Theological writings; 2. A universal chronicle. An extensive collection of canons. The life of St. Germain d'Auxerre, in verse, in six books. 1. Theological writings; amongst others, on predestination; 2. Political writings and counsels; 3. Letters. The annals of St. Bertin, by several writers, in part by

Remy in Bur-Died about 908. Monk at St. Ger-1. Commentaries on

Died in 915. Abbot of Prüm. 1. A chronology from

Died about 924. Monk at Saint A poem on the siege

About the end Schoolmaster of

Died in 992. Abbot of Mon-1. A treatise on the

tier en Der.

Adson, in

Transjuran

Burgundy.

Arnoult.

Chronological Table of the Councils and Canonical Legislation of Gaul, from the Fourth to the Tenth Century..

1 It will be at once seen that in this abstract I have only inserted

the most important of the canons.

Object of the Council, Rules, &c.

That the faithful who become governors of provinces receive letters of communion, in order that the bishop of the place they inhabit may be able to watch, and excommunicate them, if they act contrary to the discipline.

That the priests and deacons who quit the places assigned to them, shall be deposed.

The council orders that Easter should be celebrated everywhere the same day; excommunicates those who carry arms in time of peace, usurious clerks, and calumniators; forbids deacons to celebrate the office; orders that abso-1 lution shall be received in the same place where excommunication was pronounced; forbids bishops to encroach reciprocally on their rights, and interdicts to the deacons of towns the power of doing anything without the consent of the priests.

Euphratus, bishop of Cologne, having denied the divinity of Jesus Christ, the faithful and clergy of Cologne denounce him as a heretic, and he is condemned and de-! posed.

This council, at which the emperor Constantius assisted, and the Arians prevailed, deposed Paul, bishop of Trèves, who would not sign the condemnation of Saint Athanasius.

This council, convoked by Saturnin, bishop of Arles, and which decided nothing, banished Saint Hilary, bishop of Poictiers, to Phrygia.

This council condemned the Arian formula adopted at Sirmium.

This council condemned the

Object of the Council, Rules, &c. Arian formula of Rimini; communicated this resolution to the bishops of the east, and excommunicated Saturnin, bishop of Arles.

Rules.-It is forbidden to confess a crime, whether true or false, in order to escape from holy orders. The council forbids the ordaining those who have been twice married, or who have married a widow. It excommunicates virgins consecrated to God if they marry, and those who, after their baptism, sacrifice to demons, or make use of pagan purifications.

This council was held at the request of Ithace against the Priscillianists. Instantius was deprived of his bishopric; Priscillian appealed to the emperor, who put him to death.

This council declared Ithace absolved from the death of the Priscillianists, Saint Martin there communicated with him, for which he never forgave himself.

This council treated only of affairs of discipline, and the pretensions to primacy of the bishops of Marseilles, as well as the rivality of the bishops of Vienne and Arles.

Rules.-That no bishop shall receive a clerk of another bishop and ordain him for himself. That no one who has been rejected

1 We have, as usual, preferred the date of Sirmond to that of Labbe, because the events of these two councils clearly prove, that that of Bordeaux must have taken place before that of Trèves. I can only conclude that Sulpicius Severus deceived himself, when he said that after the year 384 St. Martin was present at no council or, which is very possible, it is an error of the copyist.