CHAPTER XIX.

President Polk, p. 1354-Relations between the United States and Mexico, 1354-Annexation of Texas, 1355-Preparations for War, 1355—Bargain with Santa Anna and its Results, 1355— Army of Occupation in Texas, 1356-General Taylor and Troops on the Rio Grande, 1357Generals Ampudia and Taylor, 1357-Fort Brown Constructed, 1357-First Bloodshed, 1357 -A Mexican Force in Texas, 1357-Attack on Fort Brown, 1358-Battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma, 1358-General Taylor Enters Mexico, 1360-Declarations of War by the Two Governments, 1360-Plan of a Campaign, 1360-Siege and Capture of Monterey, 1361— Santa Anna in Mexico, 1361-General Wool in Mexico, 1361-Conquests by the Navy, 1362— General Scott calls for Taylor's Troops, 1362-Battle of Buena Vista, 1363-Movements of General Taylor, 1365-Events in Northern Mexico, 1365-Conquest of New Mexico and California, 1366.

CHAPTER XX.

Capture of Vera Cruz, p. 1368-March Toward the Capital of Mexico, 1369—Battle of Cerro Gordo, 1369-Flight of Santa Anna, 1369-Capture of Jalapa, Perote, and Pueblo, 1370—A Wonderful Campaign, 1370—March over the Cordilleras, 1371-Peace Propositions Rejected, 1373--Defences of the Mexican Capital, 1373-Battles near that City, 1373-Conquest of the Empire, 1374—Treaty of Peace, 1375—Gold Found in California, 1376—Results of the War with Mexico, 1376-Election and Inauguration of General Taylor as President of the Republic, 1376 -California Seeks Admission into the Union, 1378—Violent Debates on the Subject of Slavery, 1378-Its Temporary Settlement by a Compromise, 1378-Death of President Taylor, 1379— Accession of President Fillmore, 1379-Compromise Bills Passed, 1379-Invasion of Cuba, 1380.

CHAPTER XXI.

The Mormons: their Origin and Progress, p. 1381-The Fugitive Slave Law, 1383-Invasion of Cuba, 1383-Territory Bought of the Indians, 1384-Enlargement of the Capitol, 1384— Kossuth and his Cause, 1384-Disputes about Fisheries, 1385-Relations with Japan, 1385— Tripartite Treaty, 1385-The Ostend Conference, 1386—President Pierce and his Cabinet, 1386 -Exploring Expeditions, 1387-Union Pacific Railroad, 1387-The Sandwich Islands, 1387Our Foreign Relations, 1388-Kansas and Nebraska Territories, 1388-Controversy about Slavery, 1388-Difficulties with Spain, 1388-Raids in Central America, 1389-War with Indians, 1390-Violation of Neutrality Laws, 1390-Conflict between Freedom and Slavery, 1390— Political Struggles in Kansas, 1390-A State Constitution Adopted, 1391-Violence in Kansas, 1391-Political Parties, 1391.

A New Era, p. 1395-Skirmishes before the Civil War, 1396-The Democratic Party, 1396The Dred Scott Decision, 1397-Action of the Supreme Court of the United States, 1397-Early Efforts to Restrict Slavery, 1398-Slaves in England, 1398-The Status of Slavery here, 1399— President Buchanan's Course Foreshadowed, 1400-Civil War in Kansas and Civil Government there, 1400-Lecompton Constitution Adopted and Rejected, 1401-Admission of Kansas as a State, 1401-A Judicial Decision Practically Reversed, 1402-Reopening of the African SlaveTrade and Action concerning it, 1402-Working of the Fugitive Slave Law, 1405-Action of State Legislatures, 1405-Troubles with the Mormons, 1406.

CHAPTER II.

Public Quiet Broken by John Brown's Raid, p. 1407—Incidents of that Raid and its Effects, 1408-The Republican Party, 1409-A Pretext for Revolution, 1410-Convention of Democrats at Charleston, 1411-Disruption of the Democratic Party, 1413-Incidents of the Plan, 1413— Nominations for President, 1414-Principles of the Parties, 1415-Lincoln Elected, 1417Action of the Southern Politicians, 1417-Yancey's Mission, 1417-Fatal Power of the Politicians, 1417.

