—no, mỏve, nỗr, nốt ;−tube, tâb, bảll;—ôi! ;—pound ;—thin, THIS. SALUBRIOUS, sâ-lú'brè-us. healthful, promoting health. SALUBRITY, så-lù'brè-tè. s. Wholesomeness, healthfulness. SALVE, sålv. s. 78. An ointment or cerate|| used in dressing wounds and hurts; an emplaster; help, remedy. a. Wholesome, To SANCTIFY, sångk'tè-fl. v. a. To free from Dr. Johnson tells us, that this word is originally and properly salf; which having salves in the plural, the singular, in time, was borrowed from it: sealf, Saxon, undoubtedly from salvus, Latin. There is some diversity among our orthõepists about the / in this word and its verb. Mr. Sheridan marks it to be pronounced; Mr. Smith, W. Johnston, and Barclay, make it mute; Mr. Scott and Perry give it both ways; and Mr. Nares says it is mute in the noun, but sounded in the verb. The mute is certainly. countenanced in this word by calve and halve; but as they are very irregular, and are the only words where the lis silent in this situation, for valve, delve, solve, &c. have the pronounced; and as this word is of Latin original, the lought certainly to be preserved in both words: for to have the same word sounded differently, to signify different things; is a defect in language|| that ought as much as possible to be avoided.See BowL and FAULT. To SALVE, sålv. v. a. To cure with medicaments applied; to help, to remedy; to help or save by a salvo, an excuse, or reservation. SALVER, salvar. s. 98. A plate on which any thing is presented. SALVO, sål'vỏ. s. An exception, a reservation, an excuse.-See SALTATION. SALUTARINESS, sål'là-tâ-ré-nês. s. Wholesomeness, quality of contributing to health or safety. SALUTARY, sål'là-tâ-rè. a. Wholesome, healthful, safe, advantageous, contributing to health or safety. SALUTATION, sål-là-ta'shån. s. The act or style of saluting, greeting. SAME, same. a. Identical, being of the like SAMPLE, sâm'pl. s. 405. A specimen, a part of the whole, shown that judgment may be made of the whole. SAMPLER, sâm'pl-år. s. 98. A pattern of work,|| a piece worked by young girls for improvement. SANABLE, sån'na-bl. a. 535. Curable, susceptive of remedy, remediable. SANCTITY, sångk'tè-tè. s. Holiness, goodness, SAND, sând. s. Particles of stone not conjoined, SANDAL, sân'dâl. s. 88. A loose shoe. SANDBOX, sând boks. s. A plant. SANDISH, sând'ish. a. Approaching to the na- SANDY, sând'è. a. Abounding with sand, full S. SANGUIFICATION, sâng-gwè-fè-ka'shůn. SANGUIFIER, sång'gwè-fl-år. s. Producer of To SANGUIFY, sång'gwè-fl. v. n. 340. To produce blood. SANGUINARY, sång'gwè-nå-rè. a. Cruel, bloody, murderous. S. Ar SANGUINE, sång'gwin. a. 340. Red, having Mr. Nares, Buchanan, and W. Johnston, Constitu SANIOUS, sà'nè-ås. a. 314. Running a thin sc- er of stimulating the palate. SAT 559.-Fate, får, fåll, fât ;-mè, mêt;-pine, pin ;— SAPIENCE, så ́pè-ênse. s. Wisdom, sageness, knowledge. SAPIENT, sa pè-ènt. a. Wise, sage. SAPLESS, sâp'lês. a. Wanting sap, wanting, vital juice; dry, old, husky. SAPLING, sapling. s. A young tree, a young plant. SAPONACEOUS, sâp-o-na'shus. 357.a. Soapy, SAPONARY, såp po-na-rè. resembling soap, having the qualities of soap. SAPOR, så pôr. s. 166. Taste, power of affecting or stimulating the palate. SAPORIFICK, sâp-ò-rif'fîk. a. 530. Having the power to produce tastes. SAPPHIRE, sâf fir. s. 140, 415. A precious stone of a blue colour; it is next in hardness to the diamond.