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CONTENTS.
TWENTY-FIRST LECTURE.
Object of the lecture-Of capitularies in general-Review of the capitula-
ries of the Carlovingian Frank kings-Of the two forms under which
the capitularies have descended to us-Scattered capitularies-Collection
of Angesise and of the deacon Benedict-Of the edition of the capitula-
ries by Baluze-Erroneous idea generally entertained as to capitularies
-They are not invariably laws-Great variety in these acts-Attempt
at classification-Table of contents of the capitularies of Charlemagne :
1. Moral legislation-2. Political legislation-3. Penal legislation-4.
Civil legislation-5. Religious legislation-6. Canonical legislation-7.
Domestic legislation-8. Incidental legislation-True character of the capitularies .
p. 9
TWENTY-SECOND LECTURE.
Of intellectual decay in Frankish Gaul, from the fifth to the eighth cen-
tury-Of its causes-It ceases under the reign of Charlemagne-Diffi-
culty of describing the state of the human mind at this epoch-Alcuin
is its most complete and faithful representative-Life of Alcuin-His la-
bors for the restoration of manuscripts--For the restoration of schools-
His teaching in the school of the palace-His relations with Charle-
magne-His conduct as abbot of Saint Martin of Tours-His works:
1. Theological; 2. Philosophical and literary; 3. Historical; 4. Poeti-
cal-His general character
TWENTY-THIRD LECTURE.
p. 18
Classification of celebrated men of the age of Charlemagne: 1. Leidrade,
archbishop of Lyons-His letter to Charlemagne upon what he has done
in his diocese-2. Theodulph, archbishop of Orleans-His measures for
the instruction of the people-His poem entitled Exhortation to Judges
3. Smaragde, abbot of Saint Michael-His treatise of morality for
kings, entitled Via Regia-4. Eginhard-His alleged marriage with a
daughter of Charlemagne-Their relations-Of what happened after
the death of this prince-His letters-His Life of Charlemagne-Re-
capitulation
p. 55
TWENTY-FOURTH LECTURE.
The progress and causes of the dismemberment of the empire of Charle-
magne-1. State of this empire in 843, after the treaty of Verdun—
Inferior state of the kingdom of France at this epoch-2. In 888, after
the death of Charles le Gros-Seven kingdoms-Definitive establish-
ment of the inheritance of fiefs in France-Twenty-nine small states,
or important fiefs, founded at the end of the ninth century-3. In 987,
at the fall of the Carlovingians-Four kingdoms-In France, fifty-five
important fiefs-Explanation of this dismemberment-Their insufficiency
-One only, the diversity of races, developed by M. Thierry, is proba-
ble, but incomplete-The true cause is the impossibility of a great state
at that epoch, and the progressive rise of the local societies which form-
ed the feudal confederation
TWENTY-FIFTH LECTURE.
p. 75
History of legislation from the death of Charlemagne to the accession of
Hugh Capet-Necessity of precisely determining the general character-
istics of the legislation at the two terms of this epoch, in order to under-
stand properly its progress during its course-1. State of the legislation
under Charlemagne-It is personal, and varies according to races-The
church and the imperial power give it some unity-2. State of the legis-
lation after Hugh Capet-It is territorial; local customs have replaced
national laws-All central legislative power has disappeared-3. History
of legislation in Frankish Gaul between these two terms-Analytical
tables of the capitularies of Louis le Débonnaire, Charles le Chauve,
Louis le Begue, Carloman, Eudes, and Charles le Simple--Comparison
of these tables according to the figures only-Comparison of the provi-
sions of the capitularies-General results of this inquiry
TWENTY-SIXTH LECTURE.
p. 93
Object of the lecture-Internal history of the Gallo-Frankish church, from
the middle of the 8th century to the end of the 10th--Anarchy which
pervaded it in the first half of the 8th century-Twofold principle of
reform-The reformation is actually undertaken by the first Carlovin-
gians: 1. By the civil power; 2. By the ecclesiastical power-Special
reforms-Order of Canons-Its origin and progress-Reformation of the
monastic orders by Saint Benedict d'Aniane-They change character-
Preponderance of the temporal power in the Gallo-Frankish church at
this epoch-Proofs-Still the church progresses towards its future pre-
ponderance-But it is not to the profit of its own government, of the
bishops of France, that this progress is to turn
p. 109
TWENTY-SEVENTH LECTURE.