CHAPTER III.

The Pretext for Disunion, p. 1419-True Reasons, 1419-State-Rights Associations, 1421— Desires for a Royal Government and Aristocratic Privileges, 1421-Early Preparations for Disunion, 1422-Secret Conferences, 1422-Sentiments of Virginians, 1422-Congratulatory Despatches on Lincoln's Election, 1423-Excitement in Charleston, 1424-Public Offices Abdicated, 1424-A State Convention Authorized, 1424-Secret Doings of Secessionists, 1425Movements in South Carolina, 1425-State Supremacy and its Effects, 1426-Events in Georgia, 1426-Toombs and Stephens, 1427-Movements toward Secession in Various States, 1427Southern Methodists, 1427-Initial Steps for Disunion in South Carolina, 1428-Dishonorable Propositions, 1428-Vigilance Committees, 1429-Secession Assured, 1429.

CHAPTER IV.

Secession Convention in South Carolina, p. 1430-Proceedings of the Convention, 1430— Ordinance of Secession Adopted, 1431-Public Excitement, 1431-Signing the Ordinance, 1432 -Anxiety of the Loyal People, 1432-Secretary Cobb's Schemes, 1433-President's Message,

its Tone and Reception, 1434-The Attorney-General's Opinion, 1434-Movements of the People and the Clergy, 1436-Proceedings in South Carolina, 1437-Declaration of Independence, 1437-Nationality of South Carolina Proclaimed, 1437-Events in Charleston Harbor, 1438-Secretary Floyd's Treachery, 1439-Transfer of Troops to Fort Sumter, 1439-The Secessionists Foiled, 1441-Floyd Succeeded by Holt, 1441.

CHAPTER V.

Heroism of Major Anderson, p. 1442-His Wife and Peter Hart, 1442-Robbery in the Interior Department, 1443-Flight of Secretary Floyd, 1443-Cabinet Changes, 1443-South Carolina Commissioners in Washington, 1444-Attempt to Reinforce and Supply Fort Sumter, 1444-Inauguration of Civil War at Charleston, 1444-Language of the Politicians, 1445-The People Bewildered, 1446-Fate of Leaders, 1446-" Secession " in other States, 1447-Seizure of Public Property, 1448-Northern Sympathizers, 1447-Plan of the Secessionists, 1448— Dix's Order, 1448-Action in the Border States, 1449-Concessions, 1449-Peace Convention, 1449-Adams's Proposition, 1449-Convention at Montgomery, 1450-Establishment of a Southern Confederate Government, 1452.

CHAPTER VI.

Lunacy, p. 1454-Yielding to Necessity, 1454-Wild Dreams of the Future, 1455-Boasting, 1455-The Confederates Prepare for War, 1455-Permanent Constitution Adopted, 1455— Adjournment of the Montgomery Convention, 1455-Principles of the New Government Expounded, 1456-Lincoln and Davis, 1456-Lincoln's Journey to the Capital, 1457-Narrative of his Escape, 1458-His Inauguration and Inaugural Address, 1460-Duties of the Adminis tration, 1461-Condition of the Army and Navy, 1462-Benton's Prophecy, 1462-Confederate Commissioners at the Capital, 1463-The Virginians, 1464-Attempt to Relieve Fort Sumter and the Result, 1464.

CHAPTER VII.

Virginians in Charleston, p. 1466-A Cry for Blood, 1466-Events in Charleston, 1467Siege of Fort Sumter, 1467-Incidents of the Struggle, 1468-Evacuation of the Fort, 1469Joyful Feelings in Charleston, 1470-Gratitude of the Loyal People Displayed, 1470-Honors to Major Anderson, 1470-Attempts to Capture Fort Pickens, 1470-Honors to Lieutenant Slemmer, 1472-President's Call for Troops, 1473-Responses to the Call, 1473-Uprising of the Loyal People, 1474-Boastings of the Northern Press, 1475-A Fatal Mistake, 1476— Interpretations of Scripture, 1476-Proclamations and Counter-Proclamations, 1476-Privateering Recommended to the Confederates, 1477-Action of the Confederate Congress, 1477Privateers Commissioned, 1477.