-Mawe SAPPHIRINE, sâf'fir-ine. a. 149. Made of sapphire, resembling sapphire. SAPPINESS, såp'pè-nes. s. The state or the quality of abounding in sap, succulence, juici SARCENET, sårse'net. s. Fine thin woven silk. SARCOMA, sår-ko'må. s. 92. A fleshy excres Nares and Buchanan only adopt the second sound; and Mr. Elphinstone, Mr. Sheridan, Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Scott, W. Johnston, Mr. Perry, Entick, and, if we may judge by the position of the accent, Dr. Ash and Bailey, the first. See The Key to the Classical Pronunciation of Greek, Latin, and Scripture Proper Names, SATANICAL, så-tan'nè-kâl. under the word. SATANICK, så-tân'nîk. 509. infernal. } a. Devilish, SATCHEL, såtsh'il. s. 99. A little bag used by schoolboys. To SATE, såte. v. a. To satiate, to glut, to pall, to feed beyond natural desires. SATELLITE, såt têl-lite. s. 155. A small planet revolving round a larger. Pope has, by the licence of his art, accented the plural of this word upon the second syllable, and like the Latin plural, has given it four syllables: "Or ask of yonder argent fields above, Essay on Man. This, however, is only pardonable in poetry, and, it may be added, in good poetry-See ANTIPODES and MILLIPEDES. SATELLITIOUS, sât-tél-lish'ås. a. Consisting To SATIATE, så'shè-åte. v. a. To satisfy, to fill; to glut, to pall; to gratify desire; to saturate, to impregnate with as much as can be contained or imbided. of satellites. SATIATE, så'shè-åte. a. 91. satiety. Glutted, full to cence or lump, growing in any part of the bo-SATIETY, så-ti'è-tè. s. 460. Fulness beyond dedy, especially the nostrils. sire or pleasure, more than enough, state of being palled. SARCOPHAGUS, sår-kôf'få-gås. a. 518. Flesheating, feeding on flesh. Hence a tomb, when the human flesh is consumed and eaten away by time, is called a Sarcophagus. SARCOPHAGY, sår-kôf få-jè. s. 518. The practice of eating flesh. SARCOTICK, sår-kôt'tik. s. 509. Medicines which fill up ulcers with new flesh, the same as incarnatives. SARDEL, sår'děl. SARDINE, sår'din. 140. SARSAPARILLA, sår-så-på-ril'lâ. } S. SARDIUS, sår'dè-üs, or sår'jè-ås. 293, 294. A sort of precious stone. SARDONYX, sår'dò-niks. s A precious stone. SARSA, sår'så. s. A root brought from the West-Indies. It consists of a great number of long strings hanging from one head. They are of a blackish colour outside,| and white within, and have a glutinous bitterish taste and no smell.-Dispen. SASH, såsh. s. A belt worn by way of distinction, a silken band won by officers in the army; a window so formed as to be let up and down by pullies. SASSAFRAS, sâs'sâ-frâs. s. A tree, one of the species of the cornelian cherry. A tree a native of North America. The wood, root and its bark are used in medicine. They have a fragrant smell and sweetish aromatick taste.Dispen. SAT, såt. The pret. of Sit. SATAN, så tân, or sât tån. s. The prince of hell, any wicked spirit. This word is frequently pronounced as if written Sattan; but making the first syllable long is so agreeable to analogy that it ought to be indulged wherever custom will permit, and particularly in proper names. Cuto, Plato, &c. have now universally the penultimate a long and slender; and no good reason can be given why the word in question should not join this class: if the short quantity of the a in the original be alleged, for an answer to this see Principles No. 544, and the word SATIRE. Mr. The sound of the second syllable of this word has been grossly mistaken by the generality of speakers; nor is it much to be wondered at. Ti, with the accent on it, succeeded by a vowel, is a very uncommon predicament for an Eng lish syllable to be under; and therefore it is not surprising that it has been almost universally confounded with an apparently similar, but really different assemblage of accent, vowels, and consonants. So accustomed is the ear to the aspirated sound of t, when followed by two vowels, that whenever these appear we are apt to annex the very same sound to that letter, without attending to an essential circumstance in this word, which distinguishes it from every other in the language. There is no English word of exactly the same form with satiety, and therefore it cannot, like most other words, be tried by its peers; but analogy, that grand resource of reason, will as clearly determine, in this case, as if the most positive evidence were produced. In the first place, then, the sound commonly given to the second syllable of this word, which is that of the