fore, that the session should be adjourned to the 2d of June; but the term, if found expedient, might be abridged. The archbishop of Naxia then asked the fathers, whether they approved the decree, in these words :

Most reverend and illustrious presidents, and most venerable fathers, are all these words approved?

*

And immediately the most reverend and illustrious presidents and legates answered-approved.

Then, without delay, each of the fathers was separately asked, by me Angelo Massarelli, secretary of the sacred council,' whether they approved, (two notaries, named, being present,) who answered unanimously, that they approved. And this was announced with the same formality.

Then were read by me the aforesaid secretary,' the votes of two fathers, who, being necessarily detained by ill health, were indulged with the privilege of sending their votes in writing.

The promoter requested the notaries present to draw out one or more instruments of what had passed; and the first president, elevating his hand, pronounced a second benediction on the sacred synod with the sign of the cross. fathers then laid aside their robes and departed.

The

There were present at this session, besides the two presidents, thirty-eight prelates, one abbat, four generals of orders, and six officials of the council. I take this enumeration from the manuscript of the secretary. As represented by Martene in his collection of Monuments, adopted by Le Plat, whom I have hitherto followed, there are two or three additional names, which may have existed in some other copy: there is likewise a large number of names of lay and ecclesiastic persons of distinction, particularly of the different religious orders, who probably attended the session to increase its pomp and effect.

* amplissimi.

SESSION X.-Bologna II.

PREPARATIONS-SESSION.

Prorogation of Session.

A WEEK after the first session at Bologna, or on the 29th of April, the usual theologians commenced their labours upon the three remaining sacraments, Extreme Unction, Order, and Matrimony.

Upon the first of these subjects we have presented to us two articles of the heretics, viz., that Extreme Unction is a human figment, or a rite differing from a sacrament, as having neither divine command, nor promise of grace; and that it is not performed in the Roman church according to scripture, and ought to be changed.

There follow four such articles on the sacrament of Order, purporting, that Order was an office, or duty; that those who preached not were no priests; that the character of priest was common to all Christians, but that a vocation was important for use and execution; and that bishops have no power of ordination.

On Matrimony, there were five heretical articles, teaching, that clandestine marriages are not lawful, but that polygamy is; that infidelity on the woman's part dissolves the bond; that he is not a whoremonger, who, dismissing an adulteress, marries another woman; that divorce annuls marriage, and allows a second; that the degrees of affinity, as stated in Leviticus, are to be observed, and that the church has no power to interdict or rescind marriages regulated by that observance.

The theologians were employed upon these subjects from the 29th of April to the 7th of May.

The general congregations then began to take them up, and continued their exertions, particularly in forming canons on the eucharist, from the 9th of May to the 15th (or 16th*) of the same month.

The examination was followed up upon the same subjects

*The number is doubtful in the MS.

by particular congregations of prelatic theologians, deputed for that purpose, as at Trent; and they laboured from the 17th to the 27th of May. The result was, the formation of eight canons, fortified, according to rule, each with its own anathema, and approved by a general congregation of the 31st of May.

The first is against those who affirm, that in the eucharist is not contained truly and really the body and blood of our Lord Jesus Christ, but only in a sign or figure. It will be observed, that here is wanting the word 'substantially,' and together with the soul and divinity,' and the 'whole Christ,' as it is found in the first canon of the decree which actually passed in the thirteenth session, and stands as a decree of the council. The second canon is very similar to that which was adopted by the legitimate session. It is of no great importance to notice the remainder, as they were superseded by the canons which are received as the only legitimate ones.

These canons, however, were approved; and on the appointed day, the 2d of June, the tenth conciliar, and second Bolognese, session was held.

The ceremonies, which are accurately repeated, are precisely, for matter, the same as those which took place in the first session in the new station. There does not appear to have been any sermon, but the usual indulgence, as it is called, was duly published. The decree read was merely a prorogation of the session, in the customary form, to the 15th of September, so that the discussions should be continued, and the term might be shortened.

The same formality, as in the first session, was observed in requesting and receiving the approbation of the fathers present; and the secretary is equally precise in notifying his own personal discharge of the duty which fell to his share.

With the presidents there were thirty-nine members of the council present.

Le Plat, in his edition of the canons and decrees of the council, has at this point given a complete list of all the

fathers who attended at any time the first ten sessions of the council. The number is very considerable; and the notes added, respecting some of the individuals, although very concise, are useful to a minute inquirer.

The secular events bearing upon the proceedings of the council were, the success of the emperor against the protestants, which excited the jealousy and alarm of the pontiff, and produced an alliance between him and the king of France. An abortive attempt, we are likewise informed by the diarist, was made to introduce the inquisition into Naples. The emperor interfered, and obtained, in favour of the insurgents, that they should only be fined. At the end. of August, the emperor assembled a diet at Augsburg, where he endeavoured to prevail on the Lutherans to consent to the Council of Trent, which they were willing to do, on the conditions-that it should be free; that the pope would release the bishops from their oath*; that the protestant theologians should have a decisive vote; and that the decrees hitherto made should be re-examined. The catholics said, that the council would proceed; that a safe conduct would be granted to the protestants; that they might speak freely, but that they should be obliged to obey. In this last sentence, there was doubtless sincerity enough; but nothing is said of the protestants being allowed a determining voice.

We now go back to the point at which we left the secretary, and follow his statements which more nearly concern the operations of the council.

After the last session, and on the 6th of June, the presidents proposed to the fathers, to be examined, the canons formed on the sacrament of penance, both for matter and form; which canons were discussed in general congregations from the 10th to the 15th of June. Their censures were examined by the theologians from the 17th of June to the 12th of July, and certain canons were agreed upon, twelve in number, and rather verbose. If there were likely

*The oath of allegiance to the pope, which made them his vassals and slaves.

to be, or if there actually were, any mixture of sound theology in the composition of the congregations, by whom the present decisions were made, some variation might exist between their definitions and those which were finally adopted in the ulterior progress of the council. But in an Italian city of all others, and in a body composed of Italian members, nothing could be expected, nor is found, than one unvarying monotony of Roman heresy.

In the mean time certain articles were drawn up for the examination of the theologians, with reference to the heresies respecting them on the subjects of purgatory and indulgences. The first is divided into four inquiries, the latter

into seven.

Reformation, however, was not neglected; and the abuses connected with the sacraments and their remedies were discussed with great care and diligence by the divines, and sanctioned by a general congregation on the 16th of June*. The sacraments concerned are, baptism, confirmation, and the eucharist.

From the 27th to the 29th of July the canons on extreme unction and order were examined by general congregations.

After this examination was completed, heretical articles were submitted to the theologians, on the subject of the mass. These amount to seven. We may here interpose the observation relative to all these lists, that no authors, no places in them, are stated; and that therefore they can neither be verified nor denied. It is one consolation, that evident and important truth greatly preponderates in most of them.

We cannot follow the minute detail of the operations of the fathers. Let it suffice to observe, that canons upon extreme unction and order were formed and approved; and, in particular, an examination was instituted respecting two articles of the Lutherans on the sacrament of matrimony, to the elucidation of which, testimonies of fathers and coun

I suspect this should be July; for in the next paragraph, and sufficiently near, we read 27 ejusdem mensis, Julii.