The Chemical Works of Caspar Neumann ...J. and F. Rivington, 1773 |
Common terms and phrases
acid afterwards aftringent alcalies alfo animal Aqua fortis arifes Bezoar boiled calcined Caput mortuum colour confiderable confiftence difcovered diffolved diftilled diftilled water digefted earth effential Oil faid faline fame quantity fcarcely feems feparated fermentation feven fire firft firſt five drams fix drams flavour flowers fmall fmell foluble folution fome fometimes fomewhat four drams fpirit fpirituous extract freſh ftate ftrong fubftances fubtile fuch fuppofed furface fweet glafs grains green half an ounce heat impregnated infpiffated infufion itſelf juice kind leaves lefs liquor matter moft moſt Mucilage mucilaginous Nitre nitrous acid obferved obtained ounces phlegm plant powder precipitated pungent purpoſes rectified Spirit refiduum root Sal ammoniac ſmell Sope Spirit of Nitre Spirit of Wine tafte Tartar taſte thefe theſe thofe thoſe three drams tincture urinous uſed veffel vegetable Vinegar vinous Vitriol volatile Alcali volatile Salt watery extract weighed whilft yellow yellowish yielded
Popular passages
Page 229 - In some of the deep reddish, yellow, or orange-coloured flowers, the yellow matter seems to be of the same kind with that of the pure yellow flowers; but the red to be of a different kind from the pure red ones. Watery menstrua take up only the yellow, and leave the red, which may afterward be extracted by alcohol, or by a weak solution of alkali.
Page 235 - ... and that it is the more permanent, in proportion as it recedes the more from its natural colour. Prepared archil very readily gives out its colour to water, to volatile spirits, and to alcohol ; it is the substance principally made use of for colouring the spirits of thermometers.
Page 34 - ... unwilling to take the trouble of gathering it. The method of collecting it is this: — having cleared away the earth from the upper part of the root, they cut off the top in an oblique direction, about two inches below where the stalks spring from it. Under the most depending part of the slope they fix a shell, or some other convenient receptacle, into which the milky juice generally flows. It is left...
Page 234 - They are beaten with wooden mallets, on a brick or stone floor, into a gross powder, which is heaped up in the middle of the room to the height of four feet, a space being left for passing round the sides. The powder, moistened with water, ferments, grows hot, and throws out a thick fetid fume. It is shovelled backwards and forwards, and moistened every day for twelve days, after which it is stirred less frequently, without watering, and, at length, made...
Page 229 - ... blue ; but this is far from being univerfal. Among thofe I have examined, the rofe-colours and purplifh reds were changed nearly in the fame manner as the blues ; but the full deep reds were not. The deep infufion of red poppies is changed by alkalies, not to a green, but to a dufky purple.
Page 232 - ... to that which is brought to us, of a bright shining red colour, almost equal to carmine. For this purpose, instead of steeping and fermenting the seeds in water they rub them with the hands, previously dipped in oil, till the...
Page 228 - COL and more beautiful ; green lakes, prepared from these flowers by lime-water, have been used as pigments by the painter. The flowers of cyanus have been greatly ' recommended, as affording elegant and durable blue pigments ; but I have never been able to extract from them any blue colour at all. They retain their colour indeed, when hastily dried, longer than some other blue flowers ; but they communicate nothing of it to any kind of menstruum.
Page 243 - Sad,) fignifics dry ; thcfe wines being made from half-dried grapes. There is another fort of Sec wine, inferior to both the foregoing...
Page 234 - ... hours in a close vessel, adding about one twentieth its weight of lime newly slacked, digesting in a gentle warmth, and stirring the whole together every three or four hours, a new fermentation begins : a blue froth rises to the surface, and the liquor, though it appears itself of a reddish color, dyes woollen of a green, which, like the green from indigo, changes, in the air, to blue. This is one of the nicest processes in the art of dyeing, and does not well succeed in the way of a small experiment....
Page 234 - ... little worms would be produced in the cracks, and the woad would lose part of its strength. After lying for fifteen days, the heaps are opened, the crust rubbed, and mixed with the inside, and the matter formed into oval balls, which are pressed close and solid in wooden moulds. These are dried upon hurdles. In the...