History of papacy-Peculiar situation of the city of Rome-Relations of
the popes about the middle of the eighth century, with the Italian, Span-
ish, Anglo-Saxon, Gallo-Frankish, and Germanic churches-Their al-
liance with the early Carlovingians-Advantages which they drew
from it-Donation of Pepin and of Charlemagne-Sovereignty of the
Carlovingian emperors over the popes-Uncertainty of the ideas, and
incoherency of the facts concerning the rights of papacy-It increas-
es more and more in minds-It apparently acquires a legal title-False
decretals-Nicholas I.-His character-Affair of the marriage of Lo-
thaire and of Teutberge-Affair of Rhotarde, bishop of Soissons-Tri-
umph of papacy: 1. Over temporal sovereigns; 2. Over national churches
-Its decided preponderance in the west
TWENTY-EIGHTH LECTURE.
p. 127
Of the intellectual condition of Frankish Gaul, from the death of Charle-
magne to the accession of Hugh Capet-Sketch of the celebrated men
of this period-The theological mind-The philosophical mind-Hinc-
mar and John Erigena are respectively their representatives-Life of
Hincmar-His activity and influence as archbishop of Rheims-1. Con-
cerning his relations with kings and popes--2. Concerning his admin-
istration in the interior of the Gallo-Frankish church and of his diocese
-3. Concerning his disputes and theological works-Origin of the the-
ology of the middle ages-Quarrel between Hincmar and the monk
Gottschalk upon predestination-Numerous writings upon this subject
-Councils of Kiersy, Valence, and Langres-Recapitulation
TWENTY-NINTH LECTURE.
p. 144
Object of the lecture Of the philosophical spirit in the 9th century-
Scotus or Erigena-His country-Date of his birth-Tradition respect-
ing his travels in Greece-He settles in France at the court of Charles
le Chauve-Of the School of the Palace under Charles-Ancient philo-
sophy studied there--Encouragement of Scotus Erigena-His learn-
ing-Relations of Christianity with the Neoplatonism of Alexandria—
Their struggle-Attempt at Amalgamation-History and pretended
works of Dionysius the Areopagite-Fundamental differences of the two
doctrines: 1, in the point of departure and the method; 2, in the bases
of the questions-These differences occur between Scotus Erigena and
the Christian theologians of the 9th century-Examination of his works:
1, De Prædestinatione: 2, De Divisione Naturæ-His celebrity and his
death-Recapitulation
THIRTIETH LECTURE.
p. 166
General summary of the course-Extent and variety of subjects-The his-
tory of civilization, its price-It is the result of all partial histories-Uni-
ty and variety of the existence of a people-Three essential elements
in French civilization, Greco-Roman antiquity, Christianity, Germany
-1. Of the Roman element, from the 5th to the 10th century-Under
a social point of view-Under an intellectual point of view-2. Of the
Christian element, from the 5th to the 10th century-Under a social
point of view-Under an intellectual point of view-3. Of the German-
ic element, from the 5th to the 10th century--Under a social point of
view-Under an intellectual point of view-Two principal facts charac-
terize this epoch: 1. The prolongation, more or less apparent, but every-
where real, of Roman society and its influence-2. The disorderly and
indeterminate fermentation of the different elements of modern civili-
zation-Conclusion
p. 189
ILLUSTRATIONS AND HISTORICAL TABLES
I. Table of the organization of the court, and of the central govern-
ment of the Roman empire at the commencement of the fifth
century
p. 203
II. Table of the hierarchy of ranks and titles in Roman society at
the same epoch
III. Narrative of the embassy sent in 449 by Theodosius the Younger,
emperor of the east, to Attila, established on the banks of the
Danube
209
211
IV. Chronological table of the principal events of the political history
of Gaul, from the fifth to the tenth century
230
VII. Table of the councils and canonical legislation of Gaul, from
the fifth to the tenth century
V. Chronological table of the principal events in the ecclesiastical
history of Gaul, from the fifth to the tenth century.
VI. Chronological table of the principal events of the literary history
233
237
246