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24; iv. 4, with Num. xxviii. 3, 4; iv. 10, with Exod. vii-xi.; iv. 11, with Gen. xix. 24, 25; ix. 13, with Lev. xxvi. 5.

Hosea about 670 years after Moses. Compare Hosea ix. 10, with Num. xxv. 3; xi. 8, with Gen. xix. 24, 25; xii. 4, 5, with Gen. xxxii. 24, 25; xii. 12, with Gen. xxviii. 2; xxix. 20.

Isaiah about 690 years after Moses. Compare Isaiah i. 9-14, with Gen. xix. 24, and with various precepts; xii. 2, with Exod. xv. 2; li. 2, with Gen. xii. 2; xvii. 2; liv. 9, with Gen. viii. 21, 22.

Micah about 700 years after Moses. Compare Micah vi. 5, with Num. xxii. -xxix. ; vi. 6, with Lev. ix. 2, 3 ; vi. 15, with Lev. xxvi. 16; Deut. xxviii. 33.

We might go on with the same process of proof through the remainder of the prophets and the whole series of the New Testament. Indeed, so constant is the reference, and so exact the coincidence, that if the Mosaic books were to be entirely destroyed, the sense of them might be gathered, to a great extent, from the subsequent parts of the Bible. Yet so great is the diversity of style and manner in these subsequent books, as to prove conclusively, that they must have been written by a succession of different men, in distant ages, of different habits, and in circumstances altogether diverse.

5. Recapitulation of the argument. Thus in favour of the authenticity of the Mosaic books, we have the unanimous testimony of antiquity, with nothing in the books themselves to discredit it, and every thing to confirm it.

We have the direct testimony of the books themselves, confirmed by the whole series of national writers, through a period (including the New Testament) of about fifteen hundred years.

We have observed, also, the impossibility of imposition, interwoven as these books have always been with the civil history, the political institutions, the literature, and the religion of a proud and once powerful nation; who alone have survived the wreck of ages, and still exist, a living miracle in attestation of the truth of a religion which they despise and hate, suffering the full weight of the penalty denounced in their own sacred books against their own obstinate unbelief, and carefully preserving, as their pride and their treasure, the volume which pronounces the awful sentence of

their own condemnation. (See Deut. xxviii. 15—68.)

Pagan testimony, so far as there is any, confirms the authenticity of the Mosaic books. We have all the evidence which the nature of the case admits, and tenfold more than that which satisfies us in regard to the writings of Homer or Herodotus; and even more than we have for the genuineness of the most distinguished writings in our own language, such as the works of Shakspeare and Milton.-C. E. Stowe.

THE THEATRE.

Ir must not be supposed that it is only the rigid and austere who have an ill opinion of the theatre. Men, who have scarcely a single sentiment in common on other subjects, agree on this. A volume would not contain all the authorities I might cite. The theatres of Athens were at one time such nuisances, that a law was passed requiring them to be closed. The Spartans, who paid such attention to every thing affecting the public morals, would not tolerate them in their city. At Rome, the profession of an actor was so infamous, that no one who sustained it could enjoy the rights of a citizen. It was customary for the early Christians, when they connected themselves with the church, to engage, by a special vow, to renounce pomps, shows, and all similar amusements. This kind of testimony might be extended almost at plea

sure.

Hear a witness or two of more recent date. Archbishop Tillotson, in speaking of plays, declares them to be "intolerable, and not fit to be permitted in a civilized, much less a Christian nation. They do most notoriously minister to vice and infidelity. By their profaneness, they instil bad principles into the minds of men, and lessen that awe and reverence which all men ought to have of God and religion;" and Sir John Hawkins says, 66 Although it is said of the plays, that they teach virtue, and of the stage, that it is the mirror of human life, these assertions are mere declamations, and have no foundation in truth or experience. On the contrary, a playhouse, and the regions about it, are the very hot-beds of vice."-S. R. Hall on Education,

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OLD HUMPHREY ON FLOWER-SEEDS.