first of si-lence, as if written sa-si-e-t, is never found annexed to the same letters throughout the whole language. T, when succeeded by two vowels, in every instance but the word in question, sounds exactly like sh; thus satiate, expatiate, &c. are pronounced as if written sa-she-ate, ex-pa-she-ate, &c. and not sa-se-ate, ex-pa-se-ate, &c. and therefore if the t must be aspirated in this word, it ought at least to assume that aspiration which is found among similar assemblages of letters, and instead of sa-si-e-ty, it ought to be sounded sa-shi-e-ty: in this mode of pronunciation a greater parity might be pleaded; nor should we introduce a new aspiration to reproach our language with needless irregularity. But if we once cast an eye on those conditions, on which we give an aspirated sound to the dentals, 26, we shall find both these methods of pronouncing this word equally remote from analogy. In almost every -nò, mỏve, når, nôt ;-tube, tủb, båll ;-8il ;-poånd ;-thin, THIS. termination where the consonants, t, d, c, and s, precede the vowels ea, ia, ie, io, &c. as in martial, soldier, suspicion, confusion, anxious, prescience, &c. the accent is on the syllable immediately before these consonants, and they all assume the aspiration; but in Ægyptiacum, elephantiasis, hendiadis, society, anxiety, science, &c. the accent is immediately after these consonants, and t, d, c, and x, are pronounced as free from aspiration as the same letters in tiar, diet, cion, Ixion, &c. the position of the accent makes the whole difference. But if analogy in our own language were silent, the uniform pronunciation of words from the learned languages, where these letters occur, would be sufficient to decide the dispute. Thus in elephantiasis, Miltiades, salietas, &c. the antepenultimate syllable ti is always pronounced like the English noun tie; nor should we dream of giving ti the aspirated sound in these words, though there would be exactly the same reason for it, as in satiety: for, except in very few instances, as we pronounce Latin in the analogy of our own language, no reason can be given why we should pronounce the antepenultimate syllable in satietas one way and that in satiety another. I should have thought my time thrown away in But, notwithstanding the tide of opinion was some The first mode of pronouncing this word is adopted by Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, Dr. Ash, and Mr. Smith. The short quantity of the first vowel is adopted by Mr. Nares, Mr. Elphinstone, Buchanan, and Entick; but the quantity of the second syllable they have not marked.—The third is adopted by Mr. Perry and Dr. Kenrick; and for the fourth we have no authorities. But though the first mode of pronouncing this able to an English ear, the second seems to be that which is most favoured by the learned, because, say they, the first syllable in the Latin Satyra is short. But if this reasoning were to hold good, we ought to pronounce the first syllable of silence, local, label, libel, locust, paper, and many others short, because silentium, localis, la bellum, libellus, locusta, papyrus, &c. have all the first syllable short in Latin. But to furnish the learned with an argument which perhaps may not immediately occur to them, it may be said that in the instances I have adduced, none of the Latin words have the initial syllable accented as well as short, which is the case with the word satyra: but it may be answered, if we were to follow the quantity of the Latin accented vowel, we must pronounce fœtid, mimick, frigid, squalid, comick, resin, credit, spirit, and lily, with the first vowel long, because it is the case in the Latin words foetidus, mimicus, frigidus, squalidus, comicus, resina, creditus, spiritus, and lilium. The only shadow of an argument therefore that remains is, that though we do not adopt the Latin quantity of the accented antepenultimate vowel when it is long, we do when it is short. For