CHAPTER VIII.

The Virginia Convention, p. 1478-Union Sentiments Suppressed by Violence, 1479-Ordinance of Secession Passed, 1479-Bad Faith, 1479-Virginia Annexed to the Confederacy, 1479 -The People Disfranchised, 1480-The National Capital to be Seized, 1480-Davis's Professions, 1480-Poetic Comments on them, 1481-Events at Harper's Ferry and Gosport NavyYard, 1481-Response to the Call for Troops, 1482-Massachusetts Sends Troops to Washington, 1483—Attack upon them in Baltimore, 1483-Critical Situation of the Capital, 1484-The

President and Maryland Secessionists, 1485-Prompt and Efficient Action of General Wool, 1485-Union Defence Committee, 1486--General Butler's Operations in Maryland, 1486-He takes Possession of Baltimore, 1487-Events at the Capital, 1488—Preparations for the Struggle, 1488.

CHAPTER IX.

Defection of Colonel Lee, p. 1489-Temptation and Fall, 1490-First Invasion of Virginia, 1490-Death of Colonel Ellsworth, 1491—Blockade of the Potomac, 1492-Engagement at Sewall's Point, 1492-Loyalty in Western Virginia, 1492—Action of the Secessionists, 1492— Conventions, 1492-Creation and Admission of a New State, 1493-Troops from Beyond the Ohio, 1495—The First Battle on Land, 1495-Attitude of the Border States, 1495-Kentucky Unionism, 1495-Events in Missouri, 1497-General Lyon, 1497-The Governor of Missouri Raises the Standard of Revolt, 1498-Movements in Tennessee, 1498-Pillow and Polk, 1498Change in the Confederate Seat of Government, 1498-Jefferson Davis in Virginia, 1498-His Reception in Richmond, 1499.

CHAPTER X.

Beauregard's Proclamation, p. 1500-Insurgents at Harper's Ferry, 1501-Exploits of an Indiana Regiment, 1501-Events on the Virginia Peninsula, 1501-Battle at Big Bethel, 1502— National Troops on the Upper Potomac, 1503-The Capital in Danger, 1503-A Gunpowder Plot, 1504-Action of England and France, 1504-Punch's Epigram, 1505-Conduct of Great Britain and the Western European Powers, 1505-Russia, 1507-Meeting of Congress, 1507— Department Reports, 1508-Appropriations, 1508-Increase of the Navy, 1508-Enthusiasm of the People, 1509-Women's Work, 1509-Miss Dix, 1509-United States Sanitary and Christian Commissions, 1511-Benevolent Work in Philadelphia, 1511.

CHAPTER XI.

Confederates in Virginia, p. 1513-National Troops in Western Virginia, 1513-McClellan's Campaign, 1514-Secessionists Repressed in Baltimore, 1515—Confederate Privateers, 1515— Troops near Washington, 1516-Manassas Junction, 1516-Patterson Crosses the Potomac, 1517-Movements of National Troops, 1517-Battle at Blackburn's Ford, 1517-Battle of Bull's Run and its Effects, 1518-War in the West, 1522-General Lyon's Campaign, 1522-Military Operations in Missouri, 1522-Death of Lyon, 1524-Union Movement, 1524-Movements of a Disloyal Governor, 1524.

CHAPTER XII.

Fremont in Missouri, p. 1525-Siege and Fall of Lexington, 1526-Kentucky Neutrality Violated by the Confederates, 1526-Events in Eastern Kentucky, 1527-Buckner's Raid, 1527— Fremont Superseded, 1528-Battle at Belmont, 1529-Military Movements in Northwestern Virginia, 1529-Lee, Floyd, and Wise, 1530-Civil War Ended in West Virginia, 1531-Capture of Hatteras Forts, 1531-Events near Fort Pickens and Southwest Pass, 1533-Operations on the Coast of South Carolina, 1533-McClellan in Command, 1534—“ On to Richmond!" 1535Boldness of the Confederates, 1535-They are Pushed Back, 1536-Battle at Ball's Bluff, 1537.