THERE appears to be a natural, or an acquired love of the wonderful in the human heart. No man who takes up his pen to write about the burning mountains of Vesuvius, Etna, and Catopaxi, the Pyramids of Egypt, the Falls of Niagara, the Caves of Elephanta, or the Icebergs of the Northern Ocean, need be under any serious apprehension that his readers will be few; but if, through the frequency of narration, even such subjects as these should fail to excite curiosity, there are others of never-failing interest ever at hand.

There is always some subject, more or less occupying and absorbing public attention; and whether this be the missing whalers, the Nassau balloon, the fire at the Royal Exchange, or Murphy's almanack, every line that is written thereon is with avidity devoured. The love of the wonderful is as epidemical as the small-pox; it runs, it revels, it rages, and every new wonder, like a wave of the ocean, takes the place of its predecessor.

It is possible that many may pass over the title chosen for my present remarks, who would have been arrested by a more wonderful announcement. Had I chosen an account of a sea-snake a hundred yards long, a terrible encounter between a bull and a buffalo, a desperate highway robbery on Blackheath, a fearful battle, a horrid murder, or a frightful, sudden death, every eye that fell on the wonderful announcement would have been spell-bound. As it is, I must be satisfied with readers of a calmer cast.

There is, and it cannot be denied, a feverish excitement, a turbulent gratification, in relating marvellous adventures; but much more delightful it is to tell of the lonely revellings we have had in the overhanging coppice, the secluded nook, the shadowy dell, and flowery dingle, where we have given way to our emotions without restraint, with no eye upon us save the eye of the Eternal!

It is, indeed, a treat in an hour of recreation, to give imaginary forms to the snowy sun-lit clouds of heaven; to gaze on the ripple of the pebbled brook; to trace the shadows of the overhanging brushwood in the deep, clear, motionless water of the miniature bay of a river, or to sit down on the brink of a ditch, gorgeous with straggling plants and autumnal foliage!

Then, again, there are secluded nooks,

and shadowy dells, in the every-day occurrences of domestic life, that are dear to us all; little events, and private circumstances, that call forth our affections; and I had rather write you one chapter on such things, while my heart overflows with tender feelings, than ten chapters of overwhelming wonderment.

I have taken up my pen in a kindly mood, having just such an interesting little occurrence to relate as is after my own heart. Bear in mind that it is nothing wonderful, nor will there be any attempt on my part to make it so. If I were to try to be great and grand, wise and learned, I should deserve to be laughed at for my folly; but as I only seek to interest you with what has interested me, you must try to like my simple narration.

In the beginning of last year, I received a packet from one that I have a right to love. As absence often increases affection, so distance frequently gives value to a letter or a parcel. Absence and distance exercised their influence, and I opened my little packet with much complacency.

It contained small packets of flowerseeds, each packet labelled with the name of the seed it contained, with some remarks thereon; these remarks much pleased me, and it is because I entertain the hope of their pleasing others as well as myself, that I now venture to lay them before you.

were

The packets were neatly wrapped up, and the accompanying remarks written in pencil, thereby setting forth of how little importance the writer considered them. You shall have the inscriptions as they are now before me.

Major Convolvulus. "The prevailing colour of this flower is a deep heaven-like blue. Look upon it when you have the head-ache, or the heart-ache, or are under any mental excitement, for it is of a soothing and gently joyous nature, telling us of things calm and lovely, rather than of those which are gay and gladdening. It is not good to live ever in sunshine, nor desirable to remain always in the shade. Set the major convolvulus on each side the front door, that it may grow up a moderator of joy, and a soother of sorrow. You love to support the feeble; give my convolvulus a stick to lean upon, and he will hold up his head, and cheerfully thank you for the deed."

M

Sweet Pea. "Almost all plants of the curly, twirly, winding, twining class, are looked upon with tenderness, and with almost tearful eyes. The sweet pea, like unto the convolvulus, doth seem to love all things that its wiry, spiry stem can touch. I doubt me not that it would grow round your finger. You can try it if it pleaseth you, but at all events set my sweet pea, and if it twine itself not round your finger, it will, I know, for my sake, twine around your heart.

