The Encyclopaedia of Islam: T-U

19th century Abbās Abbasid Abd Allah Abū according Aḥmad al-'Arabi al-Andalus al-Din al-Tabarī Alī Allāh Amir Arabic Baghdad Bakr became Beirut Berber Bibliography biographical Byzantine Cairo calendar caliph called Central Asia centre Christian Damascus dynasty East Egypt Egyptian empire European Fatimid genre Greek hadith historians historiography Husayn Ibn Khaldun Ibrāhīm idem important India Irāk Iran Iranian Islamic Istanbul Khan Kitāb known Kur'an language later Leiden literary literature London madhhab Maḥmūd Mamluk means ment mentioned modern Mongol mosque Muḥammad Muslim mystical origin Ottoman Ottoman Empire Paris Pasha period Persian poems poetry poets political Prophet region religious ruler Sāsānid Sayyid scholars Shah shari'a Shaykh Shi'i sources Studies Sufi Sufi orders Sufism sultan Syria Ta'rikh tabi'a Tabriz tafsir Taghlib tarika Tehran term tion town tradition translation Tripoli Turkish Turks Umar Umayyad University vols Wiesbaden Yāķūt Yemen zīdis