CHAPTER XIII.

Inaction of the Army of the Potomac, p. 1538-Capture of Mason and Slidell, 1539-Conduct of the British Government and Press, 1540-President Lincoln's Wisdom, 1540-Release of the

Captives, 1541-Expedition to the Coast of North Carolina, 1542—Capture of Roanoke Island, 1543-Proclamation to the People of Eastern North Carolina, 1543-Department Commanders West of the Mississippi, 1544-Missouri Purged of Armed Insurgents, 1544-The Campaign in Missouri, 1544-Insurgents Chased into Arkansas, 1545-Battle of Pea Ridge, 1546-Military Operations in New Mexico, 1546-Battle at Valverde, 1548-Insurgents Expelled from New Mexico, 1548-Civil and Military Transactions in Kentucky, 1548-Battle of Mill Spring, 1550 -The Confederate Line Across Kentucky Broken and Shortened, 1550-Beauregard in the West, 1551.

CHAPTER XIV.

A Gun-boat Fleet, p. 1552-Expedition against Forts Henry and Donelson, 1552-Capture of Forts Henry and Hieman, 1553-Naval Expedition up the Tennessee, 1553-Its Discoveries, 1554-Army Reorganized, 1554-Siege of Fort Donelson, 1554-Change in Temperature, 1554-Engagements on Land and Water, 1555-A Desperate Measure Attempted, 1555—Council of War, 1556-Cowardice, 1556—Surrender of Fort Donelson, 1557—Army Postal Service, 1557— Panic at Nashville, 1559-Surrender of the City, 1559-Provisional Government for Tennessee, 1559-Events on the Mississippi River, 1560-Siege and Capture of Island Number Ten, 1560Movement toward Corinth, 1562-National Army at Pittsburg Landing, 1562-Buell's Army on the March, 1563.

CHAPTER XV.

The Nationals and Confederates at Shiloh, p. 1564-Battle of Shiloh: Its Events and Results, 1565-The Confederate Retreat to Corinth, 1566-Siege and Capture of Corinth, 1566—General Mitchel's Raid into Alabama, 1567-Recovered Territory, 1567-Raid upon a Railway, 1568— Capture of Memphis, 1569—Capture of New Berne and Fort Macon, 1569-Events on the Coast of North Carolina, 1569-Siege and Capture of Fort Pulaski, 1570-Conquests on the Southern Coasts, 1571-Expedition against New Orleans, 1572-Capture of Forts on the Mississippi, 1573 -Destruction of the Confederate Flotilla, 1574-Seizure of New Orleans, 1575-Hatred of General Butler, 1576.

CHAPTER XVI.

Army of the Potomac, p. 1577-Armies Ordered to Move, 1578-McClellan's Plan of Operations, 1578-Evacuation of Manassas, 1579-" Promenade" of the Union Army, 1579-McClellan Relieved, 1579-The "Monitor" and "Merrimac," 1580-Events in the Shenandoah Valley, 1581-Battle at Kernstown, 1581-Army of the Potomac on the Peninsula, 1581-Siege of Yorktown, 1581-Magruder's Strategy, 1582-Battle at Williamsburg, 1582-Tardy Movements, 1582 -McClellan and the President, 1583-Capture of Norfolk, 1584-Military Events in the Valley, 1584-Battles at Winchester, Cross Keys and Port Republic, 1585-The "White House," 1586 On the Chickahominy, 1586—Confederate Government Rebuked, 1586-Fatal Hesitation, 1586 -Battle at Fair Oaks, 1587-Stuart's Raid, 1589.

CHAPTER XVII.

Battles of Mechanicsville and Gaines's Mill, p. 1591-Transfer of the Army to the James River, 1591-Battles at Savage's Station, White-Oak Swamp and Glendale, 1591-Battle at Malvern Hill, 1592-The Army at Harrison's Landing, 1593--“ Army of Virginia,” 1593-Battle of Cedar Mountain, 1593—Washington in Danger, 1594-McClellan and the Government, 1595