though we have many instances where an English word of two syllables has the first short, though derived from a Latin word where the two first syllables are long; as civil, legate, solemn, &c. from civilis, legatus, solemnis, &c. yet we have no instance in the language where a word of three syllables in Latin with the two first vowels short, becomes an English dissyllable with the first syllable long, except the vowel be u-See Principles, No. 507, 508, 509. Hence the shortness of the first syllables of pla tane, zephyr, atom, &c. from platanus, zephyrus, atomus, &c. which are short, not only from the custom of carrying the short sound we give to the Latin antepenultimate vowel, into the penultimate of the English word derived from it; but from the affectation of shortening the initial vowel, which this custom has introduced, in order to give our pronunciation a Latin air, and furnish us with an opportunity of showing our learning by appealing to Latin quantity; which, when applied to English, is so vague and uncertain, as to put us out of all fear of detection if we happen to be wrong. The absurd custom, therefore, of shortening our vowels, ought to be discountenanced as much as possible, since it is supported by such weak and desultory arguments; and our own analogy in this as well as in similar words, ought to be preferred to such a shadow of analogy to the quantity of the Latin language, as I have charitably afford. ed to those who are ignorant of it.-See Principles, No. 544. Though poets often bend the rhyme to their verse, when they cannot bring their verse to the rhyme; yet, where custom is equivocal, they certainly are of some weight. In this view we may look upon Pope's couplet in his Essay on Criticism: Leave dang'rous truths to unsuccessful satires, And flattery to fulsome dedicators." With respect to the quantity of the last syllable, though custom seems to have decided it in this word, it is not so certain in other words of a similar form. These we purpose to consider under the word UMPIRE, which see. SATIRICAL, så-tir ré-kål. SATIRICK, så-tir rik. a. Belonging to satire, employed in writing invective; censorious, severe in language. SATIRICALLY, så-tir'rè-kâl-è. ad. With invective, with intention to censure or vilify. SATIRIST, sât ́år-ist. s. One who writes satires. See PATRONESS. To SATIRISE, såt'tår-ize. v. a. To censure as in a satire. word is the most general, and the most agree- SATISFACTION, såt-tls-fåk'shûn. s. The act 17 559.—Fåte, får, fåll, fât ;—mẻ, mêt ;—plne, pîn ;— of pleasing to the full; the state of being pleas- || ed; release from suspense, uncertainty, or uneasiness; gratification, that which pleases; amends, atonement for a crime, recompense for an injury. SATISFACTIVE, så-tls-fåk'tiv. a. Giving satis faction. SATISFACTORILY, sât-tis-fâk'tår-è-lè. ad. In a satisfactory manner. SATISFACTORINESS, sât-tis-fâk'tür-rè-nes. s. Power of satisfying, power of giving content. SATISFACTORY, sât-tis-fâk'tar-è. a. Giving satisfaction, giving content; atoning, making amends. For the o, see DOMESTICK. To SATISFY, såt'tis-fl. v. a. To content, to To SATISFY, sât'tis-fi. v. n. To make payment.|| SATURABLE, såt tshù-ra-bl. a. Impregnable the fill. SAUCER, såw'sår. s. 98, 218. A small pan or platter on which sauce is set on the table; a piece or platter of china, into which a tea-cup is set. SAUCILY, såw'sè-lè. ad. Impudently, impertinently, petulantly. SAUCINESS, såw'sè-nês. s. Impudence, petulance, impertinence. SAUCY, saw'sè. a. 218. Pert, petulant, insolent. To SAVE, save. v. n. To be cheap. SAVER, så'vår. s. 98. Preserver, rescuer; one To SATURATE, sât'tshu-råte. v. a. To impreg-SAVING, sa'ving. a. 410. Frugal, parsimonious, SATURITY, så tù'rẻ-tè. s. Fulness, the state of SATURNINE, såttår-nine. a. 148. Gloomy, SATURNIAN, så-tur'ne-ân. a. Happy, golden. This word, and Satire a poem, are pronounced exactly alike, and for similar reasons. SAVAGE, såv'vidje. a. 