ing arrogance terminated in the victory of the latter, and the bull kept unaltered. Upon this the protestants became tumultuous, and the papists were dissatisfied. The emperor with healing speeches quieted both. An imperial decree was made on the 13th of February, 1551, requiring all the protestants and ecclesiastical princes to attend, and submit to, the council, where full liberty of speech would be allowed --but what liberty, or right, of determining? SESSION XI. PREPARATIONS-SESSION. Resumption of the Council under Julius III. EVENTS were now approaching to a state of maturity for the resumption of the council at Trent. Imperial power and importunity, not to say justice, had wrested from papal interest and reluctance the reduction of the council from an Italian seat to the old one, less under the influence of him who claimed to be its master. The pontiff chose for his legate, (for he took care to escape the responsibility and other inconveniences of being personally present,) Marcello Crescentio, cardinal presbyter of St. Marcello; to whom he joined, as nuncios, Sebastiano Pighino, archbishop of Siporto, and Aloisio Lipomano, bishop of Verona. They are, however, all called legates. At this second portion of the council our manuscripts fail us, excepting the abridged diary of which we shall make principal use, scanty as it is. We might therefore without impropriety have referred the reader, for the necessary information of this period, to the Venetian historian. But for the purpose of preserving the course of the narrative of so interesting a transaction in some degree unbroken, we will travel through the space, availing ourselves of the assistance of the published history, where the unpublished one is deficient, and giving as much as appears essential from the canons and decrees themselves, which are doubtless the most substantial and permanent part of the history. The eleventh session, and first under Julius III, was regularly opened, with the accustomed forms, on the 1st of May, as announced. Then was read the Bull of Resumption, which, as it has before been referred to, and contains some particulars which give a character to the proceedings as emanating from a new ruler, it will be of service to notice. The part which gave the great and just offence, was, where Julius first speaks of himself- We, to whom, as supreme pontiff for the time, it pertains, to announce and direct general 'councils,' &c. He then calls upon all kings and princes, as well as others, to assist him in his holy endeavours; and, after announcing the day of the present session, and promising the attendance of his legates, if he, from age or ill health, and other occupations of the apostolic see, should be unable to appear personally-let the reader weigh the expression, when he knows that the individual had determined, for obvious reasons, not to appear personally-he glances at the suspension of the council and concludes in the usual way. The question was then put, whether the fathers approved, that the Tridentine council should be resumed and proceed; and again, whether the 1st of September should be the next day of session.-To both of which questions the answer was, approved. There were thirteen prelates, chiefly imperial, although not of Germany, present, with the three legates and an imperial ambassador. SESSION XII. PREPARATIONS-SESSION. Prorogation of Session. A DISAGREEMENT between Henry of France and Julius of Rome respecting the duchy of Parma, dissipated all the goodwill which had commenced between these sovereigns; and the former knowing how to wound most effectually, published an edict, that all his bishops should put themselves in readiness for a national council; and the order was presented even in Rome to his prelates there. From Sarpi we learn, that the protestants were induced to think of attending the council, and to prepare accordingly but they desired a safe conduct in the name, not of the emperor, but of the council; for they remembered the council of Constance and the fate of Huss. The case of the council of Basil was a precedent for their demand *. The emperor sent three ambassadors to attend the council, one for the empire, one for Spain, and the third for his own states. He likewise sent many bishops from Germany; so that the procession on the day of session amounted to sixty-four. That day, September the 1st, arrived. The business was short. It was simply a decree of prorogation, purporting, that the holy council, on account of the absence of representatives of the illustrious German nation, for the benefit of which in particular the synod was convened, had forborne to proceed; but hoping for a better attendance in future, it appointed the 11th of October ensuing for the next session; and prosecuting † the council in the state in which it was found, having defined the sacraments in general and two particular ones, it decrees, that the eucharist for doctrine, and residence for reformation, shall form the next subjects of discussion; and finally exhorts the fathers to exercise themprosequendo. * Ist. iv. selves in fastings and prayers, that God, being appeased, may reduce the hearts of men to the acknowledgment of the true faith, to the unity of the church, and to the rule of righteous living. The king of France sent to the council one of his ministers with letters of credence, addressed to the holy fathers of the Tridentine Convention, which gave some offence: the elector of Mentz asked, how they would like to be addressed by the protestants as a convention of malignants. The letters asserted, that the council was not general, nor accessible to the king or his bishops; and desired, that the protest against it might be registered, and a copy returned. No answer was then given. The king dismissed the papal nuncio, and published a manifesto, chiefly concerning Parma, in the close of which he professes, that he had all respect for the apostolic see, but that it was not composed of prudent men, and that in short it was nothing more than the pope himself. To save his credit, however, on the contrary side, he published a most severe edict against the heretics and Lutherans, annexing greater punishments than his predecessors had done, in order, continues the Diary, to dissipate the opinion, that his majesty was averse from the apostolic see, and to shut the mouth of all*. So the Almighty Sovereign, who has a rich compensation in store for his faithful ones, allowed them to be tried in the fire of brutal persecution by capricious and unprincipled tyrants! There were present, according to the list in Le Plat, thirty prelates, besides a greater number than before of ambassadors and electoral princes. * Lib. iv. SESSION XIII. PREPARATIONS-SESSION. Doctrine: Eucharist-Reformation: Ecclesiastical Regulations- IMMEDIATELY after the XIIth session, preparations began to be made for the next; and real business was commenced. A general congregation was held, at which the subject discussed was the Eucharist; and articles of the protestants upon the subject were selected for confutation and condemnation. They were ten. Certain regulations were proposed to the theologians in their examinations, conducive both to evidence and to economy in time. They were, to adhere to the testimony of scripture, tradition, the canons, the fathers. This field, although in all conscience wide enough, was too narrow for the scholastic divines, who wished to expatiate without limit in the interminable expanse of their own peculiar logic, or sophistry. They, however, gave their sentiments on the subject before them; and did not fail to triumph over the heretical views of absent opponents. A number of canons were the result. From Fra Paolo, whom we are following, (for the Diary presents almost nothing,) we understand, that the repose of the council was a little disturbed by the application from the imperial ambassadors, particularly the Count de Montfort, for a safe conduct for the protestants; and it was required that it should be really safe. The legate answered with abundance of compliments: but in order to have time to consult Rome, he remitted every thing to the time of the session. It was thought reasonable, that likewise determination on the Eucharist should be deferred, at least as respects the cup. The legate answered in general terms. The pope consented as to the safe conduct and suspense respecting the cup. He wished, however, the council not to be idle, but undertake the consideration of Penance. On the Eucharist there was much disagreement between the Do |