"It will grow on one side the garden gate, or against the palisades at the foot of the laburnum, and look lovely any where."

Gilly Flower.

"Common though the gilly (or July) flower be, despise it not: like the sweet William, it is the flower of the poor: you may look for the one and the other in the Sunday blue coat button-hole of aged Roger Blake, or in the broken blue jug in the alms-house window of Deborah Martin. It is called the wallflower, and I have seen it peep out of perilous places, clinging to the_high mouldering brick or stone wall.. There is a little poetry in its clustering blossoms in such circumstances, but in its proper place, it groweth in the little garden of a cottage wherein dwelleth an aged man, or a lonely widow; set it in yours, perhaps it may never come up, but if it should, and you cannot love it for its own sake, love it for mine. A homely flower should have a homely name; if I clothe it with a botanical name, you will not thank me for my pains."

Lupin.

"This flower is a general favourite, and yet, I know not why, it never would have had much interest with me, only that it grew in my grandmother's garden. I like the gay and grand, or the retiring, the lovely, and delicate; and this, whether pink, blue, or yellow, doth not partake of these qualities. Set it, at any rate, for I have said enough to make you like it. It would be a pity, indeed, to undervalue that which is lively, and pretty withal, and beloved by everybody."

Marygold.

“There is nothing poetical about this flower; it thrusts up its round face like the dandelion, and stares in the sun's countenance with a most unflower-like

boldness. In days gone by, I ate some of the petals of the flower in a basin of porridge, and ever since then, I have ranked it with pot-herbs. Set it, however, for it has a curious neatness and exactitude in its construction, and if you should ever pull it to pieces, you shall see what you shall see! Set it under the old wall, or any where else, so that it is a long way off my sweet pea, and my major convolvulus."

Carnation Poppy.

"Though not very commanding in size, this flower is gay and grand, and fit to be gazed on when the heart is full of some bright dream. It gives a mo ment of great assurance, almost seeming to promise what the heart desires. Set the seed, and if it springeth up, pluck a flower and place it before when you, fancy is required to paint the fair fuits fading nature, and of the hollowness ture in gorgeous colouring. Talk not of of this world's promises; tell me not that you have had enough of Madam and we will talk together of its withered Bubble," but set my carnation poppy, petals when they are withered."

Nasturtium.

"You cannot set too much of this; there cannot be too much of it in the garden. I have looked into the tangled and beauteous confusion of a cluster of nasturtiums, till mine eye has brimmed again with delight. It is a wilderness wherein a poet loveth to rove and revel. I like the leaf, and I love the flower. The smell of the plant, though it pleases. not many, pleases me; there is a strangeness in it. Set it right liberally, and if you cannot love it, I will love it for you."

Hollyhocks.

"No garden should be without a hollyhock, whether it belong to a prince or a peasant. Stately and aspiring, and requiring space, it yet wisely accommodateth itself to its circumstances; adorning alike the gay parterre and the cottage door. Whether peuce, crimson, scarlet, yellow, or white, it is always elegant; never forget that it is a hollyhock! It reminds me of the foxglove of the fields, growing much after the same fashion; the fox-glove reminds me of the thistle, and both flowers remind me of you, for they were always favourites with you. See that you set my hollyhocks!"

Mignonnette:

"And now I am come to my last packet. The mignonnette is not a flower to take with a stranger; but it is very dear to its friends. It promises nothing which it does not perform. It is not so gaudy as the tulip, nor so proud as the pæony, neither hath it so prepossessing an appearance as the dahlia; but it surpasseth them all in its grateful influence, and loves to give pleasure even to those who despise it. Set it. I do not say love it, for you cannot help doing that. You have a neat green trough, or a painted pot; set it there: or you may put it in the little bed nearest the back window. Yes, that will do nicely, and when it springs up and perfumes the air, if you have nothing better to think of, think of me."