90. Wild, uncultivated; uncivilized, barbarous. SAVAGE, sav vidje. s. A man untaught and uncivilized, a barbarian. SAVAGELY, såv vidje-lè. ad. Barbarously, cruelly. SAVAGENESS, sâv'vidje-nês. s. Barbarousness, cruelty, wildness. SAVAGERY, sâv'vidje-rè. s. Cruelty, barbarity; wild growth. SAVANNA, så-vân'nå. s. 92. An open meadow without wood. SAUCE, såwse. s. 218. Something eaten with To SAUCE, såwse. v. a. To accompany meat A sinall skillet with a long handle, in which sauce or small things are boiled. not lavish; not turning to loss, though not gainful. SAVING, så'ving. ad. With exception in fa vour of. SAVING, så'ving. s. Escape of expense, somewhat preserved from being spent, exception in favour. SAVINGLY, så'ving-lé. ad. With parsimony. The first mode of pronouncing this word is the most agreeable to analogy, if not in the most general use; but where use has formed so clear å rule as in words of this form, it is wrong not to follow it. See Principles, No. 214. Mr. Elphinstone, Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Nares, and the first. SAVORY, så vår-è. s. A plant. SAVOUR, så vår. s. A scent, odour; taste, pow. er of affecting the palate. To SAVOUR, så vår. v. n. To have any partic ular smell or taste; to betoken, to have an ap pearance or taste of something. To SAVOUR, så vår. v. a. To like; to exhibit taste of. SAVOURILY, så'vůr-è-lè. ad. With gust, with SAVOY, så-võè'. s. A sort of colewort. This word is pronounced in the first manner by correct, and in the second by vulgar speakers. Among this number, however, I do not reckon Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Smith, and Mr Scott, who adopt it; but in my opinion, Dr. Kenrick and Mr. Perry, who prefer the first, are not only more agreeable to rule, but to the best usage. In this opinion I am confirmed by Mr. Nares, who says it is commonly pronounced in the second manner. See Principles, No. 213. SAW, saw. 219. The pret. of Sce -no, move, nor nôt ;-tube, tåb, bůil ;--¿îl ;-pound ;-thin, THIS. SAW, saw. s. A dentated instrument, by the at- Part. Sawed and Sawn. proportions; any thing marked at equal dis tances. To SCALE, skåle. v. a. To climb as by ladders; to measure or compare, to weigh; to take off in a thin lamina; to pare off a surface. SAWDUST, såw'dåst. s. Dust made by the at-To SCALE, skále. v. n. To peel off in thin trition of the saw. SAWFISH, såw'fish. s. A sort of fish. SAWPIT, såw'pit. s. Pit over which timber is laid to be sawn by two men. SAW-WORT, såw'wârt. s. A plant. SAW-WREST, såw'rest. s. A sort of tool. With the saw-wrest they set the teeth of the saw. SAWER, såwår. } SAWYER, såw'yår. 113. s. One whose trade is to saw timber into boards or beams. SAXIFRAGE, såk ́se-frådje. s. A plant. SAXIFRAGOUS, såk-sif'rå-gås. a. Dissolvent of the stone. To SAY, så. v. a. 220. Pret. Said. To speak, to utter in words, to tell; to tell in any manner. SAYING, så ing. s. 410. Expression, words, opinion sententiously delivered. SAYS, sêz. Third person of To say. This seems to be an incorrigible deviation. 90. SCAB, skåb. s. An incrustation formed over a sore by dried matter; the itch or mange of horses; a paltry fellow, so named from the itch. SCABBARD, skâb'bård. s. 418. The sheath of a sword. SCABBED, skåb’bed, or skåb’d. a. 366. Covered or diseased with scabs ; paltry, sorry. This word, like learned, blessed, and some others, when used as an adjective, is always pronounced in two syllables; and when a participle, in one. See Principles, No. 362. SCABBEDNESS, skåb'bêd-nês. s. The state of being scabbed. SCABBINESS, skâb'bè-nês. s. The quality of being scabby. SCABBY, skåb'bè. a. Diseased with scabs. SCABIOUS, skà bè-as. a. Itchy, leprous. SCABROUS, ská bras. a. 314. Rough, rugged, pointed on the surface; harsh, unmusical. SCABWORT, skåb'wårt. s. A plant. SCAD, skåd. s. A kind of fish; probably the same as Shad. SCAFFOLD, skåf'fuld. s. 166. A temporary particles. SCALED, skål'd. a. 359. Squamous, having scales like fishes. SCALENE, skå-lène'. s. In Geometry, a tri angle that has three sides unequal to each other. SCALINESS, skå'lé-nês. s. The state of being scaly. ness. SCALL, skawl. s. 84. Leprosy, morbid baldA kind of onion. A fish with a hol SCALLION, skål'yun. s. 113. SCALLOP, skolap. s. 166. low pectinated shell. This word is irregular, for it ought to have the a in the first syllable like that in tallow; but the deep sound of a is too firmly fixed by custom to afford any expectation of a change. Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Scott, Dr. Kenrick, Mr. Nares, and Mr. Smith, pronounce the a in the manner I have given it, and Mr. Perry only as in tallow. To SCALLOP, skôllåp. v. a. To mark on the edge with segments of circles. SCALP, skalp. s. The skull, the cranium, the bone that encloses the brain; the integuments of the head. To deprive the skull of To SCALP, skålp. v. a. its integuments. SCALPEL, skål'pêl. s. An instrument used to scrape a bone. SCALY, skále. a. Covered with scales. To SCAMBLE, scâm'bl. v. n. 405. To be tur bulent and rapacious, to scramble, to get by struggling with others; to shift awkwardly. Little used. SCAMMONIATE, skâm-mo'nè-åte. a. 91. Made with scammony. SCAMMONY, skâm'mo-nè. s. The concrete gummy resinous juice of a climbing plant growing in Syria. It is brought in light, spongy, friable masses of a blackish colour, and has a faint unpleasant smell and bitterishi pungent taste. To SCAMPER, skâm'pår. v. n. 98. To fly with speed and trepidation. gallery or stage raised either for shows or spec-To SCAN, skån. v. a. To examine a verse by tators; the gallery raised for execution of great malefactors; frames of timber erected on the side of a building for the workmen. SCAFFOLDAGE, skâf'fål-didje. s. 90. ry, hollow floor. SCAFFOLDING, skåf'fål-ding. s. 410. ing slightly erected. SCALADE, skå-låde'. SCALADO, skå-la'dò. Galle Build s. A storm given to a place by raising ladders against the walls. See LUMBAGO. SCALARY, skâl'â-rè. a. like those of a ladder. Proceeding by steps To SCALD, skåld. v. a. 84. To burn with hot liquor. SCALD, skåld. s. Scurf on the head. SCALD, skåld. a. Paltry, sorry. SCALDHEAD, skåld-hed'. s. A loathsome disease, a kind of local leprosy in which the head is covered with a scab. SCALE, skåle. s. A balance, a vessel suspended by a beam against another; the sign Libra in the Zodiack; the small shells or crusts which lying one over another make the coats of fishes; any thing exfoliated, a thin lamina; ladder, means of ascent; the act of storming by ladders; regular gradation, a regular series rising like a ladder; a figure subdivided by lines like the steps of a ladder, which is used to measure proportions between pictures and the thing represented; the series of harmonick or musical counting the feet; to examine nicely. SCANDAL, skân'dál. s. 88. Offence given by the faults of others; reproachful aspersion, opprobrious censure, infainy. To SCANDAL, skån'dål. v. a. To treat oppro briously, to charge falsely with faults. To SCANDALIZE, skån då-lize. v. a. To offend by some action supposed criminal; to reproach, to disgrace, to defame. SCANDALOUS, skan'dá-las. a. 314. Giving publick offence; opprobrious, disgraceful; shameful, openly vile. SCANDALOUSLY, skân'dâ-lûs-lè. ad. Censori. ously, opprobriously; shamefully, ill to a degree that gives publick offence. SCANDALOUSNESS, skån'dá-los-nês. s. The quality of giving publick offence. SCANDALUM MÁGNATUM, skån'dâ-lam-mågnå'tam. s. An offence given to a person of dignity by opprobrious speech or writing; a writ to recover damages in such cases.-Ash. SCANSION, skân'shun. s. The act or prac tice of scanning a verse. To SCANT, skånt. v. a. To limit, to straiten. SCANT, skånt. a. Parsimonious; less than what is proper or competent. SCANTILY, skånt'tè-lè. ad. Sparingly, niggardly; narrowly. SCANTINESS, skån'tè-nës. s. Narrowness, want of space; want of amplitude or great ness |