Now, there is in the above observations a sprightly playfulness, a fulness of meaning, and a tender affection, that exactly suit my disposition; I know not when a packet has given me greater pleasure. It is said that the Chinese have a language of flowers, and I wonder not at it, for there is much in them well calculated to express our thoughts.

So long as I have been employed in noting down the remarks of another on flowers, and flower-seeds, I have felt strong; but now that I come to put down my own observations, I feel shorn of my strength. A child that walks well in leading-strings, totters without them. I want words as playful, and thoughts as pleasing, as those that I have recorded, but I cannot find them; and yet for all that, the inscriptions on the packets are so much in unison with my affections, that I feel as though I had almost a right to call them my own.

You have felt, perhaps, something like this spirit of appropriation before now, at a Bible or Missionary Meeting, when some highly gifted speaker, as popular for the warmth of his heart as for the eloquence of his tongue, has carried you away captive at his will, and made your bosom burn again, in setting forth, in glowing language, the immeasurable goodness of God, and the triumphs of the ever-blessed gospel!

You could not speak like him, but you felt like him. Not a sentiment did he express that was not your own, and at the moment, setting aside all distinctions of rank and talent, all restrictions of etiquette and custom, you could have

burst forward to take him by the hand, as a Christian brother who had given utterance to the pent-up emotions of your heart.

I scarcely need say, that the flower seeds were set. Some of them flourished, and others of them died without coming to maturity, but they all live in my remembrance. While I write these remarks, a sprig from one of them is sticking in my bosom.

Tell me not that there is nothing to be gathered from these remarks; for I think otherwise. I should feel grateful to him who could teach me to look on a daisy, ay, on a blade of grass, with an added interest. The more we see God in his works, the more shall we trust him in his ways; for if He so adorns the flowers of the garden, so clothes "the grass of the field, which to-day is, and to-morrow is cast into the oven, shall he not much more clothe you, O ye of little faith ?”

When we look on the flowers that we have set, and watered, and watched over, in a right spirit, we regard them as God's handywork, and, uniting wonder with thankfulness, feel, whether or not we express it, "that even Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these."

It is unnecessary, after the inscriptions I have given, for me to enlarge on the subject of flowers; my closing remarks shall be, therefore, brief. In passing through the garden of life, I have met with friends of many kinds, with major convolvuluses, gentle spirits, that have gladdened my eyes and my heart; with sweet peas, tender, affectionate, and loveable; with gilly flowers, homely, pleasant, and excellent; with lupins, common-place, but ever welcome; with marygolds, busy, bustling, and goodnatured; with carnation poppies, florid and hopeful, always painting the future in sunshine; with nasturtiums, eccentric, talented, and exciting, making me glad to be alive; and with consistent hollyhocks, so adorning their pathways by their graces, that I have loved them, and longed to be like them. To these must be added others of the true mignonette class, professing little, and doing much; making themselves to be felt rather than observed, and unobtrusively spreading their kindliest influence around.

I will now put by my inscriptions, though most likely, if life be spared.

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THE second subdivision of the Linnean system places all plants in genera, or families. The generic characters, or family features, are found in the parts of fructification, that is, in the different parts of the flower. These are the CALYX, COROLLA, STAMEN, PISTIL, which were described in No. II. of these papers; also the SEED, PERICARP, RE

CEPTACLE.

It will be necessary to glance at the varieties of the Calyx, of which there are seven. It is called,

PERIANTHIUM. When situate near the flower, it permanently answers the purpose of protection; and when placed below the fruit and flower, it is called the perianthium of the fructification, as in the primrose tribe.

When placed above the fruit, it is called the perianthium of the flower; it is either one-leaved, as in solanum, or many-leaved, as in stellaria. The student must be careful not to confound the one-leaved perianthium with the many-leaved, as some are so deeply divided as to appear as if they were composed of several distinct leaves, which, if examined to the base, will be found but one.

In compound, that is syngenesious flowers, the perianthium is termed common, because it encloses many florets, as in the sun-flower. The calyx is also termed,

INVOLUCRUM, which is the calyx of the umbelliferæ. It generally consists of five leaves, situate at